[Fis] THE ROOTS OF MODERN CIVILISATION--transformers
Pedro C. Marijuán
pedroc.marijuan at gmail.com
Tue Jan 10 20:33:58 CET 2023
Dear All,
I will develop a couple of aspects, from Plamen and from Ted. Hopefully
they may be interconnected.
In my modest opinion it was a great idea to bring the monastic system
paradigm at the beginning of the NY Lecture. The change of mind in the
historiography about those (dark???) times and the role of monasteries
has been radical. From classics such as Lynn White and Lewis Mumford, to
more recent David Noble, James Hannan, Rodney Stark, Tom Holland, Nancy
M. Brown, Thomas Cahill, etc etc. (some authors in Spanish too, which I
do not consign). One of the most interesting points is that the
monasteries followed an inner organization of knowledge from late Roman
times: the trivium and the quadrivium. They constituted the "Liberal
Arts". It was not bad for connecting with the religious views, but there
was not a single word on a "dishonest" activity: physical & technical
work. So, for the "ora et labora", only the former
religious/intellectual aspect was dignified. Not the latter. Until one
of the monastic figures, Hugh of St Victor in his Didascalicon, decided
to dignify the crucial technical activities of monasteries. The " 7
Mechanical Arts" parallel to the 7 liberal arts were born... So, in our
own terms, _they solved an important imbalance, cultural and
intellectual, between the "sciences" of the time and the applied
"technologies". _ The success of the term was impressive, we are still
talking, centuries later, about "Mechanics".
We suffer nowadays another strong imbalance between hyper-developed
computer and AI techs (Web, social networks, robotics, etc.) and some
infra-developed, scarcely coherent scientific fields--missing a parallel
information body which could bring a new understanding and consistency.
How could this imbalance be solved? Ted speaks about different
historical possibilities that could have transcended the limitations, so
to speak, generated from the reductionist cradle. He mentions the
"information flow". Indeed, for decades, several people, Ted and me
included, have been influenced by the "vertical information flow" from
Michael Conrad. I am currently thinking that it has been a nice &
elegant term, but it badly needed a further step or steps. Otherwise it
was acting as a limit for further advancement. In my opinion, the
information flow, in each dimensional jump, crosses through
"transformers" that reorganize and transform it, leaving it ready for
the next jump. A firm candidate to such transforming capability is "the
cycle" --I think Koichiro may resonate with this. The cycle, either
"natural" or "artificial", becomes an arrangement that may integrate (or
alternative disintegrate) masses of data into a meaningful item.
Best wishes to all,
--Pedro
El 09/01/2023 a las 9:43, Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov escribió:
> Dear Ted,
>
> you have always surprised me with your original, unorthodox approach
> to finding solutions.
>
> On Sun, Jan 8, 2023 at 1:11 AM Ted Goranson <tedgoranson at me.com
> <mailto:tedgoranson at me.com>> wrote:
>
> Plamen —
>
> I am a bit surprised how this has begun, based on our many
> conversations about how modern institutions are broken.
>
> My proclivaty would be to review history with an eye to where we
> went wrong. If we can sort out the way we think about the world
> through accidents of civilization, from more fundamental
> mechanisms, then we can revisit some of those accidents.
>
> Yes, accidents/anomalies/surprises are turning/inflection points in
> history. Important events with a priori uncertain outcome or such that
> ended against the expectations. Also small events with big impact. I
> can recall at least a dozen of them like Constantine’s victory in the
> battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 AD that brought us to where we are
> now in this (shared view of the) universe. Perhaps an AI-based TDA
> tool could systematically explore the huge set of historical data to
> find and classify such events that changed history. Also interesting
> conclusions like those of the existence of supreme powers or destiny
> could be made in such an analysis.
>
> A general candidate is how civilisation spawned the notion of
> ownership, so our mathematical abstractions migrated to properties
> and numbers of objects, and thence to commerce and concepts of value.
>
>
> This is an important remark too, but I don't know if we can change
> this foundation in the way the WEF ideology currently promotes: to own
> nothing and be happy?
> Ownership is not an only human characteristic. Wild animals are
> marking their territory too. Our stone age ancestors would not be
> pleased to share their cave with a family of bears.
