<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Non-omnipotent remarks below.</div><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Recall the famous diagram of John Wheeler who drew a large letter U and placed an eye on the left branch of the U and and an indication of the Big Bang happening on the right side. The question is: given that “a phenomenon is only possible, not actual, until it is an observed phenomenon” when does the universe become actual? This for Wheeler was the correlate of Jason’s question: “ when does consciousness emerge?”.<br class=""><div class="">LK<br class=""><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Dec 5, 2025, at 8:42 PM, Jason Hu <<a href="mailto:jasonthegoodman@gmail.com" class="">jasonthegoodman@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Dear omnipotent FIS colleagues, I have a question to learn from you:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">If the Big Bang Theory is correct (or if it has to be correct since we do have an alternative),</div></div></div></blockquote>Must we assume that BBT is correct to ask your questions?</div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">1- When did gravity emerge? (and how)</div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div>I like (for now) the Einstein theory of general relativity.</div><div class="">Then, once you have empty space with metric you have curvature tensors and so you have gravity.</div><div class="">But when do you get “empty space”? Please read “Three Roads to Quantum Gravity” by Lee Smolin for an account of theories that would produce the properties of spacetime from more primitive processes related to spin networks.<br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">2- When did water emerge? (in the cosmos, and in our solar system, and on our earth)?</div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div>The more general question is when and how and in what order do molecules emerge from the high energy stuff at the beginning of the Big Bang. I expect you will find a lot of stories. But questions like how did DNA molecule come to be are surely unknown.</div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">3- We roughly know when in our planet's life emerges, but when did consciousness emerge?</div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div>When did consciousness emerge. Maybe not yet. I am not being sarcastic. I think we do not know what is meant by consciousness.</div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">4- Did "information" emerge before or after consciousness? (I assume after, correct me IIAW.)</div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div>We would like information to include more than measures of just mathematical patterns and channel capacity. But then you have to do cybernetics. I do not object to this. When signals (please excuse me) or texts come to a cognizant observer then the “information” becomes effective in releasing actions on the part of the observer. Thus information is related to potential energy at the cusp of its being “understood” by a cognizer. This is complex and very important.</div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">I would like to see if any of our FIS colleagues here has answers before consulting GGC (Grok/Gemini/ChatGPT).</div></div></div></blockquote><div class=""><br class=""></div>You will get very even handed remarks by the AI on all of this.</div><div class="">If you do consult the AI, please make a document of its replies and send to us.</div><div class=""><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-size:large">Many thanks! - Jason  </div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Dec 4, 2025 at 11:51 AM Pedro C. Marijuán <<a href="mailto:pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com" class="">pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><u class=""></u>

  
    
    
  
  <div class="">
    <div class="">Dear FIS Colleagues,</div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">Except some over-generalizations, I
      basically agree with John's. Gravity is not just a force out
      there, it is the fundamental fabric of the cosmos we live in. In
      our planet, all realms of life feel it and "live" it. Bacteria,
      zooplankton, phytoplankton, invertebrates, vertebrates, plants...
      It is another "water" of life-- remember <span class="">"Water is life's matter and matrix, mother
        and medium. There is no life without water"</span> <span class="">by Albert Szent-Gyorgyi</span>,
      the Nobel Prize-winning biochemist. So, gravity is not only within
      the adaptive physiology of vertebrates so well described by John,
      it is in an infinity of details in every realm of nature. 
