[Fis] 10 Principles

[Loet Leydesdorff]

Dear Krassimir,



I find it difficult to follow. I added some comments and questions?



Best,

Loet



1. Information is a primary concept

2. Information is a secondary concept

1. Information  can be considered as  information, neither matter nor 
energy.

Matter is expressed as mass (e.g. kilograms). Energy in Watts; 
information in dimensionless bits.

1. Information is a class of reflections in material entities. Not every 
reflection is information. Only subjectively comprehended reflections 
are information. Not comprehended reflections are data.

Why subjectively? Why “data” instead of information.



It seems that there can be mutual information between information and 
reflections? -:)

2. Information is comprehended into structures, patterns, messages, or 
flows. What do you mean with “comprehended”? Who is comprehending?

2. Reflections may be comprehended as structures, patterns, messages, 
flows, etc.

What is reflected by whom

Or is this universally the case?

3. Information can be recognized, can be measured, and can be  processed 
(either computationally or non-computationally).

3. Reflections can be recognized, can be measured—what is the 
dimensionality? How can it be measured? , and can be processed (either 
computationally or non-computationally).

The measurement is not clear.

4. Information (it seems to me that these are entropy and energy flows) 
flows are essential organizers of life's self-production 
processes--anticipating, shaping, and mixing up (vague) with the 
accompanying energy flows.

4. Reflection flows are essential organizers of life's self-production 
processes--anticipating, shaping, and mixing up with the accompanying 
energy flows.

5. Communication/information exchanges among adaptive life-cycles 
underlie the complexity of biological organizations at all 
scales.Perhaps even beyond biology.

5. Communication is based on special kind of reflections created by one 
entity and reflected by a second one. This way, the reflections 
comprehended as information by the first entity may be secondary 
reflected by the second one. Such information exchanges among adaptive 
life-cycles underlie the complexity of biological organizations at all 
scales.





--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Loet Leydesdorff

Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)

loet en leydesdorff.net <mailto:loet en leydesdorff.net>; 
http://www.leydesdorff.net/
Associate Faculty, SPRU, <http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/>University of 
Sussex;

Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ. <http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/>, 
Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC, 
<http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html>Beijing;

Visiting Fellow, Birkbeck <http://www.bbk.ac.uk/>, University of London;

http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en
ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098;

------ Original Message ------
From: "Krassimir Markov" <markov en foibg.com>
To: "FIS" <fis en listas.unizar.es>
Sent: 6/28/2020 3:46:22 PM
Subject: [Fis] 10 Principles

>
>Dear Marcus and FIS Colleagues,
>From my point of view the main choice which has to be made in the very 
>beginning is between two opposite cases:
>1. Information is a primary concept
>2. Information is a secondary concept
>This is fundamental choice which cause all further work.
>
>As I already had pointed, if information is a primary concept than no 
>theories about information can be created. One may create many other 
>theories for EVERYTHING but not for information. Only infinite variety 
>of examples may be created but not fruitful theory and discussions. For 
>instance, the religious approach belong to this class.
>
>The second case gives us possibility to create theories ABOUT 
>information starting from one or more other primary concepts.
>I prefer the second case. The primary concepts I have used are Entity 
>and Relationship (http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol14/ijita14-1-p01.pdf), 
>and Reflection as a result of interaction between entities.
>
>To illustrate the difference between two cases, let see the first 5 
>principles of Pedro in the two variants:
>
>
>1. Information is a primary concept
>
>2. Information is a secondary concept
>
>1. Information is information, neither matter nor energy.
>
>1. Information is a class of reflections in material entities. Not 
>every reflection is information. Only subjectively comprehended 
>reflections are information. Not comprehended reflections are data.
>
>2. Information is comprehended into structures, patterns, messages, or 
>flows.
>
>2. Reflections may be comprehended as structures, patterns, messages, 
>flows, etc.
>
>3. Information can be recognized, can be measured, and can be  
>processed (either computationally or non-computationally).
>
>3. Reflections can be recognized, can be measured, and can be processed 
>(either computationally or non-computationally).
>
>4. Information flows are essential organizers of life's self-production 
>processes--anticipating, shaping, and mixing up with the accompanying 
>energy flows.
>
>4. Reflection flows are essential organizers of life's self-production 
>processes--anticipating, shaping, and mixing up with the accompanying 
>energy flows.
>
>5. Communication/information exchanges among adaptive life-cycles 
>underlie the complexity of biological organizations at all scales.
>
>5. Communication is based on special kind of reflections created by one 
>entity and reflected by a second one. This way, the reflections 
>comprehended as information by the first entity may be secondary 
>reflected by the second one. Such information exchanges among adaptive 
>life-cycles underlie the complexity of biological organizations at all 
>scales.
>
>
>I am afraid that many of FIS members prefer the first case.
>I do not know who prefer the second one beside me. If such ones exist, 
>please write to me and we will continue the productive common work.
>
>Friendly greetings
>Krassimir
>
>
>
>
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