>
> These notions of thingness, tense and numeration are assumed to be
> fundamental, and we build our abstractions of agency and thence
> information flow on these. But I hold that this is an accident of
> history.
>
>
> Oliver Heaviside said: "/Mathematics is an experimental science and
> definitions do not come first, but later on. //They make themselves,
> when the nature of the subject has developed itself./” I am inclined
> to share his view.
>
>
> I do modelling professionally as you know, and have my own views
> on where things went wrong in my discipline. Thomas Harriot is a
> godfather of abstract representation in my story. He published
> little because he was constantly being accused of heresy.
>
>
> Interesting reference.
> Mayne you can find more of his writings here:
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/content/scientific_revolution/harriot__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UPNz0iaNsQvRLFF_ZIjnndU5NILo-e3VzJPim2X_7JNsN_4Wn_sqqWKqn_LtxlLRRULtTSXaRZu5NKH0nFGKilDF43r2$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/content/scientific_revolution/harriot__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!VCu1M2dfm5745omNA3V8fc1N_612iJD6CPNs2Ekhf9IjJcJNLl8Jai8MoL6ued711_SA5rrfpCytppytRDMye9mzDfMR$>.
>
> For example, he wintered with a specific trading group of native
> americans in 1585–86 and reported that they had a coherent world
> view — described in kaballistic terms — but without a Jesus. He
> saw creatures not enumerated in the bible and therefore officially
> could not exist.
>
>
> Yes, without breaking rules and dogmas science would not be what it is
> today.
> Here is where also language in native cultures comes. Have you read
> David Peat’s “Blackfoot Physics”?
> But this has become a much broader subject now.
>
>
> His nuanced notion of equality/equivalence may have been
> profoundly more useful for us today — what we have called
> introspective intuitionistic phenomenalism using modern labels.
>
>
> Yes. But why not reintroducing it?
>
> But Newton overrode that notion with a simpler enumerable
> equality. That’s an inflection point that has crippled us,
>
>
> Definitely. This happened many time in many fields. That’s why we have
> to examine these foundations and reintroduce lost concepts.
>
> I believe. I think there may be many others, and it takes a
> Kolmogorov or Voevodsky to see around those limiting abstractions.
>
>
> Can we change the direction of history by correcting and reinventing
> science?
>
>
> So, I would see simple assumptions about the written word,
> spiritual ‘truth', and deistic agency more as problems than
> something to celebrate and honour, well before we note governing
> conventions (rulers, slaves, taxes, and state religions). If we
> assume that there are better ways to think about the world (and
> information flow is central to that), we have to think about why
> we aren’t naturally already there. Some of these great men hurt us
> by developing attractive abstractions.
>
>
> So, you question the entire approach to search back for
> lessons/recipes/patterns about how to solve the crises we experience
> today with a distinct historical period and focus? I don’t mind. This
> is valid, although it changes the subject of the discussion. What you
> suggest is a good candidate for another discussion topic. The great
> men who hurt us continue doing so. Perhaps we should get rid of their
> agency first.
>
> Best,
>
> Plamen
>
>
> — Ted
> _______________
> Ted Goranson
>
>
> > On 8 Jan 2023, at 8:40 am, Dai Griffiths
> <dai.griffiths.1 at gmail.com <mailto:dai.griffiths.1 at gmail.com>> wrote:
> >
> > Dear Plamen,
> > I agree that it is important to recognise the value of monastic
> culture in the ‘dark ages’ and medieval period, and its continuing
> influence on Western culture. As you point out, in many ways the
> Catholic church is a continuation of the Roman Empire by other
> means (a man in a robe sits on a throne in Rome and issues
> commands). However, I am unconvinced that this is the entirely
> positive thing that you seem to suggest. Indeed, you mention that
> “Holland, France and England became colonial powers dominating the
> sea trade, yet at the price of slavery and exploiting the native
> population”, and slavery was certainly an example set by the Roman
> Empire. More generally, the Roman Empire was built on central
> authority and power, and the Catholic Church was constructed on
> these foundations, grafting them onto the decentralised and
> contemplative traditions of the early church. Intuitively, most
> people within traditionally Christian countries assume, with
> Pelagius (c. 354–418), that you get into heaven by doing good
> things. But this is not compatible with an imperial church, as you
> no longer need priests to achieve salvation, and hence have no
> authority or power over the population. Augustine succeeded in
> winning the argument with Pelagius, and establishing the doctrine
> of original sin, which can only be overcome through the grace of
> God, which is transmitted through priests. Hence infants need to
> be baptised to avoid being condemned to purgatory until the second
> coming. This is the doctrinal mechanism whereby imperial authority
> was maintained by the church. Unsurprisingly, Pelagius was
> condemned as a heretic. It is worth meditating on this a little:
> “If you live a good life you go to heaven” is heretical to the
> Catholic Church. I certainly find the implications to be horrendous.
