<html><head><style id="signatureStyle"><![CDATA[#x97a10dc76421475 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 p.MsoNormal,#x97a10dc76421475 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 div.MsoNormal{
margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt;
font-size:11pt;
font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;
}
#x97a10dc76421475 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 a:link{
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;
}
#x97a10dc76421475 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 a:visited{
color:#954F72;
text-decoration:underline;
}]]></style><style><![CDATA[@font-face{
font-family:'Cambria Math';
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:roman;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;
}
@font-face{
font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;
mso-font-charset:0;
mso-generic-font-family:swiss;
mso-font-pitch:variable;
mso-font-signature:-5.368599E+08 -1.073732E+09 9 0 511 0;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 p.MsoNormal,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 li.MsoNormal,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 div.MsoNormal{
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:'';
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:0.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 p.MsoNormalCxSpFirst,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 li.MsoNormalCxSpFirst,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 div.MsoNormalCxSpFirst{
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:'';
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:0.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 p.MsoNormalCxSpMiddle,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 li.MsoNormalCxSpMiddle,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 div.MsoNormalCxSpMiddle{
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:'';
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:0.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 p.MsoNormalCxSpLast,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 li.MsoNormalCxSpLast,#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 div.MsoNormalCxSpLast{
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:'';
mso-style-type:export-only;
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:0.0001pt;
mso-add-space:auto;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:12pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:11pt;
font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 .MsoChpDefault{
mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-default-props:yes;
font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:'Times New Roman';
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
}
@page :WordSection1{
size:8.5in 11in;
margin:1in 1in 1in 1in;
mso-header-margin:0.5in;
mso-footer-margin:0.5in;
mso-paper-source:0;
}
#x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47 div.WordSection1{
page:WordSection1;
}]]></style><style id="css_styles" type="text/css"><!--blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt; }--></style></head><body><div><div id="x97d303cc02474cf58c132d6b14b24e47">
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman">Dear Terry and colleagues, </font></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman"><br /></font></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman">In the <i>Biology of Language and Knowledge, </i>Maturana (1978, pp. 56 ff.) considered the biologist using biological discourse a super-observer, analytically to be distinguished from the languaging animals under study. He formulated as follows: </font></p></div></div><blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;"><div><div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman">Human beings can talk about things because they generate the things they talk about by talking about them. That is, human beings can talk about things because they generate them by making distinctions that specify them in a consensual domain, and because, operationally, talking takes place in the same phenomenic domain in which things are defined as relations of relative neuronal activities in a closed neuronal network.</font></p></div></div></blockquote><div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">From a biological perspective, not language itself, but “languaging” behavior is considered the system of reference. Language, however, is generated and reproduced by languaging and therefore a second-order domain attributable not to individual agents, but to their interactions—that is, their languaging as a first-order domain. Different from languaging, language is no longer biological. Cultural phenomena emerge on top of the biological ones and then take over control. Construction is bottom-up, but once constructed control can be expected to operate top-down. </font></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman">Best,</font></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman">Loet</font></p><div id="signature_old"><div id="x97a10dc76421475"><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D">
<hr size="3" width="100%" align="center" />
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Loet
Leydesdorff <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Professor emeritus,
University of Amsterdam<br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">; </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Associate Faculty, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">SPRU, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">University of Sussex; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guest Professor </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Beijing;<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visiting Fellow, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt">Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">,
University of London; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#44546A;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#44546A;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><br /></span></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><br /></p></div><div id="x557a76bbac614fe"><blockquote cite="CAOJbPRK6QcwtYRQAgdh=G3ZXkqA5Drj2Qxv=TS1sQhG01ZconQ@mail.gmail.com" type="cite" class="cite2"><div class="gmail_extra">
</div>
</blockquote></div>
</body></html>