[Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 129, Issue 20

[JOHN TORDAY]

Kate, hypothesis: since consciousness is connected with locomotion, art is
vicarious movement? Kinda like how/why fantom limb sustains the cell-cell
signaling “north” of the severed leg so one doesn’t suffer from “disuse
atrophy” ? What do you think? John


John S. Torday
Professor of Pediatrics
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Evolutionary Medicine
UCLA

*Fellow, The European Academy of Science and Arts*


On Sat, Jan 10, 2026 at 5:32 PM JOHN TORDAY <jtorday at ucla.edu> wrote:

> Hi Kate, of course you're right about the fundamental bacterial origin of
> emotion and locomotion, but I was trying to frame my response in the
> context of 'art' as a manifestation of consciousness. I would like to
> suggest that what bacteria do is a behavior, not consciousness in the sense
> that bacteria are aware of their 'selves'. I think of Chalmers' 'hard
> question', 'seeing red when we whack our thumb with a hammer' as an
> atavistic memory of when we first injured ourselves and bled, not unlike
> our innate fear of the dark, lightning, spiders and snakes.....innate
> traits that are buried deep within the homeostatically-regulated memories
> of our cells. That sense of comfort or discomfort due to non-local
> consciousness is the impetus for expressing such feelings in the form of
> art. In this context, It is of interest that there were three hormone
> receptors that duplicated (amplified) during the water-land transition,
> those for Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP), cortisol, and the
> beta-adrenergic receptor, all three of which were necessary for physiologic
> adaptation to land. Herein, it is important to bear in mind that the
> endocrine system is under epigenetic control (Zhang X, Ho SM. Epigenetics
> meets endocrinology. J Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Feb;46(1):R11-32), inferring
> that our consciousness is controlled by our environment. And all of the
> above was set in motion by the force of gravity (Torday JS. Parathyroid
> hormone-related protein is a gravisensor in lung and bone cell biology. Adv
> Space Res. 2003;32(8):1569-76), which is why, in my opinion, we feel there
> is something greater than ourselves, which, is the motivation and need for
> art as the expression of that 'holism'. It is not coincidental that we
> express most art other than dance through our forelimbs, which were freed
> by standing on two legs, allowing us to express our emotions through our
> hands.....and btw, our hands are genetically connected to our hearts as the
> seat of emotion through homeobox genes. For example, if an infant is born
> with webbed fingers the Pediatrician will suspect a heart defect because
> the webbing is under the same genetic control as the septation of the
> heart. Art is our expression of our holistic relationship to the
> Cosmos.....But perhaps you see it differently?
>
> Collegially, John
>
> John S. Torday
> Professor of Pediatrics
> Obstetrics and Gynecology
> Evolutionary Medicine
> UCLA
>
> *Fellow, The European Academy of Science and Arts*
>
>
>
> On Sat, Jan 10, 2026 at 5:28 PM JOHN TORDAY <jtorday at ucla.edu> wrote:
>
>> Hi Kate, of course you're right about the fundamental bacterial origin of
>> emotion and locomotion, but I was trying to frame my response in the
>> context of 'art' as a manifestation of consciousness. I would like to
>> suggest that what bacteria do is a behavior, not consciousness in the sense
>> that bacteria are aware of their 'selves'. I think of Chalmers' 'hard
>> question', 'seeing red when we whack our thumb with a hammer' as an
>> atavistic memory of when we first injured ourselves and bled, not unlike
>> our innate fear of the dark, lightning, spiders and snakes.....innate
>> traits that are buried deep within the homeostatically-regulated memories
>> of our cells. That sense of comfort or discomfort due to non-local
>> consciousness is the impetus for expressing such feelings in the form of
>> art. In this context, It is of interest that there were three hormone
>> receptors that duplicated (amplified) during the water-land transition,
>> those for Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein (PTHrP), cortisol, and the
>> beta-adrenergic receptor, all three of which were necessary for physiologic
>> adaptation to land. Herein, it is important to bear in mind that the
>> endocrine system is under epigenetic control (Zhang X, Ho SM.
>> Epigenetics meets endocrinology. J Mol Endocrinol. 2011 Feb;46(1):R11-32),
>> inferring that our consciousness is controlled by our environment. And all
>> of the above was set in motion by the force of gravity (Torday JS.
>> Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a gravisensor in lung and bone cell
>> biology. Adv Space Res. 2003;32(8):1569-76), which is why, in my opinion,
