[Fis] definitions of information by Theil (1972) derived from Shnnon (1948); back to the basics?

Tue Jan 24 01:21:53 CET 2023

the definition of information in my book The God Problem: How a Godless Cosmos Creates:

information is anything a sender emits that a receiver can interpret.

the first information appears when the first quarks emerge in the first 10-34 of a second of the big bang.  quarks read each other's social signals of attraction or repulsion and acted on them to gang up in groups of two or three, thus forming protons and neutrons, which also gave off social signals and agglomerated in proton-neutron teams.
with warmth and oomph--howard

-----Original Message-----
From: konstantin lidin <lidinkl at hotmail.com>
To: fis at listas.unizar.es <fis at listas.unizar.es>; Loet Leydesdorff <loet at leydesdorff.net>
Sent: Mon, Jan 23, 2023 1:31 pm
Subject: Re: [Fis] definitions of information by Theil (1972) derived from Shnnon (1948); back to the basics?

#yiv5273111498 P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}Unfortunately, Shannon's definition can only be used in a very narrow class of cases. When we consider any process other than the transmission of a message from the inductor to the recipient, this definition does not work.The most authoritative researchers of the philosophy of information admit that there is still no general definition. The concepts of information in different spheres differ significantly and cannot be combined into something commonly usedBaumgaertner, B., Floridi, L. Introduction: The Philosophy of Information. Topoi 35, 157–159 (2016). https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-016-9370-7__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SF7G5JXMc8-GSyA9M73cIqV-4aBbyx1Miqkuum07uQJZwonWkmPFJxx-99Toj-G0ImuIhVFdzuoh32XXmA$ 
From: Fis <fis-bounces at listas.unizar.es> on behalf of Loet Leydesdorff <loet at leydesdorff.net>
Sent: 23 January 2023 23:29
To: fis at listas.unizar.es <fis at listas.unizar.es>
Subject: [Fis] definitions of information by Theil (1972) derived from Shnnon (1948); back to the basics? <!--#yiv5273111498 #yiv5273111498x_xffee1d4888fa460cb226666f8b0a0764 p.yiv5273111498x_MsoNormal {margin:0in;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;}--><!--#yiv5273111498 #yiv5273111498x_xd0f008326390429 #yiv5273111498x_x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8 a:visited {color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline;}#yiv5273111498 #yiv5273111498x_xd0f008326390429 p.yiv5273111498x_MsoNormal {margin:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman", serif;}#yiv5273111498 #yiv5273111498x_xd0f008326390429 a:link {color:blue;text-decoration:underline;}--><!--#yiv5273111498 blockquote.yiv5273111498x_cite {margin-left:5px;margin-right:0px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:0px;border-left:1px solid #cccccc;}#yiv5273111498 blockquote.yiv5273111498x_cite2 {margin-left:5px;margin-right:0px;padding-left:10px;padding-right:0px;border-left:1px solid #cccccc;margin-top:3px;padding-top:0px;}#yiv5273111498 a img {border:0px;}-->Theil (1972) pp. 1 and 2:1.1. InformationConsider an event E with probability p; the nature of the event is irrelevant. At some point in time we receive a reliable message stating thatE in fact occurred. The question is: How should one measure the amount of information conveyed by this message?InformationSince the question is vague, we shall try to answer it in an intuitive manner. Suppose thatp is close to 1 (e.g., p = .95). Then, one may argue, the message conveys very little information, because it was virtually certain thatE would take place. But suppose that p = .01, so that it is almost certainE will not occur. If E nevertheless does occur, the message stating this will be unexpected and hence contains a great deal of information.
These intuitive ideas suggest that, if we want to measure the information derived from a message in terms of the probabilityp that prevailed before or to the arrival of the message, we should select adecreasingfunction. The function proposed by SHANNON (1948) is when the probability prior to the message is zero) to 0 (zero information when the probability is one).
The unit of information is determined by the base of the logarithm. Frequently 2 is used as a base, which implies that any message concerning a 50-50 event has unit information: h() = log 22 = 1, and information is then said to be measured in binary digits or, for short,bits. When natural logarithms are used, the information unit is anit. 
best, loet
_______________Loet Leydesdorff
"The Evolutionary Dynamics of Discusive Knowledge"(Open Access)Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)loet at leydesdorff.net; https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://www.leydesdorff.net/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SF7G5JXMc8-GSyA9M73cIqV-4aBbyx1Miqkuum07uQJZwonWkmPFJxx-99Toj-G0ImuIhVFdzuqTT5rmVQ$  https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=enORCID:http:**Aorcid.org*0000-0002-7835-3098__;Ly8v!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SF7G5JXMc8-GSyA9M73cIqV-4aBbyx1Miqkuum07uQJZwonWkmPFJxx-99Toj-G0ImuIhVFdzuoCYAJ2RQ$ ;    
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__________________________Howard BloomHowardbloom.netwww.howardbloom.institutetrailer for BRIC-TV's 66-minute film, The Grand Unified Theory of Howard Bloom,  https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://youtu.be/rGkOkChazUQ__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SF7G5JXMc8-GSyA9M73cIqV-4aBbyx1Miqkuum07uQJZwonWkmPFJxx-99Toj-G0ImuIhVFdzup8A-LFaA$  Best Picture, Science Design Film Festival. Best Documentary Feature, Not Film Festival, Italy. Now available  on Apple TV, Amazon, Google Play, Microsoft, Vimeo, Vudu, and Fandango.
Author of: The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition Into the Forces of History ("mesmerizing"-The Washington Post), Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind From The Big Bang to the 21st Century ("reassuring and sobering"-The New Yorker),The Genius of the Beast: A Radical Re-Vision of Capitalism ("A tremendously enjoyable book." James Fallows, National Correspondent, The Atlantic),  The God Problem: How A Godless Cosmos Creates ("Bloom's argument will rock your world." Barbara Ehrenreich),How I Accidentally Started the Sixties (“Wow! Whew! Wild! Wonderful!” Timothy Leary),The Mohammed Code (“A terrifying book…the best book I’ve read on Islam.” David Swindle, PJ Media), andEinstein, Michael Jackson & Me: a Search  for Soul in the Power Pits of Rock & Roll ("Amazing. The writing is revelatory." Freddy DeMann, manager of Michael Jackson and Madonna), Best Book of 2020, New York Weekly Times.A Quartz Magazine ProFormer Visiting Scholar, Graduate Psychology Department, New York University, Former Core Faculty Member, The Graduate Institute; Current Kepler Space University Senior Scholar.Founder: International Paleopsychology Project. Founder, Space Development Steering Committee.  Member Of Board Of Governors, National Space Society. Founding Board Member: Epic of Evolution Society. Founding Board Member, The Darwin Project.
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