<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">(Meaning 2024
12 30)<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dear Thomas,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Thank you for
presenting your ideas about information and meaning. In wide parts, we only
seem to have textual differences. Let me go through your main points:<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent" style="margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent">Similarity and equality arise from sweeping what appears to
be <br>
insignificant in the situations under consideration under the carpet.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We should discuss the relation between background and
foreground. If the background is the carpet, under which we sweep what appears
to be insignificant in the situation (not: situations), then what we look at is
the foreground. We count similarities before a background of diversities and
diversities before a background of similarities.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Your kind attention is drawn to the clinical fact, that we
count diversities and similarities differently. Please refer to the detailed
explanations in Liaisons Among Symbols. The two backgrounds are represented by two
combinatorial functions, <i>n?, n!,</i> of which the characteristic constants
(the Marijuán constants) are <i>1, 11, 32, 66, 97, 136, 140</i>. The relation
of the two backgrounds to each other creates 1. A linear pair of numeric
differences <i>f(n), </i>(These are the mutual <i>expected – observed </i>pairs
of which the natural unit <i>inf =</i><i>∫ </i><i>∆
n?, n! </i>is built.), 2.
Planar places of logical compromises, 3. Two Euclid spaces which are
transcended by two planes, creating 2+1 resp. 2+2 Central Elements, 4. A
plethora of certainties of coincidences, where the certainty about the
prediction and the value predicted are two different sets of calculations. The
structural discongruence of <b>‘=’</b> and <b>‘≠’</b> causes by itself a
logical-geometric-numeric web of relations.<br>
<br>
<span class="gmail-OpponentZchn"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent"><span class="gmail-OpponentZchn">Scientific
explanation starts from simple structures to explain <br>
complicated structures.</span><span class="gmail-OpponentZchn"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We start by counting places of 12 books. You cannot get any
more elementary. We discuss places of tin soldiers as we rearrange them during
maneuvers. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In a formalized fashion, we discuss <i>a+b=c</i>. The new
approach is that we treat the logical sentence as a model in generative grammar.
We understand each of its possible forms as implicated in the general form of
the sentence. We discuss what happens to <i>a,b</i> as they stand on the left
side, unmerged. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There is a <u>cavalier attitude</u> inherited from the
Sumerians among grown-up people who believe themselves to be exact and ordered.
At times, they insist that they have invented something mysteriously new, and
give it names, and keep encouraging others that they (the others) should think
simply but exactly. There are rhetoric and diplomatic challenges to
circumnavigate, if one wants to suggest, that the tiny differences that one
disregards as one says <i>a+b</i> means the same as what <i>c</i> means are the
self-made wonders one has created by being of a cavalier logic. The disregarded
snippets come back, disguised as quanta or AOI.<span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent">Chemistry<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> explains the
biochemical basis of life. Quantum mechanics </span><br>
<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">provides the theoretical basis for chemistry.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i>a+b=c</i> and its various forms provide the theoretical
basis for quantum mechanics.<span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">The simplest quantum
structures that are mathematically possible have <br>
only a two-dimensional state space. It therefore makes sense to call <br>
them quantum bits.<br>
The particles of quantum mechanics and, with that, the quantum field <br>
theories can be constructed from these structures.<br>
This means that matter can be understood as a special form of such <br>
quantum bits.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-MsoNoSpacing">Completely agree. The above is a somewhat complicated
re-formulation of some Pythagorean principles. The two-dimensional part of the
above sentences refers to the DNA being a sequence. Out of planes, spaces can
be constructed. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent"><span class="gmail-OpponentZchn">It
has been known for some time that quantum theory relativizes <br>
distinctions that are important for everyday life. E=mc^2 shows the <br>
equivalence of matter with motion, i.e. with one of its properties. <br>
The distinction between force and matter is reduced to the distinction <br>
between fermions and bosons, which can be converted into one another <br>
under certain conditions.</span><span class="gmail-OpponentZchn"><span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Whatever we call them, the structural elements of Nature
have a rational relation among each other. Therefore, it is reasonable to
investigate which rational relations exist among the simplest symbols that we
use to depict a structural element of Nature. Let us use the terms <i>a,b.</i> <span></span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent">These quantum structures with a two-dimensional Hilbert space
are to <br>
be thought of as absolute and completely abstract, not as properties <br>
of a material or energetic structure. I call them AQIs.<br>
The AQIs form matter, energy, as well as the properties of matter and energy.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">We need a name for that what distinguishes <i>a,b</i> as
unmerged individuals to their aggregate form of <i>c</i>. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="gmail-Opponent"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Life only emerged relatively
late in the development of the cosmos, </span><br>
<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">and only for living things can something become
meaningful.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here, the first serious disagreement. The term ‘meaning’ is
demonstrated to one in a very consistent and persistent fashion if one works
for decades in client encounters as a clinical psychologist. The meaning is a subjective
relation among mental contents, for each of the clients. Every client has their
own way of generating and recognizing meaning or the lack of it. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What is interpersonally true is that there exists a central
reference anchor, relative to which the furniture of the clients is organized.