      Emphasizing the impact of this crucial field on life is really
      needed given its general neglect. Incidentally, the ongoing
      discussion on 31/ATLAS by our former FIS colleague Sungchul Ji
      about the radiation of this amazing interstellar object (a
      hydrogen basic frequency emitted in Fibonacci sequences), is a
      good reminder of the all-permeating cosmic fabric of gravity. See:
      <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://sayerji.substack.com/p/when-the-cosmos-speaks-in-fibonacci__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UN5Qkr4MMHvVFgjxrE8GKOUT__SCPVApKzSiss-NOjGyuklM4kUiq2rVFM3p-XKxI27KcpMhBaLbJuUWfT2Ftv37jbkQ$" target="_blank" class="">https://sayerji.substack.com/p/when-the-cosmos-speaks-in-fibonacci</a></div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">About more mundane matters, what Eric
      writes on the CONTROLNOME, rather imaginative but a little bit
      outreached (perhaps one could share it partially), would send all
      the people working on paleogenomics and related disciplines to
      retirement. It is a pity because the ongoing results are throwing
      fascinating new aspects on our own evolution (self-domestication,
      sexual intercourse, language, etc.) Again I invite fis parties to
      that BioSystems issue ready to appear. Taking that view in its
      face value, an armchair experiment: if we take a vertebrate genome
      and substitute ALL of its genes, each by one, by genes of a
      completely different species--eg, human ovum changed to mouse
      genes and stimulate its development --  what would happen? There
      are too many details to consider, but nothing viable as an
      outcome, even the first division, I bet.</div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">I think we are not trying to "reduce"
      living complexity to this or to that, as Eric says, but
      emphasizing aspects not well covered in mainstream science,
      particularly on information matters. I was tempted to insist in
      the centrality of the life cycle regarding the information flow,
      but it would be too much.</div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">Regards,</div>
    <div class="">--Pedro</div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">El 03/12/2025 a las 14:54, JOHN TORDAY
      escribió:<br class="">
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" class="">
      
      <div dir="ltr" class="">
        <div class=""><br clear="all" class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
            <div class="">Dear Eric and 'All', it appears to be a 'fool's task'
              to debate the merits of the role of the force of gravity
              in the evolution of vertebrates, given that I have not
              only provided empiric evidence for it, as have others, but
              have described the process in an earlier email.....John</div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br class="">
      </div>
      <br class="">
      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Dec 3, 2025 at 3:38 AM
          Dr. Eric Werner <<a href="mailto:evwerner@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">evwerner@gmail.com</a>>
          wrote:<br class="">
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
          <div dir="auto" class="">Dear Pedro, John and FIS Collegues,
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Fascinating points you make, Pedro.  </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">The paper by <span style="color:rgb(20,20,19);font-family:"DM Sans",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:20px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)" class="">Zhizhou
                Zhang </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://doi.org/10.20935/AcadMolBioGen8001__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UusxFDTBk3ZUgkvJ1A6efTRkbVH1ghY7Hqm_3tckntBOt0NwXJpwRR3yOZ0vQsEj9vRbkhxP9L0TnovknBDPEK5Ao7cg$" target="_blank" class="">https://doi.org/10.20935/AcadMolBioGen8001</a> is
              provocative indeed.  The gene centric focus of the paper
              is foundational for its provocative hypothesis that we
              humans are mentally closer to fish than chimps.  While it
              may be genetically valid, it ignores the other 95% of the
              genome that is not genetic, and instead noncoding the so
              called dark matter of the genome.  </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">The noncoding genome is what I have argued contains the
              CONTROLNOME of the genome that actually controls and
              development of the morphology, the form and functional
              architecture of the multicellular species in question.  
              The complexity of form of the organism cannot be in the
              genes because the genes are shared by organisms that have
              overt highly complex different forms.  (And gravity cannot
              account for the difference, John, because it is obviously
              shared by all life forms on our dear planet.) </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">The difference between the gene-coding genome and the
              controlnome, has parallels between the difference between
              semantics and pragmatics, between sentences that are true
              or false and those that are neither, like questions and
              commands. This parallel relationship between genome
              semantics and pragmatics and human language as well as
              other animal communications system semantics and
              pragmatics is no artificial construct but results from
              fundamental principles of how information works in living
              systems. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">The attempts to reduce the complexity of multicellular
              development to point mutations in shared genes, or to
              gravity, or to cell signaling or other physiological
              feedback mechanisms all fail the Complexity Conservation
              Principle (see my Ants paper and How central is the genome
              paper).  And then there is meta-sex complexity of
              meta-genome interactions (see my gynandromorphs paper).</div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Best regards,</div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Eric</div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">Sent from my iPad</div>
              <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
                <blockquote type="cite" class="">On Dec 2, 2025, at 8:19 PM,
                  Pedro C. Marijuán <<a href="mailto:pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com" target="_blank" class="">pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com</a>>
                  wrote:<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                </blockquote>
              </div>
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div dir="ltr" class="">
                  <p class="">Dear John and FIS Colleagues,</p><p class="">Thanks for the well crafted, dense bio paragraphs.
