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      -------- Mensaje reenviado --------
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            <th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Asunto:
            </th>
            <td>Re: Information, computation, and causality in living
              systems: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 108, Issue 5 - Kierkegaard,
              responsible free will and the meaning of the new
              transition in science</td>
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            <th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Fecha: </th>
            <td>Wed, 17 Jan 2024 14:37:15 +0100</td>
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            <th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">De: </th>
            <td>Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com"><plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com></a></td>
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            <th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">Para: </th>
            <td>Louis Kauffman <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:loukau@gmail.com"><loukau@gmail.com></a></td>
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            <th valign="BASELINE" nowrap="nowrap" align="RIGHT">CC: </th>
            <td>Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se"><gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se></a>, Stuart Kauffman
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:stukauffman@gmail.com"><stukauffman@gmail.com></a>, Andrea Roli
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:andrea.roli@unibo.it"><andrea.roli@unibo.it></a>, Pedro C. Marijuán
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com"><pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com></a>, Eric Werner
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org"><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch"><joe.brenner@bluewin.ch></a>, Krassimir Markov
              <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:itheaiss@gmail.com"><itheaiss@gmail.com></a></td>
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          style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">Dear
          FISers, Stu, Lou, Alex, Paul and All,</div>
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          style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">This is my
          second post on one day and for the whole week, I am afraid,
          but I think it is worth saying it in conclusion of my previous
          comment, because a chance let me come to these "emergent
          thoughts" as this often happens in life with the "law of
          attraction" when reading another source.</div>
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          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763">I came upon Edgar
              Allan Poe’s short story “The System of Dr. Tarr and Prof.
              Fether” and </font><span
              style="color:rgb(7,55,99);font-family:arial,sans-serif">the
              advice of the head of a mental health hospital there</span><span
              style="color:rgb(7,55,99);font-family:arial,sans-serif">:</span></p>
          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763"><span
                style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">"<i>You are young
                  yet, my friend,” replied my host, “but the time will
                  arrive when you will learn to judge for </i></span><i>yourself
                of what<span style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"> is
                  going on in the world, without trusting to the gossip
                  of others.</span><span
                  class="gmail-Apple-converted-space"
                  style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"> </span></i><strong
                style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"><i>Believe nothing
                  you hear, and only one half that you see.</i>”</strong></font></p>
          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763">Thus I come back
              to Lou's and my earlier argument about the (constructed)
              illusion which all science is for us per definition. Aley
              will understand this easier. :-), but</font></p>
          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763">I believe that
              most of you will object to this stance of extreme
              scepticism in Poe's short story, while saying that if you
              don't believe anything you hear, you might as well just
              give up trying to understand anything about what is going
              on in this world. I understand this frustration, but on
              the other hand I think that this is<span
                class="gmail-Apple-converted-space"> </span><strong>a
                very good starting point to revisit and revise many
                common scientific concepts we got used to very  easily
                and apply by default now. </strong>What did people like
              Einstein and Tesla 100+ years ago and Elons Musk is trying
              to remind us about? You don't  really need DNA
              engineering, AI and quantum computers to step back (or
              aside) and look at the picture as an observer (from first,
              second or third person perspective, or maybe all together
              superposed!), to "feel" it (better), do you? Arran is
              going to open another exciting discussion quite soon.</font></p>
          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763">Have a great week
              ahead!</font></p>
          <p style="line-height:26px;margin:0px 0px 20px"><font
              face="arial, sans-serif" color="#073763">Plamen :-)</font></p>
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      <div class="gmail_quote">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 17, 2024 at
          1:41 PM Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov <<a
            href="mailto:plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com"
            moz-do-not-send="true">plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com</a>>
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">Nicely
                said, Lou (bold face emphasis from me below).</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_quote">
              <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 17, 2024 at
                5:41 AM Louis Kauffman <<a
                  href="mailto:loukau@gmail.com" target="_blank"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">loukau@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">This is in response to
                  Stu and the notion that deduction is not all (I agree)
                  and that it is impossible (I disagree).