>> we feel there is something greater than ourselves, which, is the motivation
>> and need for art as the expression of that 'holism'. It is not coincidental
>> that we express most art other than dance through our forelimbs, which were
>> freed by standing on two legs, allowing us to express our emotions through
>> our hands.....and btw, our hands are genetically connected to our hearts as
>> the seat of emotion through homeobox genes. For example, if an infant is
>> born with webbed fingers the Pediatrician will suspect a heart defect
>> because the webbing is under the same genetic control as the septation of
>> the heart. Art is our expression of our holistic relationship to the
>> Cosmos.....But perhaps you see it differently?
>>
>> Collegially, John
>>
>> John S. Torday
>> Professor of Pediatrics
>> Obstetrics and Gynecology
>> Evolutionary Medicine
>> UCLA
>>
>> *Fellow, The European Academy of Science and Arts*
>>
>>
>> On Sat, Jan 10, 2026 at 4:20 PM Katherine Peil <ktpeil at outlook.com>
>> wrote:
>>
>>> Thanks John, for you association between Language and Locomotion. But
>>> there is a much deeper, more ancient, connection between *emotion* and
>>> behavioral locomotion (witness the chemotaxis, info taxis of the
>>> bacterium.) Read all about it here: Peil, K. T. (2014). Emotion: the
>>> self-regulatory sense. *Global advances in health and medicine*, *3*(2),
>>> 80-108.
>>> Might your work on gravity and identity apply here?
>>> Kate Kauffman
>>>
>>>
>>> On 1/10/26, 1:39 PM, "Fis" <fis-bounces at listas.unizar.es> wrote:
>>> Katherine Peil Kauffman
>>>
>>> Send Fis mailing list submissions to
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>>>
>>> Today's Topics:
>>>
>>>    1. Re: Art and the Cognitive (Is art a human phenomenon?)
>>>       (JOHN TORDAY)
>>>
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 1
>>> Date: Sat, 10 Jan 2026 15:38:02 -0500
>>> From: JOHN TORDAY <jtorday at ucla.edu>
>>> To: fis <fis at listas.unizar.es>
>>> Subject: Re: [Fis] Art and the Cognitive (Is art a human phenomenon?)
>>> Message-ID:
>>>         <CAGyb-D1qFkJnCw0M2UsvOKfqseR=3-Brm-DGJ8-d=
>>> 2fmcT7nag at mail.gmail.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>>>
>>> Dear Laszlo and FIS, when you ask whether art is unique to humans, I
>>> think
>>> you have to ask that question in the context of physiology as the origin
>>> of
>>> consciousness (Torday JS, Miller WB Jr. A systems approach to physiologic
>>> evolution: From micelles to consciousness. J Cell Physiol. 2018
>>> Jan;233(1):162-167.). And in that vein, only humans possess an Area of
>>> Broca that integrates language and locomotion, great apes also having an
>>> Area of Broca, but without language facility. It is the merging of
>>> locomotor and language skills under the aegis of the FoxP2 gene  that is
>>> the origin of Man's facility for art in my opinion, stemming from
>>> bipedalism as positive selection pressure for our overdeveloped central
>>> nervous system (Torday JS. A central theory of biology. Med Hypotheses.
>>> 2015 Jul;85(1):49-57). Perhaps you could comment?
>>>
>>> Best, John
>>>
>>> John S. Torday
>>> Professor of Pediatrics
>>> Obstetrics and Gynecology
>>> Evolutionary Medicine
>>> UCLA
>>>
>>> *Fellow, The European Academy of Science and Arts*
>>>
>>>
>>> On Sat, Jan 10, 2026 at 11:04?AM Marcus Abundis <55mrcs at gmail.com>
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>> > Hi L?szl?,
>>> >
>>> > From your introductory post, and the longer paper's abstract it is not
>>> > clear what we are being asked to consider in your talk. I thought the
>>> > 'whole matter' of art, etc. was a wholly settled matter, often framed
>>> as
>>> > the 'Upper Paleolithic Revolution' (but at times called various
>>> names). The
>>> > advent of cave paintings, etc. was seen as clear evidence for a human
>>> > capacity for abstraction and abstract thought, first arising somewhere
>>> > between 300KYA (first modern humans) and 50KYA (early evident
>>> artifacts).
>>> >
>>> > What exactly are we considering in your talk?
>>> >
>>> > Thank you,
>>> >
>>> > Marcus Abundis
>>> > 55mrcs at gmail.com (best)
>>> > +41 62 844 2193 home (2nd best)
>>> > +41 77 465 8977 (cell)
>>> >
>>> >
>>> > On Fri, Jan 9, 2026 at 9:35?PM Cs?ji L?szl? Kopp?ny <
>>> > csaji.koppany at gmail.com> wrote:
>>> >
>>> >> Dear FIS Colleagues,
>>> >>
>>> >> This is rather a starting point of a conversation than a report of
>>> >> research results; a call to think together and share our thoughts and
>>> >> knowledge. The question in this kick-off text is very simple: Is art a
>>> >> human ability? As a social and cultural anthropologist, I conducted
>>> >> fieldworks in Asia, Africa, and Europe over the last few decades. Art
>>> >> penetrates our everyday life and rituals; just think of the built
>>> >> environment, music, design, literature, fine arts, vernacular arts,
>>> etc. I
