[Fis] FW: The Age of Discord. The Foundations of DIS-information Science

Tue Nov 26 07:52:38 CET 2019

Cari colleghi,
dopo avere spedito il mio messaggio ho avuto modo di leggere quelli di
Krassimir e Jaime che cadono a fagiolo.
Francesco.

Il giorno mar 26 nov 2019 alle ore 07:46 Francesco Rizzo <
13francesco.rizzo en gmail.com> ha scritto:

> Cari Pedro, Giuseppe, Terrence e tutti,
> l'informazione (neg-entropica) è la legge fondamentale della esistenza e
> della conoscenza. Nessuno può farne a meno. La tras-informazione è un
> processo mediante il quale l'informazione cambia o muta nello spazio e nel
> tempo. La dis-informazione (entropica) è la corruzione o degradazione della
> verità della realtà o della realtà della verità l.'iper-informazione è la
> molteplicità o la diversità delle definizioni relative a determinati
> fenomeni del mondo organico (animato) e inorganico (inanimato) che
> concorrono, approssimandosi o allontanandosi, alla scoperta della verità
> possibile o probabile della scienza e della coscienza.
> Sono pervenuto a queste conclusioni seguendo l'economia del mio pensiero o
> il pensiero della mia economia dis-seminato in quaranta libri e centinaia
> di articoli.
> Ciò non impedisce, anzi arricchisce, il confronto-dialogo accogliente le
> verità critiche o le critiche veritere degli altri, all'insegna della
> certezza dell'ìincertezza o dell'incertezza della certezza.
> Avevo preparato un contributo-intervento per partecipare al convegno che
> si è svolto a Berkeley, ma poi per ragioni familiari non  non ho potuto
> parteciparvi. Di questo chiedo scusa a tutti voi e soprattutto a Terry
> Deacon che ammiro e apprezzo tanto per la fulgida economia del suo
> pensiero. Ora tento di comunicarvi il framework (intelaiatura o struttura)
> della onto-metodo-logia reale della mia concezione scientifica espressa in
> tanti saggi, ma ultimamente soprattutto in:
> * "La scienza non può non essere umana, civile, sociale ECONOMICA,
> enigmatica, nobile, profetica", Arane editrice, Roma, 2016:
> * "Scienza dell'amore o amore della scienza. Sogno dell'economia
> dell'amore o amore dell'economia del sogno", Aracne editrice, Roma, 2019.
> * "La porta aperta dei sistemi fabbrica-mercato: linguaggio comunicativo,
> tecnologia strumentale; umanesimo nuovo" Aracne editrice, Roma, 2019, in
> corso di rilettura per la stampa:
>
>
> 1. L’*in–formazione* è la legge fondamentale della vita del creato e
> degli esseri viventi. L’in–formazione consiste nel *dare* o *prendere
> forma* degli uomini e/o delle loro idee, degli animali e delle piante,
> oltre che della materia o dell’energia (visibile e invisibile)
> dell’Universo intero. Il contrario di questa *legge delle leggi* è la
> de–formazione. Il processo di tras–in– (o de–)form–azione è alla base
> dell’attività naturale e umana. Difatti questa formidabile parola composta
> e complessa significa letteralmente e sostanzialmente: azione formativa
> (creazione) o deformativa (distruzione) della forma che si verifica nello
> spazio–tempo dell’esistenza e quindi si tras–forma ininterrottamente.
>
> L’informazione costituisce una triade con la *significazione* (che la
> precede) e la *comunicazione *(che la segue). Nessuna scienza naturale e
> umana (o sociale) ne può fare a meno seppure specificandola nel proprio e
> singolare *campo di forma*.