                    Although I agree with most of the comments --not
                    with all-- the main problem I see that it is a
                    really too condensed a summary. It reminds me the
                    great little book by French biologist  Max Pavans de
                    Ceccatty "La vie: de la cellule à l'homme" (1962),
                    put in just half page. Given the brevity needed, I
                    will just point to three extra themes that for my
                    taste are relevant: signaling and the life cycle,
                    role of the "virome" in eukaryotic complexity and
                    multicellular life, and the tangled threads of
                    Anthropogenesis. </p><p class="">The former one, signaling and the life cycle,
                    represents "the path not taken" about the deep
                    meaning of cellular signaling. From the beginning it
                    was conceived within the input-processing-output
                    paradigm of techno-computer and artificial systems.
                    It did not help the concept of signaling as
                    "structural coupling" with the milieu, from the
                    thought of Maturana and Varela. In any event, the
                    information flow (signaling) necessary
                    interrelationship with the energy flow (metabolism)
                    has not been properly integrated with the great sink
                    and source for both flows: the life cycle.  Perhaps
                    making the cycle "modular", and susceptible to be
                    maintained conveniently "frozen" along its different
                    phases, represented the basis of cell
                    differentiation & specialized tissues via
                    signaling codes... Further, any complex form of life
                    has had to maintain the same openness to the info
                    flows of its niche in order to propel the
                    advancement of its own life cycle. And let me stop
                    here.</p><p class="">About the virome, following Villareal, Witzany, and
                    many others, the motto "Ex virus omnia" means that a
                    new, forgotten realm of life has to be added to
                    Margulis’ endosymbiotic theory (Margulis, 1981,
                    1970), so incorporating viruses’ essential
                    evolutionary role within the present discussions
                    around the renewal or replacement of evolutionary
                    theory (Noble, 2016). In fact, one the most
                    important genome modifications of eukaryotes has
                    come from the systematic activity of components of
                    viral provenance: mobile elements, transposons,
                    retrotransposons, repetitive elements and so on.
                    Seemingly (Shapiro) our species has counted with
                    around 4 million mobile insertion events. As a
                    result, ancestral viral proteins can be found in
                    signaling pathways of all kind, and all across the
                    mammalian and human proteomes. </p><p class="">And finally about Anthropogenesis, let me copy from
                    a recent study: "By employing 471 whole-genome
                    sequence samples, including archaic humans
                    (Neanderthals, Denisovans and more), modern humans,
                    other vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles,
                    birds, rodents, mammals) plus four coelacanth and
                    three lungfish samples, together with 18 human
                    cognition-related genes and their total of 223 SNVs
                    (Single-Nucleotide Variations),comparative analyses
                    revealed that the CGPPs (cognition gene polymorphism
                    patterns) of both coelacanths and lungfish are
                    evolutionarily closer to those of archaic humans
                    than those of most other animal groups. The CGPP
                    appears to occupy an evolutionary inflection point,
                    bridging diverse animal lineages to archaic
                    hominoids. Our observational results suggest a
                    hypothesis (to be validated in the future) that <b class="">the
                      genetic architecture underlying human cognition
                      seems to have been established during the
                      evolutionary stage of fish, predating the
                      emergence of tetrapods</b>..." Amazing!! (From
                    Zhizhou Zhang et al., 2025, <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://doi.org/10.20935/AcadMolBioGen8001__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UusxFDTBk3ZUgkvJ1A6efTRkbVH1ghY7Hqm_3tckntBOt0NwXJpwRR3yOZ0vQsEj9vRbkhxP9L0TnovknBDPEK5Ao7cg$" target="_blank" class="">https://doi.org/10.20935/AcadMolBioGen8001</a>).