Nature would not follow an organizational principle if there was no sense to it
or it would not be practical to use. First of all, the substrate, substance,
meaning, inner quintessence of that organizational reference anchor must be
logically existing. (The center of mass, gravity center, barycenter do each
possess an independent logical existence.)<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">So, if one runs across two Central Elements of perfectly
regular Euclid (Descartes) spaces that come along as parts of the package <i>a+b=c<sub>rotated</sub></i>
which includes as a bonus two more Central Elements (which are as identical as
electric and magnetic effects are identical), then one picks up these two
Central Elements and says that these are the perfect examples of something that
is being referred to. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The meaning of a logical context is the relation of the
logical context to at least one of the Central Elements. This sentence is as
true as <b><i>a = a</i></b> and is completely independent of whether the thing
that the logical context depicts lives or not.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For humans, meaning appears to have a similar effect to
oxytocin or endorphins. Some clients get really excited about the meaning or
not of something. Any excitement is a property the subject brings to the idea.
The relation of a thing relative to the center of the assemblage is just a result
of a method of measurement. Nothing must be alive among the arguments.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you for thinking through the relation of things to the
Central Elements.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Karl<span></span></p></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Am Mo., 30. Dez. 2024 um 10:28 Uhr schrieb Francesco Rizzo <<a href="mailto:13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com">13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">Dear All</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">«Claude Shannon did not formulate a mathematical
definition of information, but he defined a "particular" measure of
the "quantity of information" functional to determining the ability
of a communication channel to transmit coded signals, processed in such a way
as to be indifferent to the information that those signals may represent.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"> The
concept of information is more easily defined in operational terms, stating
that an event provides information and therefore allows us to know or believe
something that was not previously known or believed. But underlying both
subjective and objective uses of the term "information" is the
general notion of what determines or shapes. Even in biology we can and must
talk about communication theory but with greater attention, discernment and
risk.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"> The
most important problem to overcome is the communication/meaning relationship.