>
> È possibile definire quattro categorie di informazione o deformazione:
>
> * *eco–biologica* relativa all’attività di comunicazione–conservazione ―
> nei diversi con–testi *genotipici* trasmessi ereditariamente e passibili
> di *mutuazioni* o *fenotipici* non trasmissibili ereditariamente e
> passibili di *fluttuazioni* ― umana, animale e vegetale in–centrata sul *patrimonio
> genomico* del DNA e sul corrispettivo *codice genetico*; da qui: la
> comunicazione cellulare; l’analisi molecolare per neutralizzare i capricci
> del DNA responsabile della proliferazione incontrollate delle cellule
> dovuta all’azione dannosa dei geni alterati o mutati, attraverso la *targeted
> therapy*; il completamento della mappa del genoma umano (2003); la
> manipolazione delle cellule del sistema immunitario del malato stesso
> perché si attivino contro il tumore (*Car–T cell therapy*) mediante la
> farmaco–terapia genetica; la conoscenza di geni (comandanti) che regolano
> altri geni (obbedienti), cioè, secondo un’attività–funzione epigenetica;
> etc., fanno il resto su cui basare l’*economia genetica* o la *genetica
> economica* nell’ambito della *Nuova economia*: possono restare estranei
> ai valutatori questi valori della vita?;
>
> * *termodinamica o naturale* relativa all’*energia libera* (anabolica) o
> *neg–entropica* fondata sul dis–equilibrio (vitale) e all’*energia
> degradata* (catabolica) o *entropia* (mortale): sia per le esigenze dell’*economia
> logistica o ingegneristica* di non trascurabile interesse operativo sia
> per dimostrare la concretezza, la fattibilità e la validità empirica
> dell’approccio alla nuova teoria del valore proposta da lungo tempo l’*economia
> termodinamica* o la *termodinamica economica* è imprescindibile o
> ineludibile, soprattutto per quanto riguarda il calcolo della produzione di
> entropia applicando il teorema di Gouy–Stodola, *l’evoluzione di un
> sistema reale che porta sempre ad una perdita complessiva di exergia* o
> ad un aumento di entropia, l’efficienza energetica (sta al primo principio
> della termodinamica) ed exergetica (sta al secondo principio della
> termodinamica); l’ecologia integrale, umana e naturale, non può
> disattendere la strategia termodinamica dell’esistenza (Rizzo);
>
> * *matematica o cibernetica* relativa alla misura dell’equi–probabilità
> di una distribuzione statistica uniforme alla fonte, secondo i suoi teorici
> (Shannon e Weaver, 1949) direttamente proporzionale all’entropia del
> sistema, stato di equi–probabilità al quale tendono gli elementi del
> medesimo sistema; ma l’informazione può definirsi neg–entropia
> (inversamente proporzionale all’entropia) quando è già selezionata,
> trasmessa e ricevuta; in tal caso v’ha la necessità di un *s–codice ― *una
> sorta di *filtro* che scorga una struttura semplice sotto un’apparente
> casualità ―  quale nuovo tipo di fonte svolgente una funzione ordinatrice
> che limita il numero degli elementi considerabili e le loro possibilità di
> combinazione: così l’informazione (matematica) alla fonte diminuisce, ma la
> possibilità di trasmissione dei messaggi aumenta; inoltre è possibile e
> talvolta ragionevole passare dalla logica aristotelico–binaria o 0 o 1 alla *filosofia
> (entropia) fuzzy* tra 0 e 1;
>
> * *semiotico–semantica* relativa anche alla possibilità di *comunicazione*
> dipendente dalla funzione ordinatrice svolta da un s–codice costituito da
> un sistema di stati discreti sovrapponibile all’equi–probabilità del
> sistema iniziale, che consente di sfruttarlo comunicativamente; tuttavia
> affinché esistano s–codici è imprescindibile una *significazione* o *funzione
> segnica* dell’intera vita culturale, ancor prima della stessa attività
> semiotica: così si completa il quadro triadico costituito da
> significazione, informazione, comunicazione.
>
> Il *valore della forma* o la *forma del valore* costituisce la *teoria
> del valore–informazione* della *Nuova economia* in cui *Il sistema
> fabbrica–mercato* non è solo un luogo produttivo o commerciale, ma anche
> e soprattutto un’interazione–comunicazione interna (nell’azienda) ed
> esterna (nel mercato): quindi il mercato non è affatto il luogo
> dell’incontro e della domanda e dell’offerta dei beni, bensì il luogo di
> interazione narrativa dei segni economici. Un’altra notazione:
> l’interazione–comunicazione economica che si svolge con la *scienza del
> valore e delle valutazioni* si avvale, nel bene, della neg–entropia
> monetario–finanziaria e subisce, nel male, l’entropia monetario–finanziaria
> (Rizzo).