                  <div>We use deduction to see the results of
                    constraints that persist over time. If these
                    constraints change too much then we cannot reason
                    from them.</div>
                  <div>But in many cases we know that certain
                    constraints are in place and with that we can deduce
                    many other facts. This is how mathematics and
                    modeling using mathematics works.</div>
                  <div><b>There is some given set of assumptions and
                      what can be deduced from them is valid just so
                      long as these assumptions hold. </b></div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div>When we are in situations where everything is up
                    for grabs then no deduction is possible. Most actual
                    situations are somewhere in between purely formal
                    results from rules and the pure chaos. I agree with
                    Stuart that it is futile to try to deduce
                    everything. </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">And
                that's why work needs to be done.</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div>The question always is, can one deduce a key fact
                    that will forward the action? See the works of </div>
                  <div>Conan Doyle for many examples.</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">If
                you are smart or lucky or both enough.....</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div>On the mathematical side, we have structures that
                    everyone agrees to. And in that realm it is just as
                    certain as 2 + 2 = 4 that there are infinitely many
                    prime numbers and that the number of prime numbers
                    less than or equal to n is asymptotic to n/log(n)
                    and that no consistent formal system can capture all
                    the truths of number theory. We reasoned ourselves
                    right out of the formal box because we have the
                    ability to reason (as evolved organisms). And
                    luckily Stu agrees that this evolution is not part
                    of some formal system.</div>
                  <div>Or so it seems.</div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">When
                reading Penrose's book "The Road Reality" long time ago,
                I recall he had a drawing inside that he took from his
                former book about consciousness "The Emperor's New
                Mind". It represented a triple mapping of the Platonic
                spheres representing the different realities we are
                exposed to. Here a nice new image of them: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://scientificgems.wordpress.com/2013/05/18/three-worlds/__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Q_LXD3FaN87lhUDrWnDolG5NEoU-HzYT2h8X8Amb6NNMk9iuWdhmEd8RG_lJWjIz48yhx2RNVQZq_T2eNgUiNwavYx7F$" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://scientificgems.wordpress.com/2013/05/18/three-worlds/</a>.</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">That
                brought me to an extension of Robert Rosen’s concept of
                the relations between science and life (itself) which I
                published in a 2010 article about the post-Newtonian
                paradigm. So I am asking myself, and you all of course::
                isn’t this paradox that Stu and Rolli put before our
                eyes a clash between the Aristotelian and Platonic view
                at Nature? What other mapping could be there? One of the
                AI mind perhaps?</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">Prime
                numbers, complex numbers, and many more mathematical
                object-tools are mind constructs, abstractions of
                physical entities, but they also have their not so ideal
                image reflections in the world which our senses decode,
                and which David Mumford and his colleagues have so
                beautifully (and metaphorically) described their book
                “Indra’s Pearls”. So, don’t we need to really try
                expanding our consciousness, as Alex said, in order to
                perceive and understand more shared reality?</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                  <div><b>Everyone has to reason this out for
                      themselves. </b>We can be convinced by at least
                    powerful rhetoric that we are not machines
                    (activated formal systems) </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">Well,
                I am not quite sure about this last thing, while taking
                on Bruno’s stance who gets really back 2000 years ago to
                Plotinus. </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"> </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div>and we can see that indeed it could be that this
                    convincing is a kind of illusion. </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">And
                this is what Alex and other followers of the Hindu
                philosophy tradition is trying to tell us.</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">You
                can also deduce this, of course. I don’t recall who has
                compared this process to looking through a Kaleidoskope.
