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</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Dear Jorge,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Thank you for
your
comments and supporting assessment. Your points: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">1. Yes, but in
my paper I have collected all evidence
available to me so far. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">2. I fear that
behavioural data or soft tissue will
hardly become available from early hominins. Causally
convincing, internally
consistent hypothetical models covering as many evidence as
possible seems to
be the most promising way forward at the time being. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">3. The
grandmother hypothesis as such is well established
in the community. Early menopause caused by contraception caused
by bipedal gait
is my new argument. It is supported by human ovulation experts. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">4. There are
numerous sociologists (rather than me) who
work on contemporary human behaviour. My scenario may hopefully
add some “grain
of salt” to their investigations.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Rainer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:
normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Am 13.02.2026 um 23:03 schrieb Jorge
Navarro
López:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Dear Dr. Feistel,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Thank you for this stimulating and
conceptually
ambitious contribution. Your integration of ritualisation
theory, biosemiotics,
and hominin evolution offers a provocative framework for
interpreting permanent
human breasts as ritualised sexual symbols emerging from
breastfeeding as a
prior use-activity. Framing sexual morphology and behaviour as
components of
evolving information systems is particularly compelling within
the FIS context.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">In the spirit of constructive dialogue, I
would
like to raise a few points that may help clarify and further
strengthen the
proposal:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
DE"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Causal sequence and
empirical
grounding.<br>
The proposed chain, from bipedalism to earlier weaning,
suppression of oestrus
swelling, coercive mating dynamics, and the evolution of
permanent adipose
breasts, is theoretically coherent but empirically demanding.
Each step implies
specific selective pressures that would ideally require
converging support from
fossil, comparative primate, developmental, or genetic evidence.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
DE"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Proto-use activity and
ritualisation.<br>
The hypothesis that close visual or tactile “inspection” of
nipples or genitals
functioned as an adaptive fertility-detection activity later
ritualised into
courtship behaviour is intriguing. Comparative data from extant
primates,
however, would be important to substantiate this proposed
transitional stage.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
DE"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Menstruation and
menopause
within life-history theory.<br>
The suggested link between contraceptive behaviour, recurrent
futile ovulation,
menstruation, and a lowered menopause age appears to depart from
prevailing
life-history explanations, including standard formulations of
the grandmother
hypothesis. Clarifying how this model complements or revises
existing
frameworks would sharpen its theoretical positioning.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:72.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;
tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
DE"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span
style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Extension to
contemporary
social phenomena.<br>
While evolutionary legacies may shape behavioural
predispositions, present-day
sexual conflict and demographic patterns are strongly mediated
by cultural,
economic, and institutional factors. A multi-level explanatory
perspective may
therefore help avoid possible biological overextension.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Despite these open questions, the
strength of
your contribution lies in proposing a unified causal narrative
rather than
isolated adaptive accounts. By situating human sexual morphology
and behaviour
within an informational and semiotic framework, you invite
precisely the kind
of interdisciplinary exchange that FIS aims to foster.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">I look forward to further elaboration and
discussion of the empirical and theoretical implications of this
model.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:DE">Best regards,</span><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-language:DE"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
line-height:normal"><span
style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-language:
DE">Jorge</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:
minor-latin"> </span></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 13.02.2026 um 23:03 schrieb Jorge
Navarro López:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:36166266-8755-4b01-b56b-dfc253af97b7@unizar.es">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Dear Dr. Feistel,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Thank you for this
stimulating and conceptually ambitious contribution. Your
integration of ritualisation theory, biosemiotics, and hominin
evolution offers a provocative framework for interpreting
permanent human breasts as ritualised sexual symbols emerging
from breastfeeding as a prior use-activity. Framing sexual
morphology and behaviour as components of evolving information
systems is particularly compelling within the FIS context.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">In the spirit of
constructive dialogue, I would like to raise a few points that