> > As a Welsh person, I am aware of Pelagius because he was a Celt
> (Wales, Ireland and Brittany compete for the honour or infamy of
> being his birthplace). The Celtic church was monastic (think of
> the Book of Kells), and in Wales it was a direct continuation of
> the Roman church in Roman occupied Britain. The Welsh church
> maintained a decentralised, Pelagian tradition until the
> annexation of Wales by the English in 1534. So there is nothing
> inevitable about the imperial nature of the church.
> > In 1276 Ramon Llull established a monastic school in Mallorca,
> five kilometres from where I am typing these words (see
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Contributions/article/download/95275/411648__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64R9RWe12$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.raco.cat/index.php/Contributions/article/download/95275/411648__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64R9RWe12$>
> ). There, the students (Franciscan Minors) studied Arabic, and I
> believe also Greek and Hebrew, in line with Llull’s belief that
> the three ‘peoples of the book’ (Christians, Muslims and Jews)
> could be reconciled through learning and logical discourse. For
> his efforts Llull was excommunicated by the church, and conversion
> in Christianity and Islam remained linked to imperial conquest.
> Current events in Israel, Nigeria, and other countries are
> illustrating the consequences of failing to attend to his vision.
> In our time I have found Karen Armstrong’s writing valuable in
> underlining the common foundations of the major religions.
> > I believe these examples help us “recognize the patterns that
> let us down before and now” which you mention. They help us
> consider how the Christian church in general, and monasticism in
> particular, could have evolved if Christianity had not taken on
> the trappings and political imperatives of the Roman Empire. The
> benefits of monasticism which you describe could still have been
> achieved, and perhaps we could have sidestepped some of the most
> noxious manifestations of authoritarian social structures and the
> “clash of civilizations”.
> >
> > On Fri, 6 Jan 2023 at 12:50, Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov
> <plamen.l.simeonov at gmail.com <mailto:plamen.l.simeonov at gmail.com>>
> wrote:
> > Dear Colleagues,
> >
> > I wish you a HAPPY; HEALTHY AND PEACEFUL NEW YEAR 2023 !
> >
> > It is my pleasure to announce, -- also on behalf of our generous
> and hard-working host Pedro C. Marijuan who has provided us with
> this forum of wonderful exchange for so many years (Hallelujah!),
> -- the opening of our New Year's discussion session under the
> topic THE ROOTS OF CIVILISATION. that will end on January 31st, 2023.
> >
> > I am eager and curious to read your ideas. Please feel free to
> share whatever comes to your mind.
> >
> > Here is the abstract with the focus and some idea we can
> extract/expect at the end:
> >
> > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >
> > THE ROOTS OF MODERN (WESTERN / EUROPEAN) CIVILISATION
> > INTRO: We are living today in uncertain times with multiple
> overlapping human-made crises which an advanced civilization is
> supposed to anticipate and prevent -- ecology, epidemics,
> overpopulation, economy with disproportional energy and resources
> consume, cultural and generational polarization, even questioning
> science, moral values and an individual’s identity. Furthermore,
> ideologically led old ghost teachings of division, conflict and
> confrontation among social groups and utopic tech visions for
> remodeling and resetting the world with unpredictable consequences
> are contributing to the overall confusion and wrong choices, thus
> deepening the crises even more. Could we look back at the past for
> some lessons?
> > THE MAGISTERY OF HISTORY: There have been many episodes of
> civilization crises along human history. Each one of them has left
> a "recipe" in our collective memory of how to overcome it. Maybe
> this time things have become too complex and multi-faceted, like
> society itself. Or maybe an evil intention is lurking behind?
