<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Plamen,<div class="">You are hoping for AI language programs that can actually engage in reason.</div><div class="">They do not yet exist.</div><div class="">We do not yet have AI in this sense.</div><div class="">It is the right goal and it can come when there is a proper synthesis of the non-publicized formal system handling and theorem proving systems and the </div><div class="">language generation systems. The present language generation systems are producing language on the basis of most probable word generation from a big data base of human texts. This is not artificial intelligence, but it is being huckstered as such, alas. We can do better and we shall do better if the world survives.</div><div class="">Best,</div><div class="">Lou</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Oct 27, 2023, at 7:40 AM, Dr. Plamen L. Simeonov <<a href="mailto:plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com" class="">plamen.l.simeonov@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">Thank you, Pedro, for this smart introduction of a new aspect.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">Particularly, I am convinced that we urgently need AI help, particularly in human patent and civil law with its plenty of subfields to achieve true justice.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">The current situation in many countries is that law courts are just stuck in cases and the many decision loops depend on an obsolete hierarchy and freedom of interpretation by smart lawyers and "lawmakers", i.e. parliament/congress representatives which does not often mean justice as the people at the basis understand it. In my view this is one of the reasons why modern societies degrade: the lack of operative justice.   </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">I know a German professor and inventor who tried to make an AI based patent law proof engine. But his invention got stuck in the need for unambiguous syntax and semantics of the law LLMs used to be given to the engine for binary processing. This "AI law machine" would be a great invention, but it would certainly make generations of lawyers and politicians unemployed, which I wholeheartedly welcome ;-)</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">By the way, coming back shortly to my former essay on AI "wisdom" today: I think that the best way to avoid and kill tyranny these day is perhaps to invent and switch on to a new "own" coded language and ignore all the narrative bombarding us with the globalists' transhumanist propaganda. So, we can leave them using the conventional English as they wish. So, the more people move to this new "Dumbledore" invented coded language, the less power the unelected tyrants will have on us. What do you think?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">Best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763">Plamen</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;color:#073763"><br class=""></div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Oct 27, 2023 at 2:16 PM Pedro C. Marijuán <<a href="mailto:pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com" class="">pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
  
    
  
  <div class="">
    <div class="">Dear List, (I have just seen Plamen's;
      I could rephrase some of the below for the sake of the argument,
      but it would become too long. And about the server--Karl-- and
      also Marcus, yes something is happening, I cannot accede to it
      either. I will check).<br class="">
    </div>
    <div class=""><br class="">
    </div>
    <div class="">Then, regarding the ongoing exchanges
      on Wisdom, I was reminded of the TURING TEST (<span lang="en" class="">from wiki: if a machine can
          engage in a conversation with a human without being detected
          as a machine, it has demonstrated human intelligence). The
          test was applauded or seriously considered decades ago, but
          now it is just a bygone obsolete item. Any domestic AI system
          passes the test. In my case I disliked that test when I met it
          first time (late 70s). I considered it as a symbol of the very
          superficial "theorizing" in those new fields... so I changed
          gears and finally focused on "natural intelligence". <br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class="">Regarding wisdom, we take it as a exclusively
          human quality, and seemingly binary. Either yes or no. Humans
          have wisdom, machines don't. But like in the case of
          intelligence, it probably is graded. For the "formal"
          intelligence, an IQ gradation was easily established time ago,
          not quite perfect, but it was very widely used everywhere.
          The, how an IQ of wisdom could be established? Really
          difficult... it is the ages old divergence between the
          analytical and the integrative, the reductionist versus the
          holistic. <br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class="">My take is that around Large Language Models a
          pretty small but noticeable enough portion of wisdom has been
          achieved, see for instance from the below quotation. I am
          lightly cooperating in the AI field "sentiment analysis", and
          have high hopes that it can contribute to an improved
          rationalization of human social emotions, the study of which
          is painfully in disarray ins Psycho and Sociology. No wonder
          the awful mental state of many people in a number of
          societies... There is a wonderful quotation from philosopher
          Ortega y Gasset about that (but unfortunately cannot locate
          it).</span><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class="">All the best--Pedro</span><br class="">
      <span lang="en" class=""><span class=""><b class=""><br class="">
          </b></span></span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><span class=""><b class="">Theory of Mind for Multi-Agent Collaboration
            via Large Language Models</b>. From Huao Li et al. , at:
          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.10701__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!WGQRbH1p47y_3QmXG5cnkavkcLaI6dQneyi1TygmW_kNa1lYM_Mf8gzFCzkD_vh6TMhRW5t-xmMIP2ud1gTy45FYyBUR$" target="_blank" class="">https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.10701</a></span></span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class="">"In this study, we assessed the ability of
          recent large
          language models (LLMs) to conduct embodied
          interactions in a team task. Our results demonstrate that
          LLM-based agents can handle complex
          multi-agent collaborative tasks at a level comparable with the
          state-of-the-art reinforcement learning
          algorithm. <b class="">We also observed evidence of emergent
            collaborative behaviors and high-order Theory of Mind
            capabilities</b> among LLM-based agents.