                Maybe Mumford himself.</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div><b>I suggest that individuals can each come to
                      their own conclusions</b>.</div>
                  <div><br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">Best,</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)">Plamen</div>
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(7,55,99)"><br>
              </div>
              <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
                <div style="word-wrap:break-word">
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <blockquote type="cite">
                        <div>On Jan 13, 2024, at 10:42 AM, Gordana
                          Dodig-Crnkovic <<a
                            href="mailto:gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se"
                            target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se</a>>
                          wrote:</div>
                        <br>
                        <div>
                          <div
style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">Stu,
                                thank you for the answer, and sorry that
                                I cannot reply in the list.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">I
                                want to comment on your claim below that
                                life is “</span><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif">not a
                                computation at all</span><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">”.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">It
                                depends on how you define computation.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">In your reply to Krassimir,
                                and on several other occasions, you
                                pointed out the limitations of
                                computation that you define as
                                necessarily algorithmic (in the sense of
                                algorithm = Turing Machine). I can agree
                                given the “computing = TM” assumption.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">However, in the Theory of
                                computing people have already developed
                                computational models beyond the TM, in
                                the form of Unconventional computing,
                                and Natural computing (physical
                                computing).<span> </span></span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">Within IAIS we have two
                                leading names, Andy Adamatzky and Susan
                                Stepney who could help us to present and
                                discuss recent developments, explaining
                                how those new kinds of computation can
                                be used to describe life. Their research
                                is about future computing, not the
                                machines we are using.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">But yesterday I found a
                                short (2-page) article<span> </span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">“I</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif">nformation,
                                computation, and causality in living
                                systems</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">”
                                (in the attachment),<span> </span></span><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">by</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>complexity
                                researcher</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>Carlos
                                Gershenson, affiliated with the Santa Fe
                                Institute,</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>and
                                focused on the
                                informational-computational view of
                                complexity.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">He describes the
                                limitations of our present-day
                                understanding of life. Questioning the
                                adequacy of our knowledge, he quotes
                                Kauffman and Roli “The world is not a
                                theorem” from Entropy 2021<b>.</b></span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">At the same time,
                                Gershenson</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"><span> </span>proposes
                                using computational simulations on<span> </span><b>existing
                                  computers</b><span> </span>in
                                combination with experiments to learn
                                about living systems. He refers to
                                algorithmic theories of life and the
                                success of</span><span
                                style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir
                                Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">AlphaFold
                                and Evolutionary-scale prediction of
                                atomic-level protein structure with a
                                language model.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">I would propose inviting
                                Carlos to give a presentation so that we
                                can discuss those topics in depth and
                                test all our objections and expectations
                                of models of life explicitly.</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">All the best,</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times"><span
style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"
                                lang="EN-US">Gordana</span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                lang="EN-US"> </span></div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span> </span></div>
                            <div style="border-style:solid none
                              none;border-top-color:rgb(181,196,223);border-top-width:1pt;padding:3pt
                              0cm 0cm">
                              <div
                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span
                                    style="font-size:12pt">From:<span> </span></span></b><span
                                  style="font-size:12pt">Stuart Kauffman
                                  <<a
                                    href="mailto:stukauffman@gmail.com"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">stukauffman@gmail.com</a>><br>
                                  <b>Date:<span> </span></b>Friday, 12
                                  January 2024 at 01:21<br>
                                  <b>To:<span> </span></b>Gordana
                                  Dodig-Crnkovic <<a
                                    href="mailto:gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se</a>><br>
                                  <b>Cc:<span> </span></b>Louis Kauffman
                                  <<a href="mailto:loukau@gmail.com"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">loukau@gmail.com</a>>,
                                  fis <<a
                                    href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es"
                                    style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>>,
                                  Andrea Roli <<a
                                    href="mailto:andrea.roli@unibo.it"
                                    style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">andrea.roli@unibo.it</a>><br>
                                  <b>Subject:<span> </span></b>Re: [Fis]
                                  Fis Digest, Vol 108, Issue 5 -
                                  Kierkegaard, responsible free will and
                                  the meaning of the new transition in
                                  science</span></div>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <div
                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                            </div>
                            <div
                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                            <div>
                              <div
                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Gordana
                                I completely agree. Moreover, the Third
                                Transition claims to demonstrate that
                                the evolving biosphere is a
                                non-deducible propagating construction,
                                not a deduction, not a COMPUTATION at
                                all. The grounds to think human mind is
                                a computation are being erased. We do
                                not create meaning by deducing, we
                                create it as living organisms acting in
                                the world. “Meaning” is to ME, acting
                                and doing in my world, for all living
                                creatures. </div>
                              <div>
                                <div
                                  style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <div
                                  style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Andrea
                                  Roli and I wrote a further paper,
                                  “What is Consciousness?", published in
                                  the Linnean Society recently, 2023 Vol
                                  139. We jury rig. Non - embodied
                                  Universal Turing Machines are
                                  algorithmic and cannot jury rig.
                                  Embodied UTM in robots can jury rig a
                                  bit, but far too slowly, we think.  We
                                  suggest mind is quantum, it entangles
                                  with the world, we collapse the
                                  superposition wave function, and we
                                  experience the single state as a
                                  qualia. </div>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div
                                    style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <div
                                    style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">And
                                    Kirkegard was exactly correct as are
                                    you.</div>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <div
                                    style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                                </div>
                                <div>
                                  <div
                                    style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Stu</div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
                                      style="margin:0cm 0cm
                                      12pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                    <blockquote
                                      style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt"
                                      type="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <div
                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On
                                          Jan 11, 2024, at 4:07 PM,
                                          Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic <<a
href="mailto:gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se"
                                            style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">gordana.dodig-crnkovic@mdu.se</a>>
                                          wrote:</div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div
                                        style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">On<span> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">9 January 2024
                                              at 18:32</span><span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">(below)
                                              Stuart wrote:</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">”(...)