                    By the way, there is a special issue on
                    Anthropogenesis to appear soon in BioSystems, where
                    brain evolution, sexual selection, social niche,
                    emergence of language, cognition, etc. are updated
                    and discussed (editors Marijuan, Igamberdiev,
                    Iurato, 2025)--great job by Andrei. We will send
                    soon the link.</p><p class="">Best regards,</p><p class="">--Pedro</p><div class=""><span class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                    <div dir="ltr" class="">
                      <div class="">
                        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
                          <div class="">
                            <div class="">El 23/11/2025 a las 18:20, JOHN TORDAY
                              escribió:<br class="">
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class="">Dear Eric, I am
                                    afraid you have misunderstood my
                                    allusion to the role gravity plays
                                    in evolution, in my opinion, based
                                    totally on experimental evidence. It
                                    becomes most apparent and relevant
                                    in the vertebrate transition from
                                    water to land, when fish adapted to
                                    land (a known fact). During that
                                    transition there were three hormone
                                    receptors that duplicated- the
                                    Parathyroid Hormone Receptor
                                    (PTHrP), the Glucocorticoid Receptor
                                    (GR) and the beta-adrenergic
                                    receptor (beta-AR). Which came first
                                    is the question I have pondered for
                                    many years, only recently coming to
                                    the realization that it must have
                                    been the PTHrP receptor that
                                    duplicated first, given that it
                                    determines bone 'stiffness', and the
                                    skeleton would have been under
                                    stress due to the effective force of
                                    gravity on land versus in water.
                                    Those members of the species that
                                    were able to 'up-regulate' their
                                    PTHrP receptor most readily for bone
                                    would have done so successively in
                                    the swim bladder to drive its
                                    evolution in becoming the lung, as
                                    evidenced by the fact that in the
                                    absence of PTHrP the lung does not
                                    alveolarize (Rubin et al, 2004),
                                    followed by the role of PTHrP in
                                    forming kidney glomeruli from the
                                    fish kidney glomus, and the
                                    augmentation of the stress signal
                                    from pituitary to adrenal cortex to
                                    produce adrenaline and cortisol. We
                                    know that there must have been such
                                    a scenario since fish attempted to
                                    breech land on at least 5 separate
                                    occasions (see Clack, J.A., Gaining
                                    Ground, 2012). The relevance of
                                    these physiologic adaptations can be
                                    seen in astronauts who experience
                                    osteoporosis due to PTHrP deficiency
                                    (see Torday, 2003 for evidence of
                                    such) as well as kidney
                                    complications due to down-regulation
                                    of PTHrP control of salt and water
                                    balance. So in the aggregate, in
                                    reply to your comment that "gravity
                                    would not directly control the
                                    growth of a bilateral gynandromorph
                                    that is half female and half male
                                    down the middle", I would beg to
                                    differ based on</font><span style="font-size:large" class=""> the
                                    hormonal adaptations for land life,
                                    which are fundamental to land
                                    vertebrate physiologic adaptations
                                    for skeletal integrity, breathing,
                                    salt and water balance, if you get
                                    my point. And all of these
                                    physiologic traits are essential for
                                    the bipedalism that freed our
                                    forelimbs for tool-making, including
                                    speaking, and locomotion, all of
                                    which are under the control of the
                                    FoxP2 gene and are 'housed' within
                                    the Area of Broca (</span><font size="4" class="">see <span style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Fira Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif" class="">Torday
                                      JS. A central theory of biology.