          These findings confirm the potential intelligence of
          LLMs in formal reasoning, world knowledge, situation modeling
          and social interactions. Furthermore,
          we discussed two systematic failures that limit the
          performance of LLM-based agents and proposed
          a prompt-engineering method that <b class="">mitigates these
            failures by incorporating an explicit belief state
            about world knowledge</b> into the model input."</span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><br class="">
        </span></div>
    <div class=""><span lang="en" class=""><span class=""></span></span>El 27/10/2023 a las 12:36, Eric
      Werner escribió:<br class="">
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" class=""><p class="">Dear Yixin,</p><p class="">As you know from my different responses regarding Wisdom and
        Meta-AI (Artificial Wisdom) I am of a rather split opinion: </p><p class="">On the one hand, the poetic emotional side of me sees the
        necessary inclusion of an ethics of fairness for all living
        creatures. I am skeptical, like you, that AI can achieve this
        consistently. I am worried about the ramifications of using AI
        systems in a military-governmental decision making process. <br class="">
      </p><p class="">On the other hand, it may well come about that Meta-AI is
        possible. Such a system poses questions, creates new problems
        that it then solves.   Such a Meta-AI system could rapidly
        explore different combinations of explicit and implicit
        theoretical assumptions. Leading to new theories about nature
        and the world. It could then propose new experiments that
        confirm or disconfirm its theory or hypotheses. It could see
        long range relationships, logical, mathematical in different
        specialized theories or mental frameworks.  Meta-AI is one of
        the founding cornerstones of General AI.  It presupposes that
        reasoning and not just parroting  can be learned in some way.  <br class="">
      </p><p class="">Some more thoughts on Wisdom: <br class="">
      </p>
      <div dir="ltr" class="">
        <div class="">
          <h1 class="">Human wisdom is distributed and contradictory<br class="">
          </h1>
        </div>
        <ul class="">
          <li class=""><b class="">AI models can contain all of human wisdom </b>-
            including conflicting Wisdom<br class="">
          </li>
          <li class=""><b class="">Conflicting Wisdom:</b></li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">One societies Wisdom may be another societies doom<br class="">
            </li>
          </ul>
          <li class=""><b class="">Realpolitik of human wisdom</b></li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">As soon as limited resources, come in we get conflict</li>
          </ul>
          <li class=""><b class="">Imagine 10 people </b>on the land that supports 10
            people if they all share what they find among the other 10</li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">If they are greedy, it reduces the population</li>
            <li class="">It depends on if they really need 10 to find the food
              for 10. If five are sufficient to survive on the same land
              with less stress, then there’s a temptation to get rid of
              or disadvange the other five</li>
            <li class="">Increase and search or intelligence algorithms whether a
              genetic or soft can lead to more resource findings</li>
            <li class="">Sharing knowledge leads to greater distributed,
              productivity and more can join the community</li>
          </ul>
          <li class="">T<b class="">he life and death struggle</b></li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">Imagine another group of 10 comes in to the same area
              that supports only 10. Then we get conflict. They may
              cooperate but half have to die because of limited
              resources.</li>
            <li class="">Same holds for university positions</li>
            <li class="">Same holds for a limited resources in well-to-do
              societies versus less able societies</li>
            <li class="">Taking advantage of one side's ability against the other</li>
          </ul>
          <li class=""><b class="">Power Creates Laws to Perpetuate Power </b><br class="">
          </li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">Speech is regulated, prevent thought and action that may
              lead to change of the status quo of power</li>
            <li class="">Servants must be servile <br class="">
            </li>
            <li class="">Those in power must pretend to be generous to the extent
              that the servant does not rebel</li>
            <li class="">The good master (wants to be seen as Wise, knowing what
              is good for the underlings)<br class="">
            </li>
            <li class="">The parasite must not kill its host, unless or until it
              can jump to another host</li>
            <li class="">A parasite of a parasite leads to a hierarchy of
              parasites <br class="">
            </li>
          </ul>
          <li class="">L<b class="">imited Resources Disturb the Ideal of Fairness and
              Absolute Wisdom</b><br class="">
          </li>
          <ul class="">
            <li class="">As soon as limited resources come into play the ideal no
              longer works</li>
            <li class="">The group with more power in the given environment can
              win the resources</li>
            <li class="">With limited resources, there can be no compromise after
              a certain point of sharing</li>
          </ul>
        </ul>
        Thus my ambivalence concerning Wisdom.</div>
      <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div dir="ltr" class="">Best wishes,</div>
      <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
      </div>
      <div dir="ltr" class="">Eric<br class="">
      </div>
      <br class="">
      <br class="">
      <div class="">On 10/25/23 2:12 PM, 钟义信 wrote:<br class="">
      </div>
      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
        
        <div class="">Dear Eric,</div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">There have many mysteries remained in wisdom. This is one
          of the reasons that the concept of AI does not involve wisdom
          and therefore AI is able to solve problem but is unable to
          define problem. </div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">Wisdom is creative in nature but AI is not. It is my belief
          that humans can build up AI but cannot build up AW (artificial
          wisdom).</div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">Wisdom can only be owned by humans but not by any machines.