Lyons distinguishes:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">I. the intended meaning of a message or signal,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">II. the
meaning as understood by the recipient, e</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">III. the
meaning conventionally understood.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"> These
distinctions also find direct correlates in our current operational terms, if
we take as the operational correlate of "meaning" the selective
function (of the message) on the field of possible states of a recipient's
organization system. This immediately leads us to parallel distinctions
between:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">I. the intentional selective function established by
the sender,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">II. the
actual selective function of the receiver, e</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">III. the
meaning conventionally understood.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"> These
distinctions also find direct correlates in our current operational terms, if
we take as the operational correlate of "meaning" the selective
function (of the message) on the field of possible states of a recipient's
organization system. This immediately leads us to parallel distinctions
between:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">I. the intentional selective function established by
the sender,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">II. the
actual selective function of the receiver, e</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">III. the
selective function of a "standard" receiver.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"> Following
Morris and Peirce, semiotics is divided into: <b>syntactic</b>, <b>semantic</b> and
<b>pragmatic</b>. Syntactic studies how signs are related to each other, semantic studies how these signs are related to things, and pragmatic studies how they
are related to people.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">In the theory of sign production we encounter a
fundamental problem, namely the relationship between the content of the
functions and their physical occurrences which should constitute their
"real" referents. This issue is known in semiotic literature as the
"referential fallacy" . In this regard it is good to recall
Saussure's well-known semiotic triangle: Meaning, Significant, Referent"
[Rizzo F., <i>Value and evaluations. The science of economics or the economics of
science</i>, FrancoAngeli, Milan, 1999, pp.330-3).</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">Cari Tutti,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">«Claude
Shannon non ha formulato una definizione matematica dell'informazione, ma ha
definito una "particolare" misura della "quantità
d'informazione" funzionale alla determinazione della capacità di un canale
di comunicazione di trasmettere segnali in codice, elaborata in modo tale da
essere indifferente all'<i>informazione</i>
che quei segnali possono rappresentare.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Il concetto di informazione si definisce
più facilmente in termini operativi, affermando che un evento fornisce
informazione quindi ci permette di sapere o credere qualcosa che prima non si
sapeva o credeva. Ma alla base degli usi sia soggettivi sia oggettivi del
termine "informazione" v'è la nozione generale di ciò che determina o
dà la forma. Anche in biologia si può e si deve parlare di teoria della
comunicazione ma con maggiore attenzione, discernimento e rischio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Il problema più importante da superare è
il rapporto comunicazione/significato. Lyons distingue:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I. il significato <i>intenzionale </i>di un messaggio o segnale,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">II. il significato così come viene <i>inteso</i> dal ricevente, e</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">III. il significato inteso <i>convenzionalmente</i>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> Queste distinzioni trovano anch'esse dei
correlati diretti nei nostri termini operativi attuali, se prendiamo come
correlato operativo di "significato" la <i>funzione selettiva</i> (del messaggio) sul campo dei possibili stati
del sistema di organizzazione di un ricevente. Ciò ci</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif"> conduce immediatamente a distinzioni parallele
tra:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">I. la funzione selettiva <i>intenzionale</i> stabilita dal mittente,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">II. la funzione selettiva <i>reale</i> del ricevente, e</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">III. la funzione selettiva di un ricevente
"standard"<a href="#m_-1563113968838984090__ftn1" name="m_-1563113968838984090__ftnref1" title=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:107%">[1]</span></span></span></a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif"> Seguendo Morris e Peirce la semiotica si
suddivide in: <i>sintattica</i>, <i>semantica</i> e <i>pragmatica</i>. La sintattica studia il modo in cui i segni sono
correlati tra loro, la semantica studia il modo in cui queste segni sono
correlati alle cose, e la pragmatica studia il modo in cui essi sono correlati
alle persone<a href="#m_-1563113968838984090__ftn2" name="m_-1563113968838984090__ftnref2" title=""><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:11pt;line-height:107%">[2]</span></span></span></a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">Nella