                                              responsible free will?
                                              Glad to argue for this.
                                              Gordana?”</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">"Life
                                              can only be understood
                                              backwards, but it must be
                                              lived forwards"</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">Søren
                                              Kierkegaard, Journalen
                                              JJ:167 (1843), Søren
                                              Kierkegaards Skrifter,
                                              Søren Kierkegaard Research
                                              Center, Copenhagen,
                                              1997--, volume 18, page
                                              306.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">L</span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">ife cannot be
                                              understood forward</span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">s</span><span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">since we cannot
                                              know all possible
                                              consequences of our
                                              present decisions. Despite
                                              this, ethical practice has
                                              found pragmatic solutions.
                                              For example, a popular
                                              ethics topic today is AI,
                                              a technology that is
                                              developing incredibly
                                              quickly. We have no idea
                                              what will come next year.
                                              Yet, people have started
                                              thinking about future
                                              scenarios, challenges,
                                              possible pitfalls, etc.
                                              Societies want to prepare
                                              even under uncertainty. We
                                              do this all the time.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">Ethics is a
                                              distributed intelligent
                                              learning adaptive system.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">The question of
                                              predicting a system's
                                              future behavior also
                                              relates to research. The
                                              paper "A third transition
                                              in science?" relates both<span> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">to<span> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">the methodology
                                              of prediction and the
                                              direction of the new
                                              transition in science, a
                                              post-Newtonian paradigm.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">The current
                                              paradigm shift is
                                              occurring in the material
                                              sciences—physics,
                                              chemistry, biology—as well
                                              as in other forms of
                                              knowledge production and<span> </span><b>meaning
                                                creation</b>.<span> </span></span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">At the
                                              foundation of information,<span> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif" lang="EN-US">there
                                              is<span> </span></span><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Light",sans-serif">the concept of
                                              'meaning'.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Book"">This meaning is tightly
                                              bound to values, but that
                                              is a subject for a new
                                              discussion.</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Book""> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Book"" lang="EN-US">Gordana</span></div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-family:"Avenir Book"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                              lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div style="border-style:solid
                                          none
                                          none;border-top-width:1pt;padding:3pt
                                          0cm
                                          0cm;border-color:currentcolor">
                                          <div>
                                            <div
                                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">From:<span> </span></span></b><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">Fis
                                                <</span><a
                                                href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">>
                                                on behalf of Stuart
                                                Kauffman <</span><a
                                                href="mailto:stukauffman@gmail.com"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">stukauffman@gmail.com</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">><br>
                                                <b>Date:<span> </span></b>Tuesday,
                                                9 January 2024 at 18:32<br>
                                                <b>To:<span> </span></b>Louis
                                                Kauffman <</span><a
                                                href="mailto:loukau@gmail.com"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">loukau@gmail.com</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">>,
                                                0 <</span><a
                                                href="mailto:stukauffman@gmail.com"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">stukauffman@gmail.com</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">><br>
                                                <b>Cc:<span> </span></b>fis
                                                <</span><a
                                                href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es"
style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">>,
                                                Andrea Roli <</span><a
href="mailto:andrea.roli@unibo.it"
                                                style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
                                                target="_blank"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                  style="font-size:12pt">andrea.roli@unibo.it</span></a><span
                                                style="font-size:12pt">><br>
                                                <b>Subject:<span> </span></b>Re:
                                                [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol
                                                108, Issue 5</span></div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"
                                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div
                                              style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lou
                                              how splendid!  I fully
                                              agree and perhaps even
                                              more. Wheeler’s wonderful
                                              20 questions is, as you
                                              say, OUR joint<span> </span><i>conscious<span> </span></i>construction
                                              of what will become. What
                                              becomes did not yet exist.</div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The
                                                clearest physical
                                                example is exactly the
                                                evolving biosphere.