          Do you think so? Please give comments on the point.</div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">Best regards,</div>
        <div class=""><br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">Yixin  <br class="">
          <br class="">
          ----------<br class=""><p class="">该邮件从移动设备发送<br class="">
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          </p>
          <br class="">
          <br class="">
          --------------原始邮件--------------<br class="">
          发件人:"Eric Werner "<a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org" target="_blank" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>;<br class="">
          发送时间:2023年10月25日(星期三) 晚上7:00<br class="">
          收件人:"钟义信" <a href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn" target="_blank" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>;<br class="">
          抄送:"Joeseph Brenner "<a href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch" target="_blank" class=""><joe.brenner@bluewin.ch></a>;"fis
          "<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;<br class="">
          主题:Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 105, Issue 12 Human Wisdom vs
          Meta-Intelligence<br class="">
          -----------------------------------<br class="">
        </div>
        <div class="">
          <div class="">Dear Yixin,
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class=""><span style="font-size:19px" class=""><b class="">The Relativity and
                  Realpolitik of Human Wisdom:</b></span></div>
            <div class=""><span style="font-size:19px" class=""><b class=""><br class="">
                </b></span></div>
            <div class="">Once we relativize Wisdom to human beings and excluded
              from artificial intelligent systems then wisdom will vary
              over different human beings. A grandmother may have a
              different kind of wisdom then a grandfather.  It will vary
              in different cultures. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Another problem is that wisdom can be for the good of
              all or for the good of a few if it’s restricted or if it’s
              malevolent. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">“Knowing how”  is a kind of strategic wisdom that can
              be transferred from one person to another or from a AI
              model to another AI model,  robot,  or human. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">To set the boundary between what is beneficial for all
              human beings may and what is not may in itself create an
              inherent contradiction. This is especially so if there is
              conflict between groups of humans or animals or even AI
              systems. <br class="">
              <br class="">
              It may be that a met-AI system may be better at
              differentiating in a neutral way between human needs
              because of its inherent nonhuman neutrality.  This of
              course, has its problems as well.  Indeed the very
              creation of the AI model may be set with bias, as is seen
              in the conflicts between leftist and rightist AI models.
               Determining neutrality may be impossible in a social
              setting of diverse beliefs. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">What may be perceived as good for one group of humans
              may be disastrous for another group of human beings. This
              is seen clearly in the relationship between humans and
              animals where what is good for humans is not always good
              for say a pig or a cow or a duck or a chicken. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Thus even the notion of being good for all human beings
              maybe beset with problems that are potentially
              insurmountable especially in the political world. </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">So that is the realpolitik and relativity of human
              wisdom.</div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Best wishes,</div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class="">Eric </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
            </div>
            <div class=""><br class="">
              <div dir="ltr" class="">Sent from my iPad</div>
              <div dir="ltr" class=""><br class="">
                <blockquote type="cite" class="">On Oct 25, 2023, at 12:25 PM,
                  钟义信 <a href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn" target="_blank" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>
                  wrote:<br class="">
                  <br class="">
                </blockquote>
              </div>
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div dir="ltr" class="">
                  <div class="">Dear Joe, Eric, and colleagues,</div>
                  <div class=""><br class="">
                  </div>
                  <div class="">For the simplity of my reply I just emphase one
                    point that is, all study carried out by humans
                    should be based on human centered stand. Otherwise,
                    humans' research leads to extinguish humans
                    themself. That would be meaningless.</div>
                  <div class=""><br class="">
                  </div>
                  <div class="">Best regards, <br class="">
                    <br class="">
                    ----------<br class=""><p class="">该邮件从移动设备发送<br class="">
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                    <br class="">
                    --------------原始邮件--------------<br class="">
                    发件人:"Joeseph Brenner "<a href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch" target="_blank" class=""><joe.brenner@bluewin.ch></a>;<br class="">
                    发送时间:2023年10月25日(星期三) 下午5:17<br class="">
                    收件人:"Eric Werner" <a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org" target="_blank" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>;"钟义信"
                    <a href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn" target="_blank" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>;"fis"
                    <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;<br class="">
                    主题:Re: Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 105, Issue 12 Human
                    Wisdom vs Meta-Intelligence<br class="">
                    -----------------------------------<br class="">
                  </div>
                  <div class="">
                    <div class=""><font size="3" class="">Dear Yixin, Dear Eric,</font>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class=""><br class="">
                        </font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class="">I very much welcome your
                          complexification of the notion of
                          wisdom/intelligence. First of all, it
                          eliminates the flavor of omnipotence which
                          accompanies some discourse on Artificial
                          Intelligence.</font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class=""><br class="">
                        </font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class="">One now needs to define
                          further the characteristics of Human Centered
                          Wisdom (what Yixin has been talking about all
                          along) so that the same mistakes are not made
                          in discussing Artificial Human Centered
                          Wisdom.</font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class=""><br class="">
                        </font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class="">My suggestion would be to look
                          at the kinds of logic ("Eastern" or "Western")
                          that are most applicable to/in the two
                          domains. Are we  sure, however, that all our
                          objectives can be achieved by reference to
                          problem solving. Of course, living with
                          unsolved problems simply carries out an
                          additional iteration or recursion step, but it
                          might be worthwhile if this were recognized
                          explicitly.</font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class=""><br class="">
                        </font></div>
                      <div class=""><span class="">Eric concludes
                          "It seems AHCW is more restrictive than AMI".
