<div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" style="" face="tahoma, sans-serif">Dear Kate,<br></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">I want to point out
that my note was just one variation of the well-known ternary logic. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">The ternary logic, or
three-valued logic (3VL), is a logic system with three truth values: TRUE,
FALSE, and UNKNOWN. It is superior to binary logic, but because of the
significantly larger set of 27 unary operators, the engineer who created the
first electronic computer (do you know who he was?) preferred the simpler binary
(Boolean) logic. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">Boolean logic allows 2<sup>2</sup>
= 4 unary operators; the addition of a third value in ternary logic leads to a
total of 3<sup>3</sup> = 27 distinct operators on a single input value.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">At the same time, if
we want to achieve development in the field of artificial intelligence and its
applications, it is better to use ternary logic. It can be implemented
programmatically without much effort, so it is not a question of
implementation, but rather of using it expediently.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">For instance the
database structural query language SQL implements ternary logic as a means of
handling comparisons with NULL field content. NULL was originally intended to
be used as a sentinel value in SQL to represent missing data in a database,
i.e. the assumption that an actual value exists, but that the value is not
currently recorded in the database. In SQL, the intermediate value is intended
to be interpreted as UNKNOWN.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">In the 3VL logic based
on -1,0,1 the intermediate value is 0. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">Thank you Kate for the very interesting interpretation of intermediate value for the case of emotions!</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">Dear Stu,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">I would like to touch
briefly on the "Hindu Jain concept of Unmanifest, True, Unmanifest,
False" you noted.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">This is not analogous
to "I don't know," because "I don't know" means "I
have no way of knowing." This is a ternary logic - "Yes",
"No" and "Unknown".</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">In my opinion,
"Unmanifest, True, Unmanifest, False", is based on the recommendation
to perceive reality as "it is" and at the same time as "it is
not", qualified with "perhaps", to understand Absolute Reality.
This is a variant of binary logic, in probably one of its oldest versions.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">I will recall that any
change in a given entity, as a result of interaction with another (= reflection
= data = ontological information), only after being recognized by the Infos (=
human = agent = subject) becomes a mental model (= information = data with
meaning = knowledge = epistemological information). </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">This is what leads to
the confusion of what "information" is, because in everyday life we
use the term “information” for both data and knowledge. And in fact, information
appears during the transition from data to knowledge, which takes place in the
temporary (working) memory of the brain. Data enters it, is recognized, and is
perceived as information (the data acquires meaning), after which it is stored
in long-term memory. Thus, the temporary memory can be considered as a
converter of the data coming at the input into information that is stored in
the permanent memory and we usually call "knowledge". The opposite transition from knowledge to data
is possible.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">But the reflection
(the data, the ontological information) may not be recognized by the Infos (=
human = agent = subject) and, under certain conditions, continue to exist in
long-term memory as a reflection without meaning. This is exactly the case with
"I don't know". Thus we enter the ternary aspect of consciousness,
which is actually the engine of knowledge because it leads to the generation of
new mental models.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">If we make an analogy
with Schrödinger's Cat, then in ternary logic the observation can give one
of three answers: "The cat is alive", "The cat is dead",
"That in the box is not a cat and one cannot recognize what it is"!</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">This suggests that our
brain is not quantum, but a vastly more complex system.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">If we want the Jain
concept to become a ternary, then we should have three concepts -
"Unmanifest, True", "Unmanifest, False", and
"Unmanifest, Unknown ".</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">With respect,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">Krassimir</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%"><font size="4" face="tahoma, sans-serif">PS: In the future, possibly
it will be interesting to discuss information trialectics philosophy.</font></p>
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