                                                Whatever the Actual
                                                biosphere is now, it
                                                enables an
                                                un-prestatable Adjacent
                                                Possible into which it
                                                literally physically
                                                constructs itself. What
                                                is Actual now must be
                                                stable enough to enable
                                                what can next arise. The
                                                same thing occurs in the
                                                evolving global economy.
                                                Goods and services that
                                                now exist enable the
                                                coming into existence of
                                                new, non-prestatable,
                                                non-deducible
                                                complements and
                                                substitutes, screws and
                                                screwdrivers - screws
                                                and nails.</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">We
                                                do not know what is “in”
                                                the Adjacent Possible of
                                                the biosphere. We do not
                                                know the sample space of
                                                the process, so can have
                                                no probability measure
                                                nor even define
                                                “random”.</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">It
                                                is critical to our
                                                discussions to get
                                                beyond formal
                                                deductions. Evolving
                                                life is an evolving
                                                physical, in part,
                                                construction.</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Beyond
                                                the way the biosphere
                                                physically constructs
                                                itself without appeal to
                                                MIND and consciousness,
                                                we also are conscious,
                                                choose and act. Ask any
                                                Venture Capitalists and
                                                entrepreneurs. They
                                                cannot deduce - compute
                                                “The risk”.</div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As
                                                Soren Kirkegord roughly
                                                said, We live our lives
                                                forward into mystery.</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Uhoh,
                                                responsible free will?
                                                Glad to argue for this.
                                                Gordana?</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div
                                                style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Stu</div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                  style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <blockquote
                                                  style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt"
                                                  type="cite">
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div
                                                        style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On
                                                        Jan 8, 2024, at
                                                        8:38 AM, Louis
                                                        Kauffman <<a
href="mailto:loukau@gmail.com"
                                                          style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">loukau@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Dear
                                                          Stu,</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The
                                                          constituents
                                                          of your
                                                          Kantian wholes
                                                          still obey the
                                                          laws of
                                                          physics. I am
                                                          made of atoms
                                                          and
                                                          molecules. </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In
                                                          studying
                                                          mathematics
                                                          the structures
                                                          obey the
                                                          axioms I have
                                                          chosen to
                                                          study, but
                                                          they are not
                                                          so constrained
                                                          by them that
                                                          they do not
                                                          have
                                                          surprising
                                                          behaviour.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The
                                                          prime numbers
                                                          obey the Peano
                                                          axioms but
                                                          that does not
                                                          make them
                                                          staid and
                                                          predictable,
                                                          quite the
                                                          contrary.
                                                          Novelty arises
                                                          in relation to
                                                          constraints.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Look
                                                          at the
                                                          molecular
                                                          biology. We
                                                          are pretty
                                                          damn sure the
                                                          the molecules
                                                          in the cell
                                                          obey physical
                                                          law all the
                                                          way down to
                                                          quantum
                                                          mechanics. And
                                                          those
                                                          molecules have
                                                          evolved into
                                                          the dance of
                                                          life. How
                                                          those
                                                          evolutions
                                                          occurred is
                                                          your fantastic
                                                          study AND all
                                                          that occurred
                                                          as far as we
                                                          can tell with
                                                          no violation
                                                          of physical
                                                          law.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I
                                                          see that every
                                                          even number
                                                          not equal to 2
                                                          is the sum of
                                                          two odd primes
                                                          (in many
                                                          ways!) I also
                                                          see that
                                                          whenever this
                                                          happens it
                                                          happens within
                                                          the rules of
                                                          arithmetic.
                                                          The rules of
                                                          arithmetic do
                                                          not deny this
                                                          phenomenon,
                                                          but it may
                                                          well be that
                                                          they neither
                                                          predict it or
                                                          make it
                                                          possible for
                                                          it to be
                                                          deduced from
                                                          them. That is
                                                          the way things
                                                          are.