                          I agree, but suggest it should be said that
                          AHCW is also more restrictive than HCW.</span></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class=""><br class="">
                        </font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class="">Best wishes,</font></div>
                      <div class=""><font size="3" class="">Joseph <br class="">
                        </font>
                        <blockquote style="margin-right:0px;margin-left:15px" class="">----Original Message----<br class="">
                          From : <a href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org" target="_blank" class="">eric.werner@oarf.org</a><br class="">
                          Date : 24/10/2023 - 10:54 (E)<br class="">
                          To : <a href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn" target="_blank" class="">zyx@bupt.edu.cn</a>,
                          <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" class="">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">
                          Subject : Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 105, Issue
                          12 Human Wisdom vs Meta-Intelligence<br class="">
                          <br class=""><p class="">Dear Yixin,</p><p class="">Just had some clarifying thoughts while
                            taking a shower (embodied intelligence 😉)</p><p class="">You state: "<font size="4" face="Times New
                              Roman" class="">In the context of technical study,
                              wisdom means the ability to define the
                              problem, which should be good for all
                              humans if solved, and intelligence means
                              the ability to solve the problem defined
                              by wisdom."  <br class="">
                            </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">To
                              clarify:</font></p>
                          <ol class="">
                            <li class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class=""> Let
                                me define the ability to define the
                                problem as <b class="">Meta-Intelligence MI<br class="">
                                  <br class="">
                                </b></font></li>
                            <li class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">And
                                define </font><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">ability to define
                                the problem, which should be<b class=""> good for
                                  all humans</b> if solved, as <b class="">Human-Centered-Wisdom
                                </b></font><font size="4" face="Times
                                New Roman" class="">HCW</font><br class="">
                              <font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class=""><b class=""><br class="">
                                </b></font></li>
                            <li class="">Define <font size="4" face="Times New
                                Roman" class=""><b class=""> intelligence</b> as the
                                ability to solve the problem defined by
                                Meta-Intelligence or
                                Human-Centered-Wisdom <br class="">
                              </font></li>
                          </ol><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Under
                              these definitions, Artificial Human
                              Centered Wisdom AHCW will be a different
                              challenge than Artificial Meta
                              Intelligence AMI <br class="">
                            </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Given
                              the right technology AMI may well be
                              achievable and may give different answers
                              than Artificial Human Centered Wisdom, if
                              the latter is even achievable.</font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">I
                              think this clarifies the differences in
                              understanding of wisdom and the capacity
                              to intelligently solve the problems posed
                              by the different types of Wisdom. It seems
                              AHCW is more restritive than AMI. <br class="">
                            </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Best
                              wishes,</font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Eric
                              <br class="">
                            </font></p>
                          <div class=""> On 10/24/23 9:26
                            AM, Eric Werner wrote: <br class="">
                          </div>
                          <blockquote type="cite" class=""><p class="">Dear Yixin, <br class="">
                            </p><p class="">I am getting a better understanding of
                              what you mean by wisdom. Thank you for
                              your patience! <br class="">
                            </p><p class="">This morning I had some thoughts
                              described below. <br class="">
                            </p><p class="">You state: "<font size="4" face="Times
                                New Roman" class="">In the context of technical
                                study, wisdom means the ability to
                                define the problem, which should be good
                                for all humans if solved, and
                                intelligence means the ability to solve
                                the problem defined by wisdom." <br class="">
                              </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">In
                                mathematics and other sciences, there is
                                the difference between proving theorems
                                and discovering a theorem. Many bright
                                mathematicians make their name by
                                proving theorems. Others like Gödel in
                                his proof of the incompleteness theorem
                                (inherent limits of the axiomatic
                                method) linked together very different
                                concepts-methods (Cantor's diagonal
                                method and </font><span style="color:rgb(232,234,237);font-family:"Google Sans",arial,sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;word-spacing:0px;white-space:normal;background-color:rgb(32,33,36);display:inline;float:none" class="">arithmetization</span><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">) to
                                come up with a wonderful result. 
                                Proving is commonplace compared to
                                coming up with a concept. <br class="">
                              </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Missing
                                from the parrot-like LLMs is true
                                reasoning and questioning. <br class="">
                              </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">However,
                                I am not convinced that an artificial
                                intelligent-rational system would not be
                                able to formulate its own questions,
                                create new concepts and new method of
                                solving its own conundrums. <br class="">
                              </font></p><p class=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" class="">Here
                                are the other earlier thoughts of this
                                morning:</font></p>
                            <div dir="ltr" class="">
                              <div class="">
                                <h1 class="">Can wisdom be learned?</h1>
                              </div>
                              <ul class="">
                                <li class="">Artificial wisdom AW</li>
                                <li class="">Social wisdom SW</li>
                                <li class="">Artificial Social Wisdom ASW</li>
                                <li class="">Embodied AI, Embodied AW</li>
                                <li class="">Artificial Ethics AE</li>
                                <li class="">Human wisdom HW as generated by
                                  experience<br class="">
                                </li>
                                <ul class="">
                                  <li class="">Rare </li>
                                  <li class="">There but for the grace of God go
                                    I</li>
                                  <li class="">We often cannot understand someone
                                    until are in their shoes- experience
                                    their situation </li>
                                  <li class="">Examples: Growing old, living in a
                                    different country or culture or
                                    region, learning or knowing a
                                    different subject, being in a war
                                    zone </li>
                                  <li class="">You have to know two or more
                                    subjects to interrelate them </li>
                                </ul>
                                <li class="">Artificial rationality AR</li>
                                <li class="">Understanding requires</li>
                                <ul class="">
                                  <li class="">Information </li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">State </li>
                                    <li class="">Intention-Strategic<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                    <li class="">Value - Emotional Info<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                  </ul>
                                  <li class="">Operators </li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">Transform information </li>
                                    <li class="">This gives the dynamics to
                                      rational thought<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                  </ul>
                                  <li class="">Ability or capacities </li>
                                  <li class="">Intelligence </li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">Circular?? Rational inference</li>
                                    <li class="">Questioning and reasoning in
                                      self dialogue<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                  </ul>
                                  <li class="">Can intelligence be learned?</li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">Seems to require basic
                                      competencies-capacities<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                    <li class="">Reasoning </li>
                                    <li class="">Social </li>
                                    <li class="">Emotional </li>
                                    <li class="">Wisdom (circular)</li>
                                  </ul>
                                  <li class="">How organized is the brain?</li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">Inherent competencies </li>
                                    <li class="">Modular capacities of the brain<br class="">
                                    </li>
                                    <ul class="">
                                      <li class="">Linguistic, visual, auditory,
                                        semantic, pragmatic, motor<br class="">
                                      </li>
                                    </ul>
                                  </ul>
                                </ul>
                                <li class="">Wisdom Requires </li>
                                <ul class="">
                                  <li class="">Experience</li>
                                  <li class="">Capacities </li>
                                  <li class="">Reasoning </li>
                                  <ul class="">
                                    <li class="">Dynamic</li>
                                    <li class="">Self reflection </li>
                                  </ul>
                                </ul>
                              </ul>
                            </div>
                            <br class=""><p class="">Hope this clarifies my thoughts somewhat.