>
> In senso più general–quantistico la natura o la società presenta una
> moltitudine di fenomeni che appaiono caotici o rischiosi, fino a quando non
> vengono considerati *messaggi* valutativi, significativi e
> comportamental–cognitivi da comprendere. Sicché con un codice
> interpretativo, liberamente scelto, hanno un contenuto o significato, in
> presenza di un certo *rumore di fondo*; con un altro codice il suddetto *rumore
> diventa messaggio* o il suddetto *messaggio* *diventa rumore*. Beninteso,
> i dati della stessa materia o la materia degli stessi dati possono dar
> luogo a diversi messaggi (pp. 269-271).
>
> Grazie e buon lavoro. Scusatemi l'italiano!
>
> Francesco
>
> Il giorno lun 25 nov 2019 alle ore 18:55 Terrence W. DEACON <
> deacon en berkeley.edu> ha scritto:
>
>> I applaud Joseph's identification of what I consider the most serious
>> threat to modern civilization.
>> As an organization that takes as its primary aim to be an understanding
>> of information in its most complete sense,
>> what could be more valuable than for us to focus the goal of finding ways
>> to mitigate the influence of IT-based disinformation.
>> This is far from a trivial issue, and it requires a full scientific
>> conceptualization of information to succeed;
>> i.e. one that takes the referential (meaningful) and normative
>> (pragmatic) aspects of information seriously.
>> Rather than bickering over our differing theoretical perspectives, we
>> could spend our efforts exploring what each might contribute to this
>> critical need.
>> We can add to these challenges the need to also counter the rapid
>> development of surveillance technologies and AI-based manipulation of
>> opinion and behavior.
>> In other words, there is so much that we collectively have to offer if we
>> can just focus on what matters.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mon, Nov 25, 2019 at 7:38 AM Joseph Brenner <joe.brenner en bluewin.ch>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Dear Pedro and All,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Disinformation is produced and disseminated in four major domains:
>>> politics, science, communications and the operation of the current social
>>> system.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    1. Politics
>>>    2. Science
>>>    3. Communications
>>>    4. The Social System; Hypocrisy
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> The reason I refer to disinformation as a science is not to ennoble it,
>>> but to emphasize that combating it requires close attention to its
>>> scientific and philosophical properties and dynamics. Let us use the term
>>> narrative to refer to a ‘unit’ of the discourse in the domains, and I give
>>> just a few examples here.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    1. Politics
>>>
>>> Left-wing and right-wing politicians are equally bad. This doctrine
>>> pushed by the *left-*wing publicist Ralph Nader during his run for the
>>> U.S. Presidency in 2000 led to his gaining enough Democratic voters to
>>> result in the victory of the Republican Bush and the Iraq war. Despite
>>> the Obama interlude, it set the pre-conditions for the subsequent emergence
>>> of Trump.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    1. Science
>>>
>>> Driven by fundamentalist dogma, disinformation about the risks *vs. *the
>>> necessity of vaccination is increasingly common. Similarly, the number of
>>> people who believe (or claim to believe, see below) that the Earth is flat
>>> is increasing compared to the last Century. Many Americans still believe
>>> that global warming is a hoax, propagated by ‘Communists’, interested in
>>> destroying our economic system (see 4).
