[Fis] AI Discussion--Part 1 (by Yixin Zhong)

[Pedro C. Marijuán]

Dear FIS Colleagues,

Given the message size limitation of our list server, the kickoff texts 
of the session will be posted as two separated parts.
Herewith the first part, corresponding to our well known colleague 
*Yixin Zhong*.
Given the frequent format problems in emails, the contribution is also 
attached in word (better for printing).

Best--Pedro

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*Declaration on Paradigm Revolution in AI*

International Conference on the Study of Information

August 14-16, 2023 in Beijing

The 6^th International Conference on the Study of Information was held 
Aug. 14-16, 2023 in Beijing. After discussions, _systematically new and 
greatly significant findings on “paradigm revolution in AI_” are 
stressed and worth to be shared to the public.


/*--- Part I. New Findings and New Theories on Scientific Research*/

*
*

*1. The Secret on the _Origin of Science and Technology_ (S&T) *

_Neither science nor technology existed in the early primitive time_. 
Throughout the practice of evolution, humans realized that their own 
abilities were not sufficient for achieving the success in living and 
development. Then they gradually discovered a way to strengthen human 
abilities, that is to make tools by utilizing the resources from the 
outside world. The general idea for making tools became the origin of 
primitive science and the skills became the origin of primitive 
technology. _Assisting humans in expanding their abilities -- this is 
the secret of the origin for S&T to emerge_.

*2. The Secret on the _Advance Path Map of S&T_*

There have been four categories of human ability to expand -- 
constitution ability, physique ability, information ability and 
intellectual ability, from relatively simple to relatively complex. _The 
order for human ability expansion determines the path of S&T advancing_:

-- Material S&T has been developed to strengthen human constitution 
ability since the agricultural era, or even earlier;

-- Energy S&T to strengthen human physique ability since the industrial 
era;

-- Information S&T to strengthen human information ability since the 
information era;

-- Intelligence S&T to strengthen human intelligence ability since the 
intelligence era.

Material S&T and energy S&T are termed physical discipline while 
information S&T and intelligence S&T are the information discipline. 
_Meeting the needs of human ability expansion -- this is the secret for 
S&T to advance_.

*3. The Intelligence Era is Coming*

The intelligence ability is resulted from complex integration and 
upgrading of all kinds of information ability. Information S&T has 
experienced great development since World War II. Yet, _the explosive 
development of artificial intelligence, AI in brief, and its huge 
implications to human society have been evidenced since 2010s_. This 
marks clearly that the world is entering into the intelligence era.

*4. Paradigm Change: The Insuperable Law for Emerging Discipline *

4.1,**_Paradigm for a scientific discipline is defined as the scientific 
worldview and the associated methodology for the discipline_, which is 
the supreme force for leading and regulating the advancement of the 
discipline.

4.2, According to 4.1, _different scientific disciplines should have 
different paradigm_

4.3, The paradigm can merely be refined from the activities of the 
discipline. Yet, this is an extremely difficult task and may _take a 
very long period of time. The latter of which is termed the time for 
paradigm formation, TPF for short_.

4.4, Within TPF, emerging scientific discipline will have its own 
paradigm unavailable. T_he research activity within this period of time 
will have to borrow a paradigm from other disciplines_.

4.5, _The emerging scientific discipline within its TPF will be at a low 
level of advancement because the borrowed paradigm is not matched with 
the discipline_.

4.6, The solution able to make the discipline walk out of the low-level 
advancement stage is _to summarize its own paradigm and to replace the 
borrowed paradigm with its own. This process is called “paradigm 
revolution_”.


/*-- Part II Applying the General Theory to AI Research*/

*
*

*5. Paradigm for Physical Discipline (PPD)*

5.1 The physical discipline has been more than 400 years old and has 
successfully refined its own paradigm already, called the paradigm for 
physical discipline.

5.2 _The scientific worldview of PPD declares “What the physical 
discipline studies must merely be objective matters and no subjective 
factors are allowed_”.

5.3 _The methodology requests that the studies carried on in physical 
discipline observe the principles of “pure formalization” (castrating 
the value and meaning factors) and “divide and conquer” (dismembering 
the system into pieces)_.

*6. AI is an Emerging Discipline *

6.1, Born in the mid-20^th century, AI is essentially a kind of open and 
complex information system. According to 4.2, _AI should follow the 
paradigm for information discipline, PID in brief_.

6.2, Due to its high complexity, AI is still within the period of its 
TPF (see point 4.3). This means that t_he PID is still unavailable till 
the present day_.

6.3, According to 4.4, _AI has borrowed PPD to follow in practice_, 
which is not matched with the needs of AI research though.

6.4, As a result, the advancement in AI is at a lower level: (1) _AI has 
been dismembered into three pieces (Structuralism, Functionalism, 
Behaviorism) and thus no unified AI theory_, (2) _The value and meaning 
factors of information have all been castrated and thus no true 
intelligence can be produced_. _These are the major problems in AI, 
including the GPT series_.

6.5, As mentioned in 4.5, the right solution for walking out of the 
lower level of AI advancement is _to summarize PID and then replace PPD 
with PID_. This is the so-called “_Paradigm Revolution in AI_”.

*7. Paradigm for Information Discipline (PID)*

7.1, As stated in 4.1, the paradigm for information discipline is 
defined as the integration of scientific worldview and the associated 
methodology dedicated to the information discipline. PID can be 
summarized as follows.

7.2, _The scientific worldview of PID declares “What AI studies is the 
information ecology process generated by the interaction between 
subjects and the objects under the control of subjects and the 
constraints from objects in environment_”.

7.3, _The methodology of PID requests that the studies carried out in AI 
observe the principles of the information ecology process without 
dismemberment and castration_.

*8. Paradigm Change: The Establishment of General AI Theory Completed *

8.1, Giving-up PPD, forbidding castration and dismemberment, _PID wipes 
out all the major problems in AI caused by borrowing PPD_ and _reveals 
the universal mechanism of producing intelligence -- the “Law of 
Information Conversion and Intelligence Creation_” with which all 
rational problems in practice can intelligently be solved.

8.2 Much more importantly, the “_law of information conversion and 
intelligence creation_”, together with the “_law of matter conversion 
and matter inextinguishable_”, and the “_law of energy conversion and 
energy conservation_”, _form the completed system for contemporary science_.

8.3 Based on the universal mechanism of producing intelligence, _the 
establishments of Universal Theory for Artificial Intelligence with 
understanding ability, Universal Logic Theory and Factor Space Theory 
have all been completed_.

*9. The Harmonious Relationship between PID and PPD in AI System*

9.1, _PID should be followed within the entire information ecology 
process in AI_.

9.2, _PPD should be followed with respect to the supporting systems of 
AI, which are material system and energy system_.

9.3, _PID and PPD can achieve the unity of opposites in AI system within 
which PID is for the mainstream of AI system whereas PPD is for 
supporting to the mainstream_.

*
*

/*-- Part III. Conclusions*/

*
*

*10. Paradigm Change: The Significant Regulations in AI Research*

10.1, _Paradigm for a scientific discipline is the indispensable 
guidance in the scientific research_.

10.2, In order to recognize the paradigm, _the breaking out the boundary 
that separates natural science from philosophy is necessary_.

10.3, _When the research area is expanded from objective entities to 
involve subjective factors, then the paradigm must be changed from PPD 
to PID -- this is the demand from the era advancement._

10.4, _Paradigm Revolution has been the criterion for testing if the AI 
research can be successful or not_.


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