                            </p><p class="">In summary, I am inclined to view the
                              possibility of Artificial Wisdom AW as a
                              very real possibility. It is an open
                              question whether the Parrot-Like-LLMs will
                              ever achieve AW, but a hybrid might. </p><p class="">Kind regards,</p><p class="">Eric<br class="">
                            </p>
                            <div class=""> On 10/24/23
                              3:58 AM, 钟义信 wrote: <br class="">
                            </div>
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">Dear Eric,</font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">I am also very worried about
                                  the military uses of AI. This is an
                                  issue on technical ethics and needs
                                  the strong cooperation between all
                                  governments.  </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">We, as scientists and
                                  professors, have the responsibility to
                                  promote the study of technical ethics
                                  in AI. At the same time, we have to
                                  pay more attentions to the technical
                                  study of AI itself.</font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">I agree with you on the
                                  characters of wisdom: fairness,
                                  kindness, love, for all humans, for
                                  all life, and, all in all, for living
                                  and developments of all people.</font>
                              </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">In the context of technical
                                  study, wisdom means the ability to
                                  define the problem, which should be
                                  good for all humans if solved, and
                                  intelligence means the ability to
                                  solve the problem defined by wisdom.</font>
                              </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">Keeping the difference between
                                  wisdom and intelligence mentioned
                                  above, it is believed that
                                  intelligence can be simulated by
                                  machine whereas wisdom cannot be
                                  simulated by machine. In other word, <u class="">AI
                                    cannot be creative in the meaning of
                                    unable to define the problem good
                                    for all humans in solved</u>. I
                                  wonder if you agree or not.</font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                  Roman" class="">Best regards,</font> </div>
                              <div class=""> <u class=""></u>
                                  <div style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Verdana;" class="">
                                    <div style="overflow:hidden" class="">
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                                        <div style="max-height:150px;overflow:hidden;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                        </div>
                                        <div style="max-height:150px;overflow:hidden;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                        </div>
                                        <div style="max-height:150px;overflow:hidden;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <img src="https://exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/viewfile?type=logo&domain=bupt.edu.cn" class=""> </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div style="float:left;padding-top:35px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(160,160,160);zoom:1" class="">
                                        <h4 style="margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px; zoom: 1;" class="">Prof. Yixin ZHONG</h4>
                                        <div class=""> AI School, BUPT </div>
                                        <div class=""> Beijing 100876, China </div><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
                                        </div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160);" class=""><br class="">
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                <u class=""></u> </div>
                              <div class="">   </div>
                              <div class=""> <u class=""></u>
                                  <div class="">   </div>
                                  <div class="">   </div>
                                  <div style="" class="">
                                    <div style="font-size:12px;font-family:"Arial Narrow";padding:2px 0px" class="">
                                      ------------------ Original
                                      ------------------ </div>
                                    <div style="font-size:12px;background-color:rgb(239,239,239);padding:8px" class="">
                                      <div id="m_1366514183955712927menu_sender" class=""> <b class="">From: </b> "Eric
                                        Werner" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>;
                                      </div>
                                      <div class=""> <b class="">Date: </b> Mon, Oct 23,
                                        2023 05:33 PM </div>
                                      <div class=""> <b class="">To: </b> "钟义信" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>;
                                        "fis" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;
                                         </div>
                                      <div class=""> <b class="">Subject: </b> Re:
                                        [Fis]回复: Fis Digest, Vol 105,
                                        Issue 12 </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <div class="">   </div>
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div lang="x-unicode" class="">
                                        <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                          <div class="">
                                            <h1 class=""><br class="">
                                            </h1>
                                            Dear Yixin, Ma </div>
                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""> Thank you all for your
                                            thoughtful contributions 
                                            Krassimir, Marcus, Pedro,
                                            Yixin.  Thinking about
                                            wisdom and human nature and
                                            AI.  Recently viewing the
                                            uses of AI in weapons
                                            systems already being
                                            designed and produced by
                                            corporations that sell to
                                            governments, made me
                                            hesitate about what we are
                                            doing. We need a deep
                                            discussion about artificial
                                            intelligence in a social
                                            industrial governmental
                                            military context. <br class="">
                                            <h1 class="">AI in love and war</h1>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">We
                                                  walk lightly along the
                                                  edge of a deep ravine,
                                                </b></i> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">where
                                                  can be seen </b></i>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">the
                                                  results of passions
                                                  played. </b></i> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">Oh,
                                                  I loved too much, </b></i>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">and
                                                  by such, by such </b></i>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">is
                                                  happiness thrown away.</b></i>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">I
                                                  had wooed not as I
                                                  should</b></i> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">a
                                                  creature made of clay</b></i>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">When
                                                  the angel woos the
                                                  clay </b></i> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <i class=""><b class="">he'd
                                                  lose  his wings<br class="">
                                                </b></i> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <b class="">at
                                                the dawning of the day</b>
                                            </div>
                                            <div align="center" class=""> <b class=""><br class="">
                                              </b> </div>
                                            <div align="center" class="">
                                              (Adapted from a poem 'On
                                              Raglan Road' by Patrick
                                              Kavanagh) <br class="">
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                          <ul class="">
                                            <li class="">Wisdom in the wide human
                                              sense</li>
                                            <ul class="">
                                              <li class="">Fairness</li>
                                              <li class="">Kindness</li>
                                              <li class="">Love</li>
                                              <li class="">For all humans </li>
                                              <li class="">For all life</li>
                                            </ul>
                                            <li class="">Military uses of AI</li>
                                            <ul class="">
                                              <li class="">Goal directed</li>
                                              <li class="">Antagonistic</li>
                                              <li class="">Cooperative</li>