                                      Med Hypotheses. 2015
                                      Jul;85(1):49-57)</span></font><span style="font-size:large" class="">. It is this
                                    transition from crawling on all
                                    fours to standing on two legs due to
                                    the advent of endothermy that marks
                                    the evolution of our over-seized
                                    central nervous system....and as a
                                    consequence, at some point in human
                                    evolution our heads became too large
                                    to fit in the birth canal so we are
                                    born prematurely, with only 25% of
                                    brain capacity, requiring decades of
                                    nurturing by family and society in
                                    order to effectively mature as a
                                    species, if ever (I note my current
                                    President). </span></div>
                                <div class=""><span style="font-size:large" class=""><br class="">
                                  </span></div>
                                <div class=""><span style="font-size:large" class="">As
                                    for your glib comment abou</span><font size="4" class="">t "The issue is more
                                    understanding the information that
                                    makes a difference (Oh dear I have
                                    slipped into Spencer Brown"......In
                                    this regard, I think you
                                    misunderstand Spencer-Brown too in
                                    that what he was telling us is that
                                    we are fractals of a 'holism' as the
                                    unmarked space.</font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class=""><br class="">
                                  </font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class="">And as for your
                                    flippant comment about "gravity does
                                    not make the difference between a
                                    whale and a dog" I again beg your
                                    pardon, but gravity is exactly what
                                    makes the difference between a whale
                                    and a dog, referring again to
                                    gravity's effects on the physiologic
                                    traits of each on land (dog) and in
                                    water (whale) given that seals are
                                    thought to have evolved back to
                                    water from dogs......</font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class=""><br class="">
                                  </font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class="">But you may take
                                    exception to what I am saying, so
                                    have at it. I am of the opinion that
                                    the way I have traced evolution from
                                    cell to our 'selves' accounts for
                                    the evolution of consciousness from
                                    the former to the latter as I have
                                    expressed in numerous peer-reviewed
                                    articles, and 14 monographs.</font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class=""><br class="">
                                  </font></div>
                                <div class=""><font size="4" class="">Best, John</font></div>
                                <div class=""><span style="font-size:large" class="">  </span></div>
                                <br class="">
                              </div>
                              <br class="">
                              <div class="gmail_quote">
                                <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On
                                  Sun, Nov 23, 2025 at 11:11 AM OARF
                                  <<a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org" target="_blank" class="">eric.werner@oarf.org</a>>
                                  wrote:<br class="">
                                </div>
                                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                                  <div dir="auto" class="">Dear john,
                                    <div class="">There is a difference between
                                      necessary conditions that are just
                                      that and offer no information that
                                      controls the growth of detailed
                                      structure in multicellular
                                      organisms that differentiates one
                                      from another and conditions like
                                      gravity that apply to all such
                                      developmental processes. Thus, for
                                      example, gravity would not
                                      directly control the growth of a
                                      bilateral gynandromorph that is
                                      half female and half male down the
                                      middle. See: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UusxFDTBk3ZUgkvJ1A6efTRkbVH1ghY7Hqm_3tckntBOt0NwXJpwRR3yOZ0vQsEj9vRbkhxP9L0TnovknBDPEDwcoYq4$" target="_blank" class="">https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439</a> for
                                      more details. </div>
                                    <div class=""><br class="">
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">But I  agree that gravity and
                                      oxygen certainly have their
                                      effects on development. </div>
                                    <div class="">  </div>
                                    <div class="">The issue is more understanding
                                      the information that makes a
                                      difference (Oh dear I have slipped
                                      into Spencer Brown ;-) ).</div>
                                    <div class="">and gravity does not make the
                                      difference between a whale and a
                                      dog.</div>
                                    <div class=""><br class="">
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">Best,</div>
                                    <div class="">Eric</div>
                                    <div class=""><br class="">
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div dir="ltr" class="">Sent from my iPad</div>
                                      <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
                                        <blockquote type="cite" class="">On Nov
                                          23, 2025, at 3:05 PM, JOHN
                                          TORDAY <<a href="mailto:jtorday@ucla.edu" target="_blank" class="">jtorday@ucla.edu</a>> wrote:<br class="">
                                          <br class="">
                                        </blockquote>
                                      </div>
                                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                        <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                            <div class=""><font size="4" class="">To Eric,
                                                Gordana, Howard,
                                                regarding the role of
                                                sex in evolution, I
                                                would like to point out
                                                that the role of gravity
                                                in evolution also
                                                entails sex in the
                                                following way. In the
                                                study of the effect of
                                                microgravity on yeast,
                                                the simplest eukaryote,
                                                they cannot 'bud' as
                                                form of asexual
                                                reproduction in
                                                microgravitational
                                                conditions (<span style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Fira Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif" class="">Purevdorj-Gage
                                                  B, Sheehan KB, Hyman
                                                  LE. Effects of
                                                  low-shear modeled
                                                  microgravity on cell
                                                  function, gene
                                                  expression, and
                                                  phenotype in
                                                  Saccharomyces
                                                  cerevisiae. Appl
                                                  Environ Microbiol.