may help clarify and further strengthen the proposal:</span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span
lang="EN-GB">Causal sequence and empirical grounding.<br>
The proposed chain, from bipedalism to earlier weaning,
suppression of oestrus swelling, coercive mating dynamics,
and the evolution of permanent adipose breasts, is
theoretically coherent but empirically demanding. Each step
implies specific selective pressures that would ideally
require converging support from fossil, comparative primate,
developmental, or genetic evidence.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span
lang="EN-GB">Proto-use activity and ritualisation.<br>
The hypothesis that close visual or tactile “inspection” of
nipples or genitals functioned as an adaptive
fertility-detection activity later ritualised into courtship
behaviour is intriguing. Comparative data from extant
primates, however, would be important to substantiate this
proposed transitional stage.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span
lang="EN-GB">Menstruation and menopause within life-history
theory.<br>
The suggested link between contraceptive behaviour,
recurrent futile ovulation, menstruation, and a lowered
menopause age appears to depart from prevailing life-history
explanations, including standard formulations of the
grandmother hypothesis. Clarifying how this model
complements or revises existing frameworks would sharpen its
theoretical positioning.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"
style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt"><span
lang="EN-GB">Extension to contemporary social phenomena.<br>
While evolutionary legacies may shape behavioural
predispositions, present-day sexual conflict and demographic
patterns are strongly mediated by cultural, economic, and
institutional factors. A multi-level explanatory perspective
may therefore help avoid possible biological overextension.</span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Despite these open
questions, the strength of your contribution lies in proposing
a unified causal narrative rather than isolated adaptive
accounts. By situating human sexual morphology and behaviour
within an informational and semiotic framework, you invite
precisely the kind of interdisciplinary exchange that FIS aims
to foster.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I look forward to further
elaboration and discussion of the empirical and theoretical
implications of this model.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Best regards,</span></p>
<p>Jorge</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">El 11/02/2026 a las 11:08, Rainer
Feistel (IOW) escribió:<br>
</div>
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<![endif]--> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
lang="EN-GB"
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">FIS:
Foundations of Information Science</span></b><span
lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB"> (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a
href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://fis.sciforum.net/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!TC2CF1FSxOwksszfRibYo-j0C5j9X5Cs5vqGu7HETa00ZgkgNYYHGXR8xptIeqtIIXPKzi_jI3a9XLFc541ei259VdY$"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">https://fis.sciforum.net/</a></span>)
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Discussion kickoff
narrative by Rainer Feistel, 11 Feb 2026</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Emergence
of Human Sexual Behaviour</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Natural evolution invented
symbols as information carriers, universally exploited by
any living being in various forms. As a rule,
self-organised symbols appear by ritualisation, a
qualitative transition from behavioural use-activities to
related signal-activities, as discovered by Julian Huxley
in 1914. Numerous novel and unparalleled symbols emerged
in the course of anthropogenesis. Sex symbols, or
courtship habits, are typically unambiguous intra-species
information tools, governing the species’ reproduction
behaviour by starting and terminating the mating season.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Permanent adipose mammary
glands recognised as sex symbols are unique to humans
only. If those emerged by a ritualisation transition, what
may have been the use activity they had originated from?
Anatomically, the most likely such activity is
breastfeeding. However, lactating female mammals are
generally infertile and typically avoid any mating
activities in favour of their childcare. “The verdict is
still out on why the permanent breast evolved in humans”
wrote Deena Emera yet in 2024.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Fossil and genetic
evidence is consistent with the plausible hypothesis that
the last common ancestor (LCA) of humans and great apes
lived about 7 million years ago and was similar to recent
chimpanzees. The sexual behaviour of the latter, however,
is very distinct from that of humans. Female chimps
breastfeed their offspring, carried on their back, for
about five years. Premature weaning poses a high lethal
risk to the helpless infant. After weaning, females
develop a prominent anogenital swelling as a sex symbol
that invites males to mate. It is exclusively then that
males show relevant sexual interest, and preferably in old
“ugly” females. How may human sex life have evolved from
such foreign roots during a relatively short period of
history? Likely, the radical change was enforced by
violent selective pressure.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">When the LCA gradually
turned to bipedalism, carrying older, heavier infants on
the back became impractical and weaning occurred earlier,
with increasing risks for the offspring and generally
reduced reproduction rates. Females suppressing the
fertility swelling protected the toddler by preventing
early pregnancy. Males responded with permanent sexual
interest also in non-swollen females. Females reacted with
repulsive frigidity, males in turn with coercive mating.