                                              <li class="">Destructive</li>
                                              <li class="">Murderous </li>
                                              <li class="">Anti-human</li>
                                              <li class="">Financially motivated</li>
                                            </ul>
                                            <li class="">An AI model is like a
                                              child</li>
                                            <ul class="">
                                              <li class="">It can be molded to
                                                the wishes of the user</li>
                                              <li class="">At the same time, it’s
                                                like a mother that
                                                responds to every wish</li>
                                              <li class="">It is an all knowing
                                                God</li>
                                              <li class="">Connected to a robotic
                                                system, it can heal, but
                                                it can also murder</li>
                                              <li class="">AI is a child of
                                                humankind</li>
                                              <li class="">All too human</li>
                                              <li class="">A savior and genocidal</li>
                                            </ul>
                                            <li class="">What will we do?<br class="">
                                            </li>
                                          </ul>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div lang="x-unicode" class=""> King regards,
                                      </div>
                                      <div lang="x-unicode" class=""> <br class="">
                                      </div>
                                      <div lang="x-unicode" class=""> Eric </div>
                                      <div lang="x-unicode" class=""> <br class="">
                                        <div dir="ltr" class=""> Sent from my
                                          iPhone </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div class=""> On
                                        10/22/23 9:43 AM, <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class="">zyx@bupt.edu.cn</a>
                                        wrote: <br class="">
                                      </div>
                                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                        <div dir="auto" class=""> Dear Eric,
                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""> You proposed a number of
                                            points which are interesting
                                            and important  Thank you
                                            very much! </div>
                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""> I would like to discuss
                                            at least some of them not
                                            now, but a few days later
                                            because my notebook was
                                            trouble some the day  before
                                            yesterday. </div>
                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""> Best wished, </div>
                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""> Yixin <br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            <br class="">
                                            <div id="m_1366514183955712927hw_signature" class="">
                                              发自我的手机 </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                        <div style="line-height:1.5" class="">
                                          <br class="">
                                          <br class="">
                                          -------- 原始邮件 -------- <br class="">
                                          发件人: Eric Werner <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>
                                          <br class="">
                                          日期: 2023年10月19日周四 傍晚5:56 <br class="">
                                          收件人: 钟义信 <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>,
                                          fis <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>
                                          <br class="">
                                          主 题: Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol
                                          105, Issue 12 <br class="">
                                          <blockquote class="">
                                            <div class=""><p class="">Dear Yixin,</p><p class="">Can you be more
                                                specific what you mean
                                                by "change the paradigm
                                                used in AI".  It might
                                                help to give a specific
                                                example. </p><p class="">*At present AI systems
                                                certainly behave as if
                                                they are goal directed.
                                                <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">*AI systems appear to
                                                have wisdom in that they
                                                can propose wise courses
                                                of action</p><p class="">* What do you mean by
                                                "pure formalism"?  It
                                                seems one of the powers
                                                of formalism is to
                                                understand AI and human
                                                intelligence. <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">* It seems AI systems
                                                exhibit human-like
                                                wisdom when they offer
                                                advice or guide the
                                                actions of a virtual
                                                assistant or self
                                                driving car. The react
                                                based on the
                                                circumstances and goals
                                                of the other, at leas to
                                                an extent. <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">* Why can't a machine
                                                understand human goals
                                                and purposes if it gains
                                                a model of those from
                                                human data? <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">* Why can't an AI
                                                system have intentions?
                                                <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">My overall problem is
                                                understanding your
                                                specific criticism of
                                                the present AI paradigm?
                                                This notion seems to me
                                                to need clearer
                                                definition. <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">How would you overcome
                                                the present AI paradigm
                                                and what specifically is
                                                different when you want
                                                to "change the paradigm
                                                used in AI"???</p><p class="">This is not a criticism
                                                it is a real question in
                                                trying to understand
                                                you.  At present I just
                                                don't see the difference
                                                between the present AI
                                                paradigm and your new AI
                                                paradigm. <br class="">
                                              </p><p class="">Best wishes,</p><p class="">Eric <br class="">
                                              </p><p class=""><br class="">
                                              </p><p class=""><br class="">
                                              </p>
                                              <div class=""> On 10/19/23 8:48 AM,
                                                钟义信 wrote: <br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <blockquote class="">
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">Dear
                                                    Krassimir, Dear
                                                    Eric, and Dear
                                                    Colleagues,</font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">The
                                                    discussion is going
                                                    on well thanks to
                                                    all your efforts.</font>
                                                </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">Here is a few
                                                    points I would like
                                                    to mention (or
                                                    re-mention).</font>
                                                </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">(1) The
                                                    purpose of the
                                                    "declaration on
                                                    Paradigm Change in
                                                    AI" is to make an
                                                    appeal for <u class="">change
                                                      the paradigm used
                                                      in AI.</u> </font>
                                                </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">(2) There may
                                                    have different
                                                    understanding on the
                                                    concept of paradigm.