                                                          Constraints
                                                          are part and
                                                          parcel of
                                                          creativity.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Ah,
                                                          but you ask
                                                          Why can
                                                          Physics have
                                                          constraining
                                                          laws? Ha! </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Note
                                                          that in the
                                                          Feynman Path
                                                          Integral
                                                          version of QM
                                                          the “particle”
                                                          does whatever
                                                          it likes.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The
                                                          laws arise
                                                          from the phase
                                                          relationships
                                                          of the
                                                          particles that
                                                          arrive at a
                                                          given “place”
                                                          in conjunction
                                                          with assumed
                                                          properties of
                                                          “observers”. </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Wheeler
                                                          in his book on
                                                          Gravity
                                                          (Misner,
                                                          Thorne and
                                                          Wheeler)
                                                          speaks
                                                          eloquently
                                                          about “Law
                                                          without Law”.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I
                                                          suggest you
                                                          read John
                                                          Wheeler who,
                                                          in my opinion
                                                          has the best
                                                          answer to this
                                                          question in
                                                          terms of his </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Parable
                                                          of the Game of
                                                          Twenty
                                                          Questions.  </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">I
                                                          can send you
                                                          my paper
                                                          related to
                                                          that but it
                                                          will be too
                                                          long for this
                                                          email. </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Excerpt
                                                          included
                                                          below.</div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">86.
                                                          Here is a
                                                          remarkable
                                                          story told by
                                                          the physicist
                                                          John Archibald
                                                          Wheeler about
                                                          a Game of
                                                          Twenty
                                                          Questions
                                                          (Davies, P.C.W
                                                          and Brown, J.
                                                          R. (1986)): “
                                                          Then my turn
                                                          came .... I
                                                          was locked out
                                                          an
                                                          unbelievably
                                                          long time. On
                                                          finally being
                                                          readmitted, I
                                                          found a smile
                                                          on everyone’s
                                                          face, a sign
                                                          of a joke or a
                                                          plot. I
                                                          nevertheless
                                                          started my
                                                          attempt to
                                                          find the word.
                                                          ‘Is it an
                                                          animal?’ ‘No.’
                                                          Is it a
                                                          mineral?’
                                                          ‘Yes.’ ‘Is it
                                                          green?’ ‘No.’
                                                          ‘Is it white?’
                                                          ‘Yes.’ These
                                                          answers came
                                                          quickly. Then
                                                          the questions
                                                          took longer in
                                                          the answering.
                                                          All I wanted
                                                          from my
                                                          friends was a
                                                          simple ‘yes’
                                                          or ‘no’. Yet
                                                          the one
                                                          queried would
                                                          think and
                                                          think before
                                                          responding.
                                                          Finally I felt
                                                          I was getting
                                                          hot on the
                                                          trail, that
                                                          the word might
                                                          be<span> </span><i>cloud</i>.
                                                          I knew I was
                                                          allowed only
                                                          one chance at
                                                          the final
                                                          word. I
                                                          ventured it:
                                                          ‘Is it<span> </span><i>cloud</i>?’
                                                          ‘Yes,’ came
                                                          the reply, and
                                                          everyone in
                                                          the room burst
                                                          out laughing.
                                                          They explained
                                                          to me that
                                                          there had been
                                                          no word in the
                                                          room. They had
                                                          agreed not to
                                                          agree on a
                                                          word. Each one
                                                          questioned
                                                          could answer
                                                          as he pleased
                                                          – with one
                                                          requirement
                                                          that he should
                                                          have a word in
                                                          mind
                                                          compatible
                                                          with his own
                                                          response and
                                                          all that had
                                                          gone before.
                                                          Otherwise, if
                                                          I challenged,
                                                          he lost.</span></div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This
                                                          surprise
                                                          version of
                                                          Twenty
                                                          Questions was
                                                          therefore as
                                                          difficult for
                                                          my colleagues
                                                          as it was for
                                                          me ... What is
                                                          the symbolism
                                                          of the story?
                                                          The world, we
                                                          once believed,
                                                          exists<span> </span><i>out
                                                          there<span> </span></i>independent
                                                          of any act of
                                                          observation.
                                                          ... I,
                                                          entering the
                                                          room, thought
                                                          the room
                                                          contained a
                                                          definite word.
                                                          In actuality,
                                                          the word was
                                                          developed step
                                                          by step
                                                          through the
                                                          questions I
                                                          raised ... Had
                                                          I asked
                                                          different
                                                          questions or
                                                          the same
                                                          questions in a
                                                          different
                                                          order I would
                                                          have ended up
                                                          with a
                                                          different word
                                                          ... However,
                                                          the power I
                                                          had in
                                                          bringing the
                                                          particular
                                                          word<span> </span><i>cloud<span> </span></i>into
                                                          being was
                                                          partial only.
                                                          A major part
                                                          of the
                                                          selection lay
                                                          in the ‘yes’
                                                          or ‘no’
                                                          replies of the
                                                          colleagues
                                                          around the
                                                          room ... In
                                                          the game, no
                                                          word is a word
                                                          until that
                                                          word is
                                                          promoted to
                                                          reality by the
                                                          choice of
                                                          questions
                                                          asked and
                                                          answers
                                                          given.”
