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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=ZH-CN link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Dear Krassimir,</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>I believe you can make a significant contribution to fundamental information science, and I will fully support your efforts. Don't worry; you can use "Inforware" in any way you like.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Regarding your further research plan on Inforware, I would like to offer two suggestions:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:12.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Broadly speaking, Inforware can represent information senders, receivers, storers, processors, and so on. In any information environment, it does not distinguish between active or passive, natural or artificial. Therefore, it encompasses both active and passive elements, as well as natural and artificial forms. I understand you plan to introduce another term "Infos." Based on your explanation, the logical positioning of Infos is unclear. The introduction of two similar terms may create more confusion than clarity, but scientific innovation is open to interpretation, so you may decide as you see fit.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:17.85pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-margin-top-alt:.5gd;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:0cm;mso-para-margin-left:17.85pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-17.85pt;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2'><![if !supportLists]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Regarding Frege’s triangle, I’m afraid that Inforware cannot replace knowledge in this context. My initial intention categorize Inforware into three levels: information, sign, and substrate. If you argue that "some kind of information" acts as a form of "knowledge," this aligns with the traditional usage of information concepts and does not contradict the original intention of Inforware. However, if you say that some form of Inforware is knowledge, it diverges from the intended meaning of Inforware.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;text-indent:22.0pt;line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>I have reached my limit of three posts per week, so I will respond to you and everyone next week. I look forward to hearing your new thoughts on these issues; this kind of communication is truly meaningful.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:12.0pt;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:12.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif'>Xueshan<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:等线'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif'> fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es <fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Krassimir Markov<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 11, 2024 10:42 AM<br><b>To:</b> fis <fis@listas.unizar.es><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Fis] Five Clouds over Fundamental Information Science.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>Dear Xueshan,</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><br>In this letter I would like to start with some comments on the concept of “Inforware”, and in the following letters I will comment on the five clouds.<br><br>I really like the concept of “Inforware” and would use it actively with your permission and citing the source.<br><br>I would like to add a little clarification.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><br>Just as software is data that is processed by hardware, “Inforware” also requires corresponding “hardware”. You use the term “Inforware” to denote both the active and passive aspects, which is a bit confusing for the reader.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>At the same time, your definition practically covers the meaning of the concept of “information model”, which corresponds to Frege’s triangle. The set of information models we usually call “knowledge”.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>The concept of “Infoware” can be used instead of the concept of “Knowledge”. In this case, the active part of information processing needs the corresponding concept.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>In order to have one comprehensive term for so many concepts referring to active entities such as subjects, agents, cells, animals or humans, societies, humanity or even an artificial active object created by humans, the abstract term of “<b>Infos</b>” was invented to unite all of the above, as well as any other object of the same type. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>The word “Infos” is an attempt to combine the natural and artificial worlds and at the same time emphasizes the unity between the different entities in the background of our understanding.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>For the last 30 years, we have used the term “Infos” to refer to entities that process information models, not just data.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>I would note that by connecting the concepts we obtain harmonious combinations:</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>HS = (hardware, software)</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>II = (Infos, Infoware).<br><br><br><br>Dear Pedro,</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>Thank you for your answer.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>It seems to me that you greatly overestimate the number of definitions currently in force. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>Yes, that was many years ago, but I think that over time, no more than a dozen different understandings have formed. That is exactly what intrigued me to do something like an "inventory" and see what we have.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>There is no problem with doing this in another way, other than through the FIS list.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>Please, anyone who wants to present their original definition of the concept "information" or one that they adhere to, write to me at my personal email </span><span lang=EN-US><a href="mailto:markov.krk@gmail.com" target="_blank"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif'>markov.krk@gmail.com</span></a></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'>This is my second post this week, so I will continue in the next one.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:10.0pt;line-height:12.65pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black'><br>With respect,<br>Krassimir</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>