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    1. Communications
>>>
>>> Disinformation about the Internet leads to resistance to control in the
>>> name of ‘Free Speech’. I defy anyone who has seen recent interviews of
>>> Zuckerberg on TV to claim that he does not deserve criminal prosecution.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>    1. The Social System; Hypocrisy
>>>
>>> If people are forced to pretend publicly that they believe the
>>> disinformation they receive (to keep their jobs, *etc.*), hypocrisy
>>> becomes institutionalized and endemic. It is then possible to ask whether
>>> the current neo-capitalist system in fact depends on disinformation for its
>>> continued existence.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Finally, it is very easy, IMHO, to distinguish between disinformation
>>> and misinformation, without becoming too ‘technical’: the latter is
>>> essentially accidental, although its consequences may be disastrous in
>>> individual cases. The former is intentional, and its consequences are
>>> becoming increasingly disastrous. Theories of Information Science that
>>> neglect or occult the role of intentionality in the transfer of
>>> information, that is, communications, leave the door open to further
>>> disinformation.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I welcome both agreements and disagreements with the above, as well as
>>> possible themes for *FIS *and *FDS *discussion.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Best wishes,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Joseph
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> *From:* Fis [mailto:fis-bounces en listas.unizar.es] *On Behalf Of *Pedro
>>> C. Marijuan
>>> *Sent:* lundi, 25 novembre 2019 14:22
>>> *To:* fis en listas.unizar.es
>>> *Subject:* Re: [Fis] FW: The Age of Discord
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Dear List,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Am responding to Joseph and to Diego.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> To the former, I agree on the quantitative mirage when trying to
>>> formalize history. Perhaps the best contents in Turchin's books refer to
>>> qualitative aspects, for instance the development of "frontier" countries
>>> he discusses (the cases of Russia, Spain, and US and others). The main
>>> point on the emergence of those long term trends of progression/regression
>>> or oscillations is very intriguing and I think we cannot substantiate it
>>> easily. The organization of an ad hoc discussion session would be quite
>>> interesting (can someone help on that possibility?). The relationship with
>>> the historical acceleration an the emergence of new of information flows
>>> would also be intriguing. As I comment below, it can be a fertile new field
>>> and a necessity to be covered by information philosophy. We badly need to
>>> put the most relevant aspects in an integrative view.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> To Diego, my focus was not only in the Latin American countries. If we
>>> contemplate recent months/years, we see many other mass explosions
>>> (Algeria, Tunisia, Thailand, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Ukraine, Jordania...)
>>> and I had already included other Arab countries, plus Spain, France, and
>>> other movements: Trumpism, Brexiterism, and also we could include Metooism,
>>> indignados, and all kinds of offendidisms & populisms... Everywhere there
>>> are deep causes around for mass-mobilization, some are different, some may
>>> be common. But it is not just the arrival of "conquistadores" scapegoat. By
>>> the way, they parted away two centuries ago, and some of those countries
>>> were not in bad shape 50-60 years ago (Argentina, Venezuela, Uruguay,
>>> Cuba.... The case of Argentina is amazing: after WWI she was the fourth
>>> richest country of the world. Venezuela's case, unfortunately, is more
>>> dramatic). Coincidentally, in discussions with Islamic-inclined parties, I
>>> was surprised to find another scapegoat widely argumented: the Crusades.
>>> Islamic societies failed to make the different modern transitions due to
>>> the cultural-political crisis brought forth by the crusades (seven-eight
>>> centuries ago!). Well, to escape from traditional cliches or from political
>>> preferences I think Acemoglu's views are quite balanced about these themes,
>>> particularly in his 2012 book, *Why Nations Fail
>>> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_Nations_Fail>*. Our colleague Howard
>>> Bloom has also written penetrating analyses on the historical evolution of
>>> Islamic societies versus the Western world.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Summing up, that the new media are one of those deep causes contributing
>>> to irritated socio-political and cultural climates is an idea that can be
>>> found in quite a few analyses today. Coincidentally I could read this
>>> weekend an international analyst with very similar opinions to my own on
>>> the e-destabilization in the mentioned world regions. Widespread
>>> mass-additions to e-life are a fact: data on use of screens are outrageous.
>>> Adults in the US spend on average more that ten hours daily watching,
>>> reading, listening to or simply interacting with media. US adolescents
>>> spend an average of 9 hours daily in front of their cell phones screens. In
>>> parallel, a growing epidemics of adolescent medicalization and prescription
>>> of opioids and drug abuse is taking shape. That means a brave new style of
>>> life and a brave new mode of thinking are on the advance...