                                                    However, <u class="">the
                                                      concept of
                                                      paradigm for a
                                                      scientific
                                                      discipline has
                                                      been re-defined as
                                                      the scientific
                                                      world view and the
                                                      associated
                                                      methodology</u> because
                                                    the scientific
                                                    worldview and its
                                                    methodology as a
                                                    whole is the only
                                                    factor that can
                                                    determine whether a
                                                    scientific
                                                    discipline needs a
                                                    "revolution" (Kuhn's
                                                    language).</font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">(3) The major
                                                    result of "paradigm
                                                    change in AI" is <u class="">to
                                                      change the
                                                      methodology used
                                                      in AI, including
                                                      the principles of
                                                      "pure formalism"
                                                      and "divide and
                                                      conquer"</u>. 
                                                    This is because of
                                                    the fact that <u class="">the
                                                      former principle
                                                      leads to the
                                                      ignoring the
                                                      meaning and value
                                                      and thus leads to
                                                      the loss of
                                                      understanding
                                                      ability and
                                                      explaining ability</u>
                                                    while <u class="">the latter
                                                      one leads to the
                                                      loss of the
                                                      general theory for
                                                      AI</u>. Note that
                                                    "no explaining
                                                    ability" and "no
                                                    general theory" are
                                                    the most typical and
                                                    also most concerned
                                                    problems for current
                                                    AI.</font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">(4) There is
                                                    <u class="">difference
                                                      between human
                                                      intelligence and
                                                      human wisdom</u>.
                                                    One of the functions
                                                    of human wisdom is
                                                    to find the
                                                    to-be-solved problem
                                                    which must be
                                                    meaningful for human
                                                    purpose of improving
                                                    the living and
                                                    developing. Yet, the
                                                    function of human
                                                    intelligence is to
                                                    solve the problem
                                                    defined by human
                                                    wisdom. </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">(5) Human
                                                    intelligence can be
                                                    simulated by
                                                    machine. But human
                                                    wisdom cannot be
                                                    simulated by machine
                                                    because machine is
                                                    non-living beings
                                                    that has no its own
                                                    purpose and cannot
                                                    understand human
                                                    purpose. No purpose
                                                    means no wisdom.</font>
                                                </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">I wonder if
                                                    you agree or not.
                                                    Comments are
                                                    welcome!</font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                  </font> </div>
                                                <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times New
                                                    Roman" class="">Best regards,</font>
                                                </div>
                                                <div class="">
                                                  <div class=""> <font size="4" face="SimSun,STSong" class=""><br class="">
                                                    </font> </div>
                                                  <div style="font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana;" class="">
                                                    <div class="">
                                                      <div style="float:left;height:100px;margin:35px 10px 10px 0px;padding:0px 10px 0px 15px;border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(222,222,222)" class="">
                                                        <div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                                        </div>
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                                                        <h4 style="margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;" class="">Prof. Yixin ZHONG</h4>
                                                        <div class=""> AI School,
                                                          BUPT </div>
                                                        <div class=""> Beijing
                                                          100876, China
                                                        </div><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
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                                                      ------------------
                                                      Original
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                                                    </div>
                                                    <div style="font-size:12px;background-color:rgb(239,239,239);padding:8px" class="">
                                                      <div class=""> <b class="">From: </b> "Krassimir
                                                        Markov" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><itheaiss@gmail.com></a>;
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div class=""> <b class="">Date: </b> Thu,
                                                        Oct 19, 2023
                                                        03:32 AM </div>
                                                      <div class=""> <b class="">To: </b> "fis"
                                                        <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;
                                                         </div>
                                                      <div class=""> <b class="">Subject:
                                                        </b> Re: [Fis]
                                                        Fis Digest, Vol
                                                        105, Issue 12 </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <div class="">   </div>
                                                    <div class="">
                                                      <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                        <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          Dear Yixin,
                                                          Eric and FIS
                                                          colleagues,
                                                          <div class=""> Let me
                                                          present some
                                                          thoughts about
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><p style="text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" align="center" class=""><b class="">The
                                                          “Intelligence”
                                                          Paradigm</b></p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">For
                                                          those who are
                                                          not familiar
                                                          with the
                                                          concepts of
                                                          "paradigm" and
                                                          "paradigm
                                                          shift", I
                                                          would
                                                          recommend
                                                          texts from
                                                          Wikipedia that
                                                          explain it
                                                          clearly
                                                          enough.</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">I
                                                          myself
                                                          maintain a
                                                          neutral
                                                          position in
                                                          the dispute
                                                          between Popper
                                                          and Kuhn
                                                          regarding the
                                                          development of
                                                          science. Both
                                                          theses have
                                                          their grounds,
                                                          but at
                                                          different
                                                          levels and
                                                          stages. In
                                                          fact, in this
                                                          case, the law
                                                          of
                                                          quantitative
                                                          accumulation,
                                                          which leads to
                                                          qualitative
                                                          changes,
                                                          applies.
                                                          Obviously, in
                                                          a number of
                                                          cases the
                                                          paradigm shift
                                                          happens in
                                                          leaps and
                                                          bounds, while
                                                          in others it
                                                          happens
                                                          smoothly and
                                                          barely
                                                          perceptibly.</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">For
                                                          example, the
                                                          accumulation
                                                          of sufficient
                                                          observations
                                                          and evidences
                                                          regarding the
                                                          shape of the
                                                          earth required
                                                          a shift to a
                                                          new paradigm:
                                                          from the
                                                          "Earth is
                                                          flat" paradigm
                                                          to the "Earth
                                                          is not flat"
                                                          paradigm.</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">Sometimes
                                                          opposing
                                                          paradigms can
                                                          coexist, not
                                                          negating each
                                                          other, but
                                                          complementing
                                                          each other.
