<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:12pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Dear Xueshan Yan,<span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:12pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Let me address your
excellent points:</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Inforware*</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">: Information must exist in signs, and signs
must exist on substrates**. We define a trinity composed of information, sign,
and substrate as an Inforware.<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:12pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Are we sure that new
words are needed? Sign + substrate has been called a symbol with properties.
The “substrate” is an element of a collection and “sign” is a property of that
element. I support your wish to deal with logical elements that are different
to each other (in contrast to the present-day Sumerian-influenced mantra).</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Four Concomitant Disciplines: Based on the structure of an
inforware, we have Informatics for studying information, and Semiotics for
studying signs—the existence mode of information. Since communication is the
transmission of information and computation is the processing of information,
we also have another two fundamental disciplines: Communication Studies and
Computation Studies. These four disciplines are concomitant; that is, if one is
present, the other three (or more) will eventually emerge</span></i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">.</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Cloud 1. Information and Meaning</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">: What is information? Since 1948, information
scientists have been discussing it for 76 years, yet still cannot provide a
definitive answer. What is meaning? Since 1825, linguists have been debating it
for 200 years and still cannot reach a definitive conclusion. Nevertheless,
linguistics has been established successfully. Let’s consider a hypothesis: if
we were to suspend all discussions about the definition of information for
three years, what else could we do? From a human perspective, are information
and meaning two homogenous issues</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif;color:black">? Or are they two different expressions of one existence</span></i><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">?<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Information has been
defined (eg Liaisons Among Symbols) as the totality of ∆ (n?, n!).<span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Meaning has been
defined (op. cit.) as the relation of a context to at least one of the Central
Elements.<span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">The basic duality is
as much an axiom as is <i>a+b=c. </i>The
basic duality becomes visible if one treats a limited collection of
identifiable elements as undergoing continual changes.</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Cloud 2. Brain Informatics or Animal
Informatics</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">:<b> </b>It has
been demonstrated that any organism with a brain inforware can communicate with
others; therefore, brain informatics must exist, —storing, sending, and
receiving information are fundamental functions of the brain—, and human
informatics already exists. Similarly, we could explore bee informatics,
elephant informatics, and so on. Can we assume that there are as many types of
animal informatics as there are animal species?<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">No, we can not. Any
machine can send a message to any other machine. If the message is an observed
one and there exists an expected form/content of the message, then the message
carries information. </span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Cloud 3. Genetics as a Discipline of
Informatics:</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> Cells can
communicate. The central dogma of molecular biology describes the pathway of
DNA→RNA→protein, through which genetic information flows. In this process, DNA
serves as substrate, bases function as signs, and genomics represents
informatics. If we propose that genetics is the most successful branch of
informatics, what would be the response from biologists? Could a similar
phenomenon also be observed in neuroscience and endocrinology?<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">The DNA is, first of
all, a sequence. The general form of the sequence appears to be built according
to rules which we do not understand as to their principle. Some peculiar
strands of DNA applied science learns to understand, one by one, the meaning
(role in the construction) of. Genetics is a daughter of informatics, namely
the linear/planar representation of a system of coincidences that are realized
in 3+D dimensions. The linear and the spatial version of the same truth is what
we are presently trying to figure out. The truth is identical in that, that
both versions mean the same (extent, degree, location, frequency, etc.) of
being deviant to the most usual (the expected). There is one great and detailed
blueprint about how a specific production can deviate to the most usual version
of the production. This one great and detailed blueprint can be read as well as
a long sequence and as well as a combination of overlapping groups. <span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">The great and general
blueprint about how parts assemble to build a Whole can be read out of <i>a+b=c. </i>The elementary steps are: 1. Create
etalon collection, 2. Subject the etalon collection to periodic changes,  3. Note the place-order coincidence, 4. Redistribute
the right side to the left, creating <i>2(a+b),
</i>5. Note the amount-order coincidence.<span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">The data gained such
is the general collection of possibilities of parts assembling into wholes.
This is the web of “expected” values of the etalon collection. Relative to this
Generally Most Usual and Expected Among the Coincidences that Can Be the Case, relative
to this is all that exists in a specific deviation, which extent of being
otherwise we call information. The DNA is exactly so much (in that extent) deviant
to the theoretical DNA as the 3D+ organism is deviant to the theoretical
organism matching the theoretical DNA. Information is the extent of being
otherwise. That, to which both the linear arrangement and the
spatial-chemical-physical-electrical-magnetic arrangement are deviating to, in
identical extents, is the general form of an ordered arrangement in which
alternatives (offset differences) are possible. <span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Cloud 4. Communication between Inforwares</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">: Some speculate that two supramolecules can
communicate with each other. But can two ordinary molecules communicate? Can
two atoms communicate? Can two celestial bodies communicate? Can plants
communicate with one another? Can different inforwares communicate across
different levels? Is the communication between humans and cats true
communication (language comprehension) or false communication (conditional
reflex)?<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">The
supermolecules are within a habitat and are related to each other. Two
constituent parts of a Whole have a relation between each other. This liaison
is what Liaisons Among Symbols speaks about. The term “communicate” is an
anthropomorphism. Let us try to reformulate what the question investigates. Parts
of a whole do interact, and the parts may have a feedback restrictor/enabler relation
to each other.<span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:22.1pt;text-indent:22.1pt;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Cloud 5. Exploration of Fundamental
Information Science</span></i></b><i><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">:
Can we regard fundamental information science as an exploration based on the
inductive method, focusing on the commonalities among various fundamental
information disciplines, especially the four concomitant disciplines mentioned
above? The complexity and enormity of this venture have far exceeded anyone's
imagination. Is it one of the most challenging disciplines to study in
contemporary times? Or, does it not exist at all?<span></span></span></i></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">There is no need to
draw the system of epistemology turned on its head. Philosophy is the mother of
all sciences. Her daughter Order is the Mother of all Mathematics and her
daughters. Whether a daughter marries into genetics, kinetics, chemistry or
data processing, these daughters will all remain true to the principles of
their mother and grandmother: order is a computable state, order means the
degree of the fit of an object to  both
of the properties of the object and the position of the object among its peers.
<span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Respectfully <span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:13pt;background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Segoe UI",sans-serif">Karl</span><span style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><span></span></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p></div></div>