<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Cycles 101<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">2023 12 06<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Dear Krassimir,<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">As an introduction, let me repeat my honest
gratitude towards your enlightened attitude what regards my work. Since some
twenty years ago, the Journals you are the Chief Editor of have published some
five or six articles of mine, the last one, a good summary of the matter, this
past Summer. In view of this trust, let me comment on two of your points, where
we appear not to sing from the same sheet.<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">In your mail of today, you wrote:<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><i>… the question remains open
as to how the new paradigm will be implemented on the computers we have</i><i>.<span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is
what friends of soccer call in rhetoric a “match ball”. May I answer as clearly
and pointedly as your question was phrased:<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><i>… the question is no more open, because the algorithms have
been found that allow implementing the new paradigm on the computers we have. <span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">To
explicate, let me bring forward a message you have sent a few weeks ago:<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><i>Thousands of math and
computer science students study combinatorics, which means that permutations
and cycles (loops) are part of first-year studies and exercises.<span></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Would you do me a
favor and arrange for the next semester’s exercises in combinatorics</span> to
include the following simple introductory task:<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14pt;line-height:107%">Combinatorics
101 – Cycles<span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Task 1: Establish definition of cycles by deictic
method<span></span></u></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Take 12 pieces of paper.
Write the letters ‘A, B, … , K, L’ on them. Shuffle the papers well.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Write the numbers ‘1, 2, …,
11, 12’ on them. The result is a random assignment of a letter to a
number. The papers are presently ordered according to the numbers. Line up
the papers on your desk in the present sequence.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Now you reorder the papers
into the alphabetical order. Keep a protocol about the push-away incidents
that occur as you replace a paper with a different one. If a paper that
you move to its target place finds that target place empty, then this
cycle has become closed. Keep track of which paper has moved where till
its cycle got closed-<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Tabulate the cycles. The
number of cycles in a reorder is called the fragmentation of the reorder. The
number of members in a cycle is named the length of the cycle. The sum of
the distances that a paper has been moved is called the run of the cycle.
The term carry is self-evident but will not be applied here.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Compare the results of the
students. Do these random results appear to cluster? (In this case, one
could speak about spontaneous self-creation of structures.) <span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:107%">(Aside: this is the stage we are at presently
in Fis. The learned friends have not yet given their results in.)</span><span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u>Task 2: Formalize and discuss convergence<span></span></u></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Regenerate the exercise on
your computer, calling the alphabet values from the experience <i>variable
a, </i>the numeric symbols <i>variable b</i>. Use <i>a,b ≤ d; a ≤ b.</i><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Generate the values <i>R<sub>d</sub>
</i>(for <i>fRagmentation of the cohort with d(d+1)/2 members), </i>for
the number of cycles in cohorts <i>(a,b) </i>during reorders [ab ↔ ba] in
the set of pairs <i>(i,j), 1 ≤ i ≤ j ≤ n</i> for the first few 100 <i>d. </i>Check
against <i><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://oeis.org/A235647__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!QtkY1D5Nz_veuqBM3Cwwqb5GyRwQBKZa8yEcs4sghfv-UDyABC9KgsAlawAuBexlknWoaF71ptCMQ1yeDNdugL75wbQ$">oeis.org/A235647</a>. </i><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Generate aspects of <i>(a,b)
: c = a+b; k = b – 2a; u = b- a; t = 2b – 3a; q = a – 2b; s = (d + 1) – (a
+ b); w = </i><i>2a – 3b, </i>where <i>d </i>is the number of different <i>a,b </i>in that cohort. Generate
72 sorting orders, based on one of the aspects <i>{a,b,c,k,u,t,q,s,w} </i>being
the first, outer, senior sorting criterium, and a different one of the
same collection of aspects being the second, inner, junior sorting
criterium. Resort from 72 ‘predecessor’ into 71 ‘successor’ sorting
orders. Redo the extension exercise for the first few 100 arguments of <i>d
</i>with these <i>72*71 </i>aspects, which we call the <b>catalogued reorders,</b>
noting the fragmentation, length, run, carry attributes. Do you find convergence?<span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt"><u>Task 3: Self-creation of
structures<span></span></u></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Set<i> d = 16, → n = 136. </i><span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Repeatedly generate random permutations of the <i>n</i>
pairs of<i> (a,b). </i>Discuss,
whether any two random permutations <i>RP<sub>1</sub>, RP<sub>2</sub> </i>are
closer to each other than any <i>RP<sub>i</sub></i> is close to any of the catalogued
reorders’s statements of facts. <span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt"><u>Task 4: Create spaces<span></span></u></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="a">
<li class="MsoNormal">Find such among the
catalogued reorders which share axes that generate a plane in which there
are <i>45</i> cycles of length <i>3</i>
and <i>1</i> of length <i>1</i>.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Assemble two Descartes-type
spaces of these planes.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Note the two planes that
transcend the two Descartes-type spaces.<span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Find the coordinates of the
Central Elements and discuss whether there are two, three or four Central
Elements.<span></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">This Introduction to Order
Combinatorics course should not take more than three – five units, days, weeks
or months. You do have the executive authority to ask a junior lecturer to
include this exercise within his didactic material in probability, number theory,
combinatorics or whatever name the general course has. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">By the method of charging a subordinate
you save yourself the inner fight whether you will or you will not part with your
long-standing belief that if you count something that is made of natural
numbers, there can basically never be a surprise, because all neighborhoods are
of unitary nature. Whichever way you count a matrix, there will always remain
that many rows and columns as you started with. Believe it or not, this is an
outdated idea. Turns out, if you follow the melee exactly that comes from
ordering and reordering, you will find values for a membrane that separates
values from surely existing to maybe existing, which also means that the number
of rows and columns becomes a value dependent on the succinctness of how the
fact is expressed in the matrix. The very idea of redundance emerges at first,
but where there is redundance, there is information.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">Let your assistant work with the
students, the task is kosher, and you and your team will serve in the sense of
the taxpayer if you cause them to solve abstract problems of where is what,
when and how much of it. <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">Then, after your students and
assistants will have done the exercises and credibly report having found
nothing remarkable, then you repeat your assertion that one cannot teach an old
mathematician any new tricks of data processing, specifically not in the field
of combinatorics of cycles. You may, however, incline to consider that the
economics of and within the combinatorics of cycles could contain some juicy
news. <span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:107%">(Aside: Francesco, you hear?)</span> The
bet is still on, this is solid stuff and good business. One wonders why no
business-oriented people make any remarks in this chatroom. Mendel tries to
explain to you that there are clear logical-numerical rules to future events,
Leo Szilard explains to you one possible method of how the future is formed (in
the present case, it is not chain reaction but loop reaction), and it is okay
that fellow learned friends are by no means eager to understand someone else’s
good ideas, but practically minded people would recognize the business of
genetic and the scope of the Manhattan project, presently called AI project. The
key question was in 1985: how does the DNA translate from linear into multidimensional
and back? Here is the answer in Combinatorics 101 – Cycles (the spaces turn in three
phases). This should be worth something in commercial circles, isn’t it. As a
bonus there are the corollaries for the natural sciences, being necessary
half-steps in the argumentation, how a linearly placed symbol determines the
properties of a specific subspace in a complex melee of planes and spaces.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">To summarize: <span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">The bet is still on. The solution
you say is impossible to implement on today’s computers, but which you also say
is everyday knowledge in introductions to combinatorics, is indeed here and is
indeed a new methodology and is furthermore easily implementable on today’s
computers. In every other point, I share your views (and your good-natured humor).
<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">Respectfully, with friendly
greetings:<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt">Karl<span></span></p></div></div>