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Best regards
>>>
>>> --Pedro
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> El 22/11/2019 a las 12:54, Joseph Brenner escribió:
>>>
>>> Dear Pedro and All,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I agree in general with Pedro on the importance of Turchin’s
>>> transdisciplinary approach, but feel that something is missing in his
>>> attempted synthesis in *Cliodynamics. *I say attempted for two reasons:
>>> for me, he overemphasizes the role of mathematics – historical databases
>>> and such, and the title of his journal is *Quantitative History and
>>> Cultural Evolution. *This is not to say that mathematical methods do
>>> not have a role, but if the objective is that history become an analytical,
>>> predictive science like others so described, I see the potential loss of
>>> its essential *qualitative* aspects. The statement that Trump is worse
>>> than Nixon is not analytical.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> The (clio)dynamics of Pedro’s 5 points are also non-analytical and
>>> non-mathematizable. However, he uses two, related terms that I think should
>>> be unpacked: 1) low progress 2) secular oscillation. I see decades-long
>>> trends of *re-*gress, such that only if the sinusoidal oscillation can
>>> also move backwards is it fair to call it an oscillation*.*
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> If it is a fundamental *irrationality* that is underlying current
>>> cultural evolution –or perhaps better *de*volution, then the practice
>>> of Information Science and Philosophy must take this into account to be
>>> meaningful.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> I am not arguing for the sake of arguing, but the repetition of only the
>>> most commonly accepted usages of terms is not going to help.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Thank you and best wishes,
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Joseph
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> *From:* Fis [mailto:fis-bounces en listas.unizar.es
>>> <fis-bounces en listas.unizar.es>] *On Behalf Of *Pedro C. Marijuan
>>> *Sent:* vendredi, 22 novembre 2019 12:14
>>> *To:* 'fis'
>>> *Subject:* [Fis] The Age of Discord
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Dear FIS & IS4SI Colleagues,
>>>
>>> "The Age of Discord" was the title of a lecture that the historian and
>>> sociologist Peter Turchin, founder of the Cliodynamics approach, gave
>>> recently in the Netherlands. The slides can be easily obtained in the web
>>> (in his blog). The content was mainly referring to a decades-long trend of
>>> low progress and rise of inequality, and as a consequence growing social
>>> unrest. It would form part of a secular oscillation in history... But I
>>> think there is a new potent factor: the hyperconnectivity we talked weeks
>>> ago.
>>>
>>> These days we are watching violent demonstrations in numerous countries:
>>> Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, Nicaragua, Iran, Irak, Lebanon... plus
>>> Hongkong, Spain (Barcelona), France (gilets jaunes), and the rising
>>> polarization from Trumpism and Brexit. There is a contagion effect in some
>>> cases. But a common factor is the influence of social networks. In several
>>> aspects:
>>>
>>> --How easy is to organize demonstrations and activist concentrations.
>>>
>>> --How easy is to disseminate information that efficiently counteracts
>>> governments' efforts to maintain social order.
>>>
>>> --How easyly anger and hatred are shared among the masses, generating a
>>> collective climate of insults, physical violence, highest irritation.
>>>
>>> --How easily outright lies, disinformation, vitriolic attacks are
>>> jumping from screen to screen to the eyeballs of hypnotized watchers.
>>>
>>> --The proportion of "negative" to "positive" (say of emotional
>>> responses) has become the highest in the history of communication.
>>>
>>> My opinion is that the new media and new modalities of hyperconnection,
>>> still deprived of constraining cultural patterns, are the genuine movers of
>>> this "Age of Discord", without rejecting the other factors implied in
>>> Turchin secular views. This time there is something really new agitating
>>> history and the masses (like printing press, steam engines...). Is there
>>> hope that collective intelligence will domesticate this artificial
>>> information flow soon? Of course, without a loss of individual freedoms.
>>>
>>> Best wishes
>>>
>>> --Pedro
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Pedro C. Marijuán
>>>
>>> Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> pcmarijuan.iacs en aragon.es
>>>
>>> http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>>
>>> Fis mailing list
>>>
>>> Fis en listas.unizar.es
>>>
>>> http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis
>>>
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>>> ----------
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Pedro C. Marijuán
>>>
>>> Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> pcmarijuan.iacs en aragon.es
>>>
>>> http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/
>>>
>>> -------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Fis mailing list
>>> Fis en listas.unizar.es
>>> http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis
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>>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Professor Terrence W. Deacon
>> University of California, Berkeley
>> _______________________________________________
>> Fis mailing list
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>
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