teoria della produzione segnica s’incontra un problema fondamentale, e cioè il
rapporto che passa tra il contenuto delle funzioni e le loro occorrenze fisiche
che ne dovrebbero costituire i referenti “reali”, Questa questione è conosciuta
nella letteratura semiotica come “fallacia referenziale”. A questo proposito è
bene richiamare il noto triangolo semiotico di Saussure: Significato,
Significante, Referente</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif">»</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif"> </span><span style="font-family:Times,serif">[</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif">Rizzo F., <i>Valore e valutazioni. La scienza
dell’economia o l’economia della scienza</i>, FrancoAngeli, Milano, 1999,
pp.330-331</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif">].</span><span style="font-family:Times,serif"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Times,serif">Francis</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
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</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:14.2pt;line-height:normal;background:rgb(248,249,250);font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(31,31,31)"><br></span></p></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno lun 30 dic 2024 alle ore 10:00 Prof. Dr. Thomas Görnitz <<a href="mailto:goernitz@em.uni-frankfurt.de" target="_blank">goernitz@em.uni-frankfurt.de</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear All,<br>
I would like to start by wishing everyone a healthy, successful and <br>
hopefully more peaceful new year.<br>
<br>
Now a few comments from me on the current contributions, regarding <br>
information and meaning.<br>
<br>
Natural science seeks rules and laws for the processes in nature.<br>
However, due to the expansion of the cosmos, there are never two <br>
completely identical situations. For an individual case, however, the <br>
idea of a rule is meaningless.<br>
<br>
Rules require similarity, laws require – not only in jurisprudence – equality.<br>
<br>
Similarity and equality arise from sweeping what appears to be <br>
insignificant in the situations under consideration under the carpet.<br>
Changes to inanimate matter require the expenditure of energy, but <br>
living things can also be influenced by meaningful information.<br>
<br>
Scientific explanation starts from simple structures to explain <br>
complicated structures.<br>
Chemistry explains the biochemical basis of life. Quantum mechanics <br>
provides the theoretical basis for chemistry.<br>
<br>
The simplest quantum structures that are mathematically possible have <br>
only a two-dimensional state space. It therefore makes sense to call <br>
them quantum bits.<br>
The particles of quantum mechanics and, with that, the quantum field <br>
theories can be constructed from these structures.<br>
This means that matter can be understood as a special form of such <br>
quantum bits.<br>
<br>
It has been known for some time that quantum theory relativizes <br>
distinctions that are important for everyday life. E=mc^2 shows the <br>
equivalence of matter with motion, i.e. with one of its properties. <br>
The distinction between force and matter is reduced to the distinction <br>
between fermions and bosons, which can be converted into one another <br>
under certain conditions.<br>
<br>
These quantum structures with a two-dimensional Hilbert space are to <br>
be thought of as absolute and completely abstract, not as properties <br>
of a material or energetic structure. I call them AQIs.<br>
<br>
The AQIs form matter, energy, as well as the properties of matter and energy.<br>
<br>
Life only emerged relatively late in the development of the cosmos, <br>
and only for living things can something become meaningful.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Quoting Karl Javorszky <<a href="mailto:karl.javorszky@gmail.com" target="_blank">karl.javorszky@gmail.com</a>>:<br>
<br>
> Again, one wonders.<br>
><br>
> Marcus writes:<br>
> you also invoke ‘meaning’ which is notoriously difficult to define – where<br>
> do you clearly define meaning?<br>
><br>
> There is a perfectly valid definition of meaning available for all who<br>
> have access to the FIS list.<br>
><br>
> The last time this définition was shared with the Learned Friends was 21<br>
> days ago, 9th December 2024, in a letter to Xueshan.<br>
><br>
> *Information has been defined (eg Liaisons Among Symbols) as the totality<br>
> of ∆ (n?, n!).*<br>
><br>
> *Meaning has been defined (op. cit.) as the relation of a context to at<br>
> least one of the Central Elements.*<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Prof. Dr. Thomas Görnitz<br>
Fellow of the INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF INFORMATION STUDIES<br>
<br>
Privat (für Postsendungen):<br>
Karl-Mangold-Str. 13<br>
D-81245 München<br>
Tel: 0049-89-887746<br>
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://goernitzunderstandingquantumtheory.com/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Twd5A-cSLW8XBCnqHSJSmnpnRgk8TzmugecCjfUIUl15bOVeXlewBLt5Z82oDgMW23D9dJVIhIcotYDJNuXxBAlvzbWnJw$" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://goernitzunderstandingquantumtheory.com/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Twd5A-cSLW8XBCnqHSJSmnpnRgk8TzmugecCjfUIUl15bOVeXlewBLt5Z82oDgMW23D9dJVIhIcotYDJNuXxBAlvzbWnJw$</a> <br>
<br>
Fachbereich Physik<br>
J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main<br>
<br>
<br>
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</blockquote></div>