[Fis] The unification of the theories of information based on the cateogry theory

[Loet Leydesdorff]

Dear Terry and colleagues,



In the Biology of Language and Knowledge, Maturana (1978, pp. 56 ff.) 
considered the biologist using biological discourse a super-observer, 
analytically to be distinguished from the languaging animals under 
study. He formulated as follows:

>Human beings can talk about things because they generate the things 
>they talk about by talking about them. That is, human beings can talk 
>about things because they generate them by making distinctions that 
>specify them in a consensual domain, and because, operationally, 
>talking takes place in the same phenomenic domain in which things are 
>defined as relations of relative neuronal activities in a closed 
>neuronal network.
>
>From a biological perspective, not language itself, but “languaging” 
behavior is considered the system of reference. Language, however, is 
generated and reproduced by languaging and therefore a second-order 
domain attributable not to individual agents, but to their 
interactions—that is, their languaging as a first-order domain. 
Different from languaging, language is no longer biological. Cultural 
phenomena emerge on top of the biological ones and then take over 
control. Construction is bottom-up, but once constructed control can be 
expected to operate top-down.

Best,

Loet

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loet Leydesdorff

Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)

loet at leydesdorff.net <mailto:loet at leydesdorff.net>; 
http://www.leydesdorff.net/
Associate Faculty, SPRU, <http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/>University of 
Sussex;

Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ. <http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/>, 
Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC, 
<http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html>Beijing;

Visiting Fellow, Birkbeck <http://www.bbk.ac.uk/>, University of London;

http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en


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