<html><head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body dir="auto">Dear john,<div>There is a difference between necessary conditions that are just that and offer no information that controls the growth of detailed structure in multicellular organisms that differentiates one from another and conditions like gravity that apply to all such developmental processes. Thus, for example, gravity would not directly control the growth of a bilateral gynandromorph that is half female and half male down the middle. See: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!UEkpY-zgDaeaLZKpgP6SuoKaZkRIsEoZ3sq1uiI1OyXAoeGO5KtCX0FOT7ICgVliy3s5BuIneok95f4f0wYmb8A$">https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439</a> for more details. </div><div><br></div><div>But I agree that gravity and oxygen certainly have their effects on development. </div><div> </div><div>The issue is more understanding the information that makes a difference (Oh dear I have slipped into Spencer Brown ;-) ).</div><div>and gravity does not make the difference between a whale and a dog.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Eric</div><div><br></div><div><div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPad</div><div dir="ltr"><br><blockquote type="cite">On Nov 23, 2025, at 3:05 PM, JOHN TORDAY <jtorday@ucla.edu> wrote:<br><br></blockquote></div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="4">To Eric, Gordana, Howard, regarding the role of sex in evolution, I would like to point out that the role of gravity in evolution also entails sex in the following way. In the study of the effect of microgravity on yeast, the simplest eukaryote, they cannot 'bud' as form of asexual reproduction in microgravitational conditions (<span style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Fira Sans","Droid Sans","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif">Purevdorj-Gage B, Sheehan KB, Hyman LE. Effects of low-shear modeled microgravity on cell function, gene expression, and phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;72(7):4569-75). I am of the opinion that it is only in addressing the evolutionary ontology as it corresponds with the epistemology that an adaptive trait can be understood, as in the case of sex as a means of adapting to an ever-changing environment. In the case of yeast, budding is a means of epigenetic inheritance of environmental factors relevant to its adaptation, and the force of gravity affects that process. These authors also observed that the yeast could not conduct a calcium flux under microgravity, rendering them unconscious 'zombies'. I share this information with you in an attempt to find a final common pathway for the process of evolution, ultimately referring to the elements in the Cosmos as the latter's 'logic', as I expressed it in an accompanying email earlier today....Best, John</span></font></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Sun, Nov 23, 2025 at 8:13 AM OARF <<a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org">eric.werner@oarf.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="auto"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Hi Gordana,</span><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">I was just responding to Howard’s more general point beyond bacteria. Eukaryotes have sex an inherently social process. Sexuality is fundamentally a cooperative process, at many levels of organization. Even social at the level of the genome: See my theory of meta-genome interactions between the sexes. It is particularly clear in the case physically mixed sex organisms (this can be neurological as well). See the theory applied to mixed sex organisms or gynandropmorphs: </div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!XLF-Q-SqJ-AuvQ-dic9ptw82Ooe57dI4UX6ePa7CTWADakJMPTruAnfSd0yTCHhsfb-S3Rv04mCA4h3ClsatzQ4$" style="color:rgb(37,37,255)" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/abs/1212.5439</a></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"> </div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">So the sexuality of being is inherently social. </div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">-Eric</div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://www.ericwerner.com/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!XLF-Q-SqJ-AuvQ-dic9ptw82Ooe57dI4UX6ePa7CTWADakJMPTruAnfSd0yTCHhsfb-S3Rv04mCA4h3CaUt82MM$" target="_blank">https://www.ericwerner.com/</a></div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPad</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div></div>_______________________________________________<br>
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