                                                          Wheeler’s
                                                          allegorical
                                                          fable was
                                                          intended to
                                                          illuminate the
                                                          conditions of
                                                          the quantum
                                                          physicist. In
                                                          quantum
                                                          physics no
                                                          phenomenon is
                                                          an actual
                                                          phenomenon
                                                          until it is
                                                          observed and
                                                          agreed upon by
                                                          all the
                                                          physics
                                                          colleagues.
                                                          The story just
                                                          as well
                                                          illustrates
                                                          the world of
                                                          social
                                                          interaction.</span><span
style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Helvetica"></span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">87.
                                                          My thesis is
                                                          that all
                                                          attempts to
                                                          find stable
                                                          knowledge of
                                                          the world are
                                                          attempts to
                                                          find theories
                                                          accompanied by
                                                          eigenforms in
                                                          the actual
                                                          reflexivity of
                                                          the world into
                                                          which one is
                                                          thrown. The
                                                          world itself
                                                          is affected by
                                                          the actions of
                                                          its
                                                          participants
                                                          at all levels.
                                                          One finds out
                                                          about the
                                                          nature of the
                                                          world by
                                                          acting upon
                                                          it. The
                                                          distinctions
                                                          one makes
                                                          change and
                                                          create the
                                                          world. The
                                                          world makes
                                                          those
                                                          possibilities
                                                          for
                                                          distinctions
                                                          available in
                                                          terms of our
                                                          actions. Given
                                                          this point of
                                                          view, one can
                                                          ask, as one
                                                          should of a
                                                          theory,
                                                          whether there
                                                          is empirical
                                                          evidence for
                                                          this idea that
                                                          stable
                                                          knowledge is
                                                          equivalent to
                                                          the production
                                                          of eigenforms.
                                                          In this case
                                                          we have only
                                                          to look at
                                                          what we do and
                                                          see that
                                                          whenever
                                                          “something is
                                                          the case” then
                                                          there is an
                                                          orchestration
                                                          of actions
                                                          that leaves
                                                          the something
                                                          invariant,
                                                          making that
                                                          something into
                                                          an eigenform
                                                          for those
                                                          actions. The
                                                          eigenform
                                                          thesis is not
                                                          itself a
                                                          matter of
                                                          empirical
                                                          science. It is
                                                          a matter of
                                                          definition,
                                                          albeit
                                                          circular
                                                          definition.
                                                          Another point
                                                          of view is
                                                          that the
                                                          empirical
                                                          evidence is
                                                          all around
                                                          you. Examine
                                                          any thing. How
                                                          does it come
                                                          to be for you?
                                                          Investigate
                                                          the question
                                                          and you will
                                                          find that
                                                          thing is
                                                          maintained by
                                                          actions. The
                                                          action could
                                                          be as simple
                                                          as opening
                                                          your eyes and
                                                          looking at the
                                                          cloudy sky.
                                                          With that
                                                          action, the
                                                          cloudy sky
                                                          comes to be
                                                          for you. I do
                                                          not assert
                                                          that this is
                                                          the usual
                                                          scientific
                                                          explanation of
                                                          cloudy sky.
                                                          But if you
                                                          want to work
                                                          with such
                                                          things then it
                                                          is usually
                                                          even more
                                                          transparent.
                                                          The sharp
                                                          spectral lines
                                                          of Helium are
                                                          the result of
                                                          setting up a
                                                          very
                                                          particular
                                                          experiment
                                                          that produces
                                                          them. The
                                                          experiment,
                                                          its equipment,
                                                          the scientists
                                                          and all that
                                                          is needed to
                                                          perform it is
                                                          the
                                                          transformation
                                                          whose
                                                          eigenform is
                                                          the spectrum
                                                          of Helium.<span> </span></span><span
style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Helvetica"></span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">88.
                                                          It is a
                                                          fruitful
                                                          beginning to
                                                          look at
                                                          present
                                                          scientific
                                                          endeavors and
                                                          to see how
                                                          they are
                                                          interrelated
                                                          and find
                                                          connections
                                                          among them, to
                                                          engage in
                                                          meta-scientific
                                                          activity. This
                                                          can reveal how
                                                          theories,
                                                          seemingly
                                                          objective,
                                                          actually
                                                          affect the
                                                          world through
                                                          their very
                                                          being, and how
                                                          these actions
                                                          on the world
                                                          come to affect
                                                          the theories
                                                          themselves. In
                                                          exploring the
                                                          world, we find
                                                          regularities.