Already from a distance, ostentatious adipose breasts,
perfectly imitating lactating ones, prevented coercive
male approaches, who in return started closer visual,
manual or oral inspection of the nipples in order to check
fertility and reveal the possible fake. Successful
contraception by fertile females caused periodic futile
ovulation and subsequent regular menstruation. The
resulting ovary depletion lowered the menopause age into
the lifespan, so that old females became infertile and
could take care of their grandchildren when the mother
became pregnant too soon. This grandmother effect raised
the reproduction rate substantially, supporting enhanced
migration pressure on the younger generation. The previous
inspection of female nipples and genitals was no longer a
necessary use-activity and turned into a courtship habit
of humans by a ritualisation transition, similar to that
of waterfowls originally discovered by Huxley. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">This is a speculative
narrative of how the ritualisation of human sexual
behaviour was possibly caused by the transition to bipedal
gait. The genetic heritage of those old days may still
influence the social behaviour of modern humans and may be
part of contemporary sexual conflicts, such as sexual
harassment, high divorce rates or declining birth numbers
in liberal societies. Causal mental models are key for
understanding the origin of such problems rather than just
lamenting and deprecating their symptoms. Finding suitable
compromises between mutually inconsistent sexual interests
may provide a challenging but promising future solution,
rather than implementing restrictive, one-sided
patriarchal or matriarchal social suppression systems. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span
lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Further
reading</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Feistel, R. (2025):
Bipedalism, childhood, and ritualisation of human sexual
behaviour: A hominin model scenario of ontogenetic
selection. BioSystems 257, 105598. <span
class="anchor-text"><u><span style="color:blue"><a
href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105598__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!TC2CF1FSxOwksszfRibYo-j0C5j9X5Cs5vqGu7HETa00ZgkgNYYHGXR8xptIeqtIIXPKzi_jI3a9XLFc541eOyxoBfw$"
target="_blank"
title="Persistent link using digital object identifier"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:
blue">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2025.105598</span></a></span></u></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB">Feistel, R. (2023): On the
Evolution of Symbols and Prediction Models. Biosemiotics
16, 311–371. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a
href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-023-09528-9__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!TC2CF1FSxOwksszfRibYo-j0C5j9X5Cs5vqGu7HETa00ZgkgNYYHGXR8xptIeqtIIXPKzi_jI3a9XLFc541eNp-bGc4$"
class="moz-txt-link-freetext" moz-do-not-send="true">https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-023-09528-9</a></span>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"
style="mso-ansi-language:EN-GB"> </span></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Note: New Email Address: <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="mailto:rainer.feistel@iow.de" moz-do-not-send="true">rainer.feistel@iow.de</a>
Dr. rer. nat. habil. Rainer Feistel
Physicist (emeritus)
PS Gustav Hertz Prize, Berlin 1981
CITAC Best Paper Award, Paris 2011
IAPWS Honorary Fellow, London 2013
BIPM Metrologia Highlight Articles, Paris 2016
EGU Fridtjof Nansen Medal, Vienna 2018
LS Daniel Ernst Jablonski Medal, Berlin 2021
IAPWS Gibbs Award, Boulder, Co., 2024</pre>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
<pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
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Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a
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moz-do-not-send="true">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.
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moz-do-not-send="true">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
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</blockquote>
<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
<pre wrap="" class="moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
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<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Note: New Email Address: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rainer.feistel@iow.de">rainer.feistel@iow.de</a>
Dr. rer. nat. habil. Rainer Feistel
Physicist (emeritus)
PS Gustav Hertz Prize, Berlin 1981
CITAC Best Paper Award, Paris 2011
IAPWS Honorary Fellow, London 2013
BIPM Metrologia Highlight Articles, Paris 2016
EGU Fridtjof Nansen Medal, Vienna 2018
LS Daniel Ernst Jablonski Medal, Berlin 2021
IAPWS Gibbs Award, Boulder, Co., 2024</pre>
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