>>> >> have recently published a paper that addresses art(s), aiming to
>>> develop a
>>> >> new definition from the perspective of cognitive sciences (see:
>>> Toward a
>>> >> Multidimensional Definition of Art from the Perspective of Cognitive
>>> >> Sciences | MDPI
>>> >> <
>>> https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefense.com%2Fv3%2F__https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F3042-8084%2F2%2F1%2F1__%3B!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Xrv66q4RXEKv2pWONoI8np-mus_kNGSc3EjXMgbnMskwKkNrkjmE_CkucMR_l-mR9kB5LSEAvPHhwXtKfFcx6TrO8g%24&data=05%7C02%7C%7C2c33e0ed545141bee04a08de50884c6c%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C639036743500508650%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=tVP4LM7CrWOYcon0gz4lMCJWH%2FcIDEMUwjsARmI0FSE%3D&reserved=0 
>>> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.mdpi.com/3042-8084/2/1/1__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Xrv66q4RXEKv2pWONoI8np-mus_kNGSc3EjXMgbnMskwKkNrkjmE_CkucMR_l-mR9kB5LSEAvPHhwXtKfFcx6TrO8g$>
>>> >).
>>> >> My attached kick-off text largely relies on this long paper.
>>> >>
>>> >> Numerous attempts to define art have been made from antiquity to the
>>> >> present, yet historical overviews often adopt a Eurocentric (and
>>> >> American-centric) perspective focused mainly on culturally dependent
>>> >> aesthetic approaches. As a universal social and cultural phenomenon,
>>> art
>>> >> resists center-periphery models. Art is not merely a unique
>>> representation
>>> >> of reality, but also an ability to create new realities and thereby
>>> shape
>>> >> society. Art has attracted and accompanied people from the dawn of
>>> history.
>>> >> Some argue that acquiring the ability to create and appreciate art
>>> was one
>>> >> of the few important steps in the process of becoming Homo Sapiens.
>>> Thus,
>>> >> it is a universal phenomenon that spans ages and cultures?arising from
>>> >> something fundamentally human.  However, is it really fundamentally
>>> human?
>>> >> What gives its "merely" human factor? Do our experiences (image) on AI
>>> >> development and its social functions support this idea? Ethologists,
>>> >> cognitive scientists, and psychologists often over-emphasize one
>>> element
>>> >> (e.g., visual symmetry-asymmetry, harmony, beauty, etc.) of art(s)
>>> that
>>> >> seems suitable for their research methods. This seems a pragmatic and
>>> >> reasonable solution, but it easily obscures the ?big picture? and the
>>> core
>>> >> of the problem. Thus, it remains a question how art can be considered
>>> as a
>>> >> human activity. Consequently, artists and scholars have been
>>> preoccupied
>>> >> since ancient times with the question of what art is, or how certain
>>> >> prominent forms of art (visual arts, drama, music, literature, etc.)
>>> work.
>>> >> Nevertheless, the abstract concept of art is not expressed by a notion
>>> >> (word) in every culture. There are significant differences in the use
>>> of
>>> >> the words linked to art. Moreover, the meaning of art has changed
>>> >> continuously and significantly over time, albeit at different rates.
>>> >>
>>> >> The cognitive turn reshaped art theory by reconsidering art as a
>>> >> cognitive dimension of humanity. Art has no limits on who can create
>>> or
>>> >> enjoy it. The ability to use and understand metaphor, for instance,
>>> >> demonstrates everyday human artistic cognition. I introduced a simple
>>> >> vectorial model that aligns closely with the idea of family
>>> resemblance
>>> >> in the sense that cognitive semantics conceives it as a kind of
>>> >> categorization (meaning construction). This a 3D model rather than a
>>> >> simple definition. Since art lacks a single, definitive prototype, no
>>> >> strict, universal definition can capture all its forms in a yes or no
>>> >> spectrum. My filed studies showed me the variability of artistic
>>> >> practices (in craft, value, range of affect, etc.) that can be placed
>>> in
>>> >> different ways within a space (and not a category) of art. In this
>>> model,
>>> >> three coordinates form a space. These vectors (coordinates) are
>>> equally
>>> >> relevant cognitive aspects: 1. Creativity, 2. Communication, 3.
>>> Experience.
>>> >> For further, detailed argumentation see the attached file.
>>> >>
>>> >> Dear FIS members, dear colleagues in different scientific
>>> disciplines! Do
>>> >> you agree or disagree that art is a human ability? If yes or no: what
>>> kind
>>> >> of evidence can we set up for the argumentation?
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >> Best regards,
>>> >>
>>> >>                             L?szl? Kopp?ny Cs?ji
>>> >>
>>> >>
>>> >> P.s. See the attached file for further details and argumentation
>>> >> _______________________________________________
>>> >> Fis mailing list
>>> >> Fis at listas.unizar.es
>>> >>
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