> There are so many different aspects at multiple levels in social
> life all over the world that have been increasingly challenged by
> our tunnel vision on technology oriented towards more
> production/profit and less cleaning/reuse/benevolence, away from a
> stable equilibrium (“homeostasis”). They need to be reorganized
> coherently and in a commonly agreeable way, not in one imposed by
> self-proclaimed authorities who got used to changing long
> established definitions and rules of conduct following their own
> agenda. This takes time, of course, as it has always been. What
> about looking for lessons to learn from the past, or at least to
> obtain some orientation in order to make the right decisions in
> this difficult time? This appears to be more reasonable than
> starting to invent novel directive-guided solutions from scratch
> deploying not yet proven as safe technologies in a trial-and-error
> fashion. We have an intriguing proposal for you. Let us focus on a
> fascinating period in human history and find out how the Western
> world was rebuilt and reintegrated from the ruins of the Roman
> Empire.
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=1708__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64aOPdYgA$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?entryid=1708__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64aOPdYgA$>
>
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://aeon.co/essays/how-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire-paved-the-road-to-modernity__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64YgrveBt$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://aeon.co/essays/how-the-fall-of-the-roman-empire-paved-the-road-to-modernity__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64YgrveBt$>
>
> > THE MONASTIC SYSTEM - A GREAT IDEA. A handful of people may be
> credited with the design and realization of this truly
> civilization project. During its golden ages, Rome was defended by
> more than 200,000 legionaries, but after its fall in 466 AD they
> were replaced by other, more powerful spiritual warriors. They
> gradually covered the fragmented (Western) Europe and expanded
> Christianity through missionaries in the North by a coherent space
> of several thousand Catholic Benedictine monasteries that
> peacefully preserved and cultivated education, technology,
> economy, medicine, law, art and moral values that integrated the
> wisdom of the classical antiquity (Rom and Greece) and enlightened
> the local communities through the Dark Ages. Their success in
> ameliorating and guiding the human spirit paved the way for the
> urban "cloisters" of universities during the Renaissance Era (XII
> century ff.) where the seeds of science found their fruitful
> grounds to grow. Thus, several major crises, incl. alien
> invasions, the plague, internecine wars and famines were overcome
> thanks to this new resilient social scaffold.
> >
> > In Eastern Europe, the Roman-Byzantine Empire in Constantinople,
> although shrunk through the waves of plague and foreign invasions,
> survived for almost 1000 years thanks to expanding Christianity
> and culture to its new neighbor and rival, but also ally at times
> in the North, the Bulgarian Empire. The latter developed the
> Cyrillic alphabet during the IX century AD, translated the holy
> books/prayers/songs in their language and began disseminating them
> to the other Slavic people in today’s territories of Serbia and
> Montenegro, Wallachia (Romania), Ukraine and Russia. When the
> Bulgarian 3 kingdoms and Constantinople surrendered in 1396 AD and
> 1453 AD to the Ottoman Empire, the conquered people on the Balkan
> peninsula continued to exist spiritually through a growing network
> of Christian Orthodox monasteries that kept the local communities
> together and finally led them to freedom through the national
> liberation movements in the XIX century.
> >
> > Both Eastern and Western Europe endured those crises, calamities
> and invasions because they maintained firm, sound civilization
> roots based on the monastic system, the universities and schools
> as education centers, and later on industrial corporations. From
> today’s viewpoint the monastic system is analogous to a modern
> resilient, redundant, fault-tolerant and flexibly configurable
> computer network, particularly with respect to its data storage
> and processing resources, capable of self-diagnosis and
> self-healing, a critical infrastructure per se. If a monastery was
> destroyed or burned, the monks escaped with most of their valuable
> books and artefacts via safe routes to neighboring monasteries,
> where they could be preserved, replicated and distributed again.