                                                  2006
                                                  Jul;72(7):4569-75). I
                                                  am of the opinion that
                                                  it is only in
                                                  addressing the
                                                  evolutionary ontology
                                                  as it corresponds with
                                                  the epistemology that
                                                  an adaptive trait can
                                                  be understood, as in
                                                  the case of sex as a
                                                  means of adapting to
                                                  an ever-changing
                                                  environment. In the
                                                  case of yeast, budding
                                                  is a means of
                                                  epigenetic inheritance
                                                  of environmental
                                                  factors relevant to
                                                  its adaptation, and
                                                  the force of gravity
                                                  affects that process.
                                                  These authors also
                                                  observed that the
                                                  yeast could not
                                                  conduct a calcium flux
                                                  under microgravity,
                                                  rendering them
                                                  unconscious 'zombies'.
                                                  I share this
                                                  information with you
                                                  in an attempt to find
                                                  a final common pathway
                                                  for the process of
                                                  evolution, ultimately
                                                  referring to the
                                                  elements in the Cosmos
                                                  as the latter's
                                                  'logic', as I
                                                  expressed it in an
                                                  accompanying email
                                                  earlier today....Best,
                                                  John</span></font></div>
                                            <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <br class="">
                                          <div class="gmail_quote">
                                            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun,
                                              Nov 23, 2025 at 8:13 AM
                                              OARF <<a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org" target="_blank" class="">eric.werner@oarf.org</a>> wrote:<br class="">
                                            </div>
                                            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                                              <div dir="auto" class=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class="">Hi Gordana,</span>
                                                <div style="" class=""><br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div style="" class="">I was just responding to Howard’s more general
                                                  point beyond bacteria.
                                                  Eukaryotes have sex an
                                                  inherently social
                                                  process.  Sexuality is
                                                  fundamentally a
                                                  cooperative process,
                                                  at many levels of
                                                  organization. Even
                                                  social at the level of
                                                  the genome:  See my
                                                  theory of meta-genome
                                                  interactions between
                                                  the sexes.  It is
                                                  particularly clear in
                                                  the case physically
                                                  mixed sex organisms
                                                  (this can be
                                                  neurological as
                                                  well).  See the theory
                                                  applied to mixed sex
                                                  organisms or
                                                  gynandropmorphs: </div>
                                                <div style="" class=""><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!XLF-Q-SqJ-AuvQ-dic9ptw82Ooe57dI4UX6ePa7CTWADakJMPTruAnfSd0yTCHhsfb-S3Rv04mCA4h3ClsatzQ4$" style="color:rgb(37,37,255)" target="_blank" class="">https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439</a></div>
                                                <div style="" class=""> </div>
                                                <div style="" class="">So the sexuality of being is inherently
                                                  social. </div>
                                                <div style="" class=""><br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div style="" class="">-Eric</div>
                                                <div style="" class=""><br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div style="" class=""><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ericwerner.com/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!XLF-Q-SqJ-AuvQ-dic9ptw82Ooe57dI4UX6ePa7CTWADakJMPTruAnfSd0yTCHhsfb-S3Rv04mCA4h3CaUt82MM$" target="_blank" class="">https://www.ericwerner.com/</a></div>
                                                <div style="" class=""><br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div dir="ltr" class="">Sent from
                                                  my iPad</div>
                                                <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
                                                </div>
                                                <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
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