[Fis] Levin vs Werner Theory of Cancer

[Eric Werner]

Dear Mike,

Out of curiosity and trying to get to know your work in preparation for 
your talk today, I asked Perplexity this question:

Werner: How does Levin explain cancer and relate to Werner's theory of 
cancer networks?

Perplexity:

Michael Levin's explanation of cancer relates closely to Eric Werner's 
theory of cancer networks, as both researchers emphasize the importance 
of cellular communication and organization beyond genetic mutations alone.

Levin's Bioelectric Perspective on Cancer
Levin views cancer as a disease of geometry and information processing 
rather than solely a genetic disorder. He proposes that:

     1.    Cancer results from a misregulation of the bioelectric field 
that orchestrates individual cells' activities towards normal anatomy[1].
     2.    Abnormal depolarization of resting potential (Vmem) is a 
marker for neoplasia and can activate metastatic phenotypes in 
genetically-normal cells[1].
     3.    Bioelectric signals trigger metastatic behaviors at a 
distance, mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic effects[1].

Connections to Werner's Cancer Networks Theory
Werner's theory aligns with Levin's perspective in several ways:

     1.    Focus on Developmental Control: Both researchers emphasize 
that cancer involves disruptions in the networks that guide normal 
cellular development and organization[2][3].
     2.    Beyond Genetic Mutations: While not dismissing genetic 
factors, both theories propose that cancer cannot be fully explained by 
genetic mutations alone[3][4].
     3.    Cell Communication: Werner and Levin both highlight the 
importance of cell-to-cell communication in cancer development, with 
Werner focusing on developmental control networks and Levin on 
bioelectric signaling[3][5].
     4.    Systemic View: Both theories view cancer as a system-level 
phenomenon rather than a disease originating in single cells[1][4].

Key Differences and Complementary Aspects

     1.    Bioelectric Emphasis: Levin's work specifically focuses on 
bioelectric signals, while Werner's theory is broader in its 
consideration of developmental control networks[1][2].
     2.    Mathematical Modeling: Werner's approach includes more 
extensive mathematical modeling and classification of cancer networks[2][4].
     3.    Experimental Approaches: Levin's research involves direct 
manipulation of bioelectric signals in organisms like planarians and 
frogs, while Werner's work is more theoretical and computational[5][2].

In conclusion, Levin's bioelectric explanation of cancer complements 
Werner's theory of cancer networks by providing a specific mechanism 
(bioelectric signaling) through which developmental control networks 
might be disrupted or altered in cancer. Both approaches offer novel 
perspectives on cancer development and potential avenues for treatment 
that go beyond traditional genetic-focused strategies.
⁂

     1. https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25525610/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsWQcp3gnY$ 
     2. https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.5865__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsWZueEtZ8$ 
     3. https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxwIN3Zh8dw__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsW4VQVwIw$ 
     4. 
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.jyi.org/2014-december/2017/3/29/a-mathematical-model-of-cancer-networks-with-radiation-therapy__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsWNh6GNwM$  

     5. 
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.theatomicmag.com/the-bioelectric-network-a-new-frontier-in-understanding-intelligence-and-morphogenesis/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsWgoZGmis$  


-- 
/Dr. Eric Werner, FLS
Oxford Advanced Research Foundation
https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!T1ew23PvzWfCrd5Z2OWZGu7V2Q89hDFGpieomKrMx5KoH6-CPoHin8Pc05lXU_zmPtoTbul9TipL3XsW3SLS_Cs$ 


/
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