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64Y9yxsV4$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_script__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64Y9yxsV4$>
>
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/boyana-church__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64WhsHUzh$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.thebyzantinelegacy.com/boyana-church__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64WhsHUzh$>
>
> > THE SUCCESS OF THE WESTERN WORLD: Arguably, what we call
> cultural Renaissance followed by scientific and industrial
> revolutions were an evolutive product of medieval society and the
> era of great geographical discoveries in the New Worlds beyond
> Europe, North Africa and Asia. Quite probably, they were only
> possible thanks to the first missionary globalization and peaceful
> goods exchange along the silk trade route following the pattern of
> the Antique World trade across the territories surrounding the
> Mediterranean Sea. Spain and Portugal brought to Europe not only
> spices and silk, but also fundamental technologies from Asia (gun
> powder, magnetic compass, paper, porcelain), and later on a
> regular maritime trade routes from China via Philippines and
> Mexico over the Atlantic that were active for more than 250 years
> before Holland, France and England became colonial powers
> dominating the sea trade, yet at the price of slavery and
> exploiting the native population. The further role of science and
> technology in the task of changing Western societies was awesome,
> perhaps with the infamous Cartesian breach between science and the
> humanities, which no doubt has delivered a biased conception of
> our rationality limits and led to awful ideological
> misunderstandings that are absent in oriental civilizations.
> > BACK TO THE PROBLEMS OF OUR TIME
> > And here we are. In a world that again faces illnesses and
> adverse events from their anecdotic treatment to ask: “How is the
> state of our civilization and our roots today? What do we identify
> with today? Do we recognize the patterns that let us down before
> and now? Do we know what can reconcile and heal our multi-facetted
> society?”
> > We modestly, as scientists recognizing the societal immune
> system, acknowledge the fact that we have the duty to contribute
> to recovering the system with coherent visions illuminating the
> "forking paths ahead" (as Borges put it). First of all, on our own
> turf -- the flagrant incoherence and misunderstandings around most
> fields where information and communication, meaning and knowledge,
> as well as collective intelligence need to be cleared up and
> nailed down. We need to clean up our own backyard on this planet
> and evolve to a new level, -- not necessarily a purely
> technocratic one, -- before we set off for new missions in space
> and meeting other civilizations out there.
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://interestingliterature.com/2021/07/jorge-luis-borges-the-garden-of-forking-paths-summary-analysis/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64Xa-BmVX$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://interestingliterature.com/2021/07/jorge-luis-borges-the-garden-of-forking-paths-summary-analysis/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64Xa-BmVX$>
>
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/william-shatner-space-boldly-go-excerpt-1235395113/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64R14_NwY$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://variety.com/2022/tv/news/william-shatner-space-boldly-go-excerpt-1235395113/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64R14_NwY$>
>
> >
> > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >
> > With best wishes,
> >
> > Plamen
> >
> > ___ ___ ___
> > Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov
> > Director Research Integral Biomathics
> > InBioCe – Integral Biomathics Centre phone1: +1 (213) 822-7245
> > phone2: +49 173 7816 337
> > email: plamen at simeio.org <mailto:plamen at simeio.org>
> > URLs:
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.linkedin.com/in/plamenlsimeonov/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64XcYRBRN$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.linkedin.com/in/plamenlsimeonov/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64XcYRBRN$>
>
> > simeio.org
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://simeio.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!VCu1M2dfm5745omNA3V8fc1N_612iJD6CPNs2Ekhf9IjJcJNLl8Jai8MoL6ued711_SA5rrfpCytppytRDMye_xwUZ9g$>
> | ibiomath.org
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://ibiomath.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!VCu1M2dfm5745omNA3V8fc1N_612iJD6CPNs2Ekhf9IjJcJNLl8Jai8MoL6ued711_SA5rrfpCytppytRDMye2XfH_Wt$>
> | inbiosa.eu
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://inbiosa.eu__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!VCu1M2dfm5745omNA3V8fc1N_612iJD6CPNs2Ekhf9IjJcJNLl8Jai8MoL6ued711_SA5rrfpCytppytRDMyeyQR9C2D$>
> > OurWorldInData.org/coronavirus
> >
> https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://groups.google.com/d/forum/covid-19-therapy__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64fFGFFfN$
> <https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://groups.google.com/d/forum/covid-19-therapy__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RLJhQZSJ_JM0C75p5v2cD1xgo03gtJlx6TSilEc2pOw-55j69Ykq2HLHNoJPVu-vHBnv4p6S8Gj64fFGFFfN$>
>
> >
> >
> > Orcid ID:
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