                                                          It is possible
                                                          that these
                                                          regularities
                                                          are our own
                                                          footprint. In
                                                          the end we
                                                          shall begin to
                                                          understand the
                                                          mystery of the
                                                          eigenforms
                                                          that we have
                                                          created,
                                                          constructed
                                                          and found.</span><span
style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Helvetica"></span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">(LK
                                                          in
                                                          Constructivist
                                                          Foundations,
                                                          Vol. 11, No.
                                                          3)</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">This
                                                          is of course
                                                          related to
                                                          Wheeler’s “It
                                                          from Bit”.
                                                          Each question
                                                          gives a bit of
                                                          information.
                                                          The whole
                                                          pattern of
                                                          questioning
                                                          gives the
                                                          resulting
                                                          world of
                                                          “everything
                                                          that is the
                                                          case”. The
                                                          striking thing
                                                          in the parable
                                                          is the lack of
                                                          causality, and
                                                          the
                                                          philosophical
                                                          question: How
                                                          much comes
                                                          just from our
                                                          demand for
                                                          consistency?
                                                          And you will
                                                          note to what
                                                          great lengths
                                                          we go as
                                                          (mathematical)
                                                          scientists to
                                                          preserve
                                                          consistency
                                                          even in the
                                                          face of
                                                          acausality.</span><span
style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Helvetica"></span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Best,</span><span
style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Helvetica"></span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Lou</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span
                                                          style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Times
                                                          New
                                                          Roman",serif"> </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <blockquote
                                                          style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt"
                                                          type="cite">
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">On
                                                          Jan 7, 2024,
                                                          at 7:27 AM,
                                                          Stuart
                                                          Kauffman <<a
href="mailto:stukauffman@gmail.com"
                                                          style="color:blue;text-decoration:underline"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">stukauffman@gmail.com</a>>
                                                          wrote:</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Thank
                                                          you Lou. I
                                                          agree.
                                                          Creativity is
                                                          not deduction.
                                                          Given what you
                                                          write, Andrea
                                                          and I claim to
                                                          have shown
                                                          that no laws
                                                          at all entail
                                                          of the
                                                          evolution of
                                                          the biosphere
                                                          which is a
                                                          non-deducible,
                                                          propagating,
                                                          construction.
                                                          Assume this is
                                                          correct. But
                                                          physics DOES
                                                          HAVE LAWS THAT
                                                          ENTAIL. So  if
                                                          Andrea and Stu
                                                          are right and
                                                          physics with
                                                          laws is right,
                                                          why can
                                                          physics have
                                                          entailing laws
                                                          but not the
                                                          evolving
                                                          biosphere. One
                                                          answer is that
                                                          living
                                                          organisms
                                                          really are
                                                          Kantian Wholes
                                                          with Catalytic
                                                          and Constraint
                                                          closure, that
                                                          can evolve new
                                                          boundary
                                                          conditions
                                                          creating novel
                                                          phase spaces,
                                                          that can
                                                          evolve and
                                                          create
                                                          ever-new phase
                                                          spaces by<span> </span><i>selection
                                                          on the whole,
                                                          which is
                                                          downward
                                                          causation</i><span> </span>for
                                                          those feature
                                                          that survive
                                                          and propagate
                                                          best in the
                                                          current
                                                          context - and
                                                          there is no
                                                          prior
                                                          description of
                                                          what the
                                                          current
                                                          context will
                                                          become. </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">But
                                                          even if Andrea
                                                          and I are
                                                          right about
                                                          evolving life,
                                                          why can
                                                          PHYSICS have
                                                          entailing
                                                          laws?</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">All
                                                          very odd.</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div
                                                          style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Stu</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </blockquote>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                  </div>
                                  <div
                                    style="margin:0cm;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                          <span
id="m_6695739565668760569m_827496282872573653cid:9A156325FF0C394E86040BAC3ACC541C@SWEP280.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM"><Information,
                            computation, and causality in living
                            systems-Carlos Gershenson.pdf></span></div>
                      </blockquote>
                    </div>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
    </div>
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