                                                          For example,
                                                          this is the
                                                          case with
                                                          Euclid's fifth
                                                          postulate (the
                                                          parallel
                                                          postulate).</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">The
                                                          postulate has
                                                          long been
                                                          considered
                                                          self-evident
                                                          or inevitable,
                                                          but no
                                                          evidence has
                                                          been found.
                                                          Eventually, it
                                                          was discovered
                                                          that reversing
                                                          the postulate
                                                          gave valid,
                                                          albeit
                                                          different,
                                                          geometries. A
                                                          geometry where
                                                          the
                                                          parallelism
                                                          postulate does
                                                          not hold is
                                                          known as
                                                          non-Euclidean
                                                          geometry.</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">With
                                                          regard to the
                                                          paradigm of
                                                          "intelligence"
                                                          we have a
                                                          similar
                                                          situation. We
                                                          have at least
                                                          two opposing
                                                          paradigms
                                                          based on two
                                                          opposing
                                                          postulates.</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">The
                                                          first, let's
                                                          call it the
                                                          "flat
                                                          intelligence
                                                          postulate",
                                                          was well
                                                          articulated by
                                                          Yixin in his
                                                          post:</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">"Intelligence
                                                          is the ability
                                                          to solve
                                                          problems, but
                                                          not the
                                                          ability to
                                                          detect and
                                                          define
                                                          problems, the
                                                          latter of
                                                          which is one
                                                          of the
                                                          faculties of
                                                          wisdom."</p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">The
                                                          second, let's
                                                          call it the
                                                          "non-flat
                                                          intelligence
                                                          postulate",
                                                          will sound
                                                          unifying:
                                                          "Intelligence
                                                          is both the
                                                          ability to
                                                          solve problems
                                                          and the
                                                          ability to
                                                          detect and
                                                          define
                                                          problems"
                                                          (Eric), but in
                                                          different
                                                          directions in
                                                          the hierarchy
                                                          of
                                                          intelligences
                                                          (KM)". This is
                                                          how we arrive
                                                          at the idea of
                                                          cybernetic
                                                          systems, where
                                                          there is a
                                                          controller and
                                                          a controlled,
                                                          but the
                                                          controller is
                                                          connected to
                                                          the
                                                          environment
                                                          from which it
                                                          receives
                                                          controlling
                                                          influences and
                                                          is, in
                                                          practice, both
                                                          "controller"
                                                          and
                                                          "controlled",
                                                          but in
                                                          different
                                                          aspects of the
                                                          system.</p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="line-height:115%" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>
                                                          <img width="472" height="359" class="">
                                                          <br class=""><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="line-height:115%" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div style="text-align: center; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="line-height:115%" class=""></span><span style="line-height:115%" class=""></span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p style="text-align:center;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" align="center" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </p><p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:calibri,sans-serif" class="">To
                                                          be continued
                                                          ...</p>
                                                          <div class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div>
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                                                        </div>
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                                                      <br class="">
                                                      <div class="">
                                                        <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          На ср,
                                                          18.10.2023 г.
                                                          в 15:07 ч. <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis-request@listas.unizar.es></a>
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                                                          Contents of
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                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Today's
                                                          Topics: <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                             1. Re:
                                                          Paradigm AI -
                                                          I guess we
                                                          call it Genius
                                                          (Eric Werner)
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          ----------
                                                          Forwarded
                                                          message
                                                          ---------- <br class="">
                                                          From: Eric
                                                          Werner <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          To: Karl
                                                          Javorszky <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><karl.javorszky@gmail.com></a>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Cc: "钟义信" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>,
                                                          fis <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Bcc: <br class="">
                                                          Date: Wed, 18
                                                          Oct 2023
                                                          14:07:13 +0200
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Subject: Re:
                                                          [Fis] Paradigm
                                                          AI - I guess
                                                          we call it
                                                          Genius <br class="">
                                                          <div class=""><p class="">Dear Karl,</p><p class="">Thank you
                                                          for bringing
                                                          this important
                                                          point to my
                                                          attention.
                                                          Here are some
                                                          thoughts:<br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <h1 class="">I guess we
                                                          call it Genius
                                                          </h1>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <ul class="">
                                                          <li class="">Difference
                                                          between
                                                          generating and
                                                          understanding
                                                          or reading</li>
                                                          <li class="">Super
                                                          intelligence,
                                                          requires
                                                          genius or
                                                          generational
                                                          understanding</li>
                                                          <li class="">Generative
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Creative
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Compositional
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Formative
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Evolutional
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Restricting,
                                                          intelligence
                                                          to
                                                          problem-solving,
                                                          dismisses,
                                                          creative acts
                                                          of composition
                                                          in science and
                                                          the arts</li>
                                                          <li class="">Think of
                                                          Heinz Kohut’s
                                                          formation of
                                                          the self in
                                                          psychology
                                                          versus
                                                          Freudian
                                                          reactive
                                                          psychology</li>
                                                          <li class="">It’s the
                                                          difference
                                                          between
                                                          discovering a
                                                          theorem, and
                                                          proving the
                                                          theorem</li>
                                                          <li class="">It’s the
                                                          difference
                                                          between
                                                          school-boy
                                                          problem-solving,
                                                          and Newton</li>
                                                          <li class="">Some
                                                          psychologists
                                                          think of
                                                          intelligence
                                                          in
                                                          relationship
                                                          to testing
                                                          people for
                                                          their ability
                                                          to cope in
                                                          educational
                                                          institutions.
                                                          They want to
                                                          see if they
                                                          are college
                                                          material or
                                                          not. <br class="">
                                                          </li>
                                                          <li class="">With
                                                          future All
                                                          systems were
                                                          talking about
                                                          Newton level
                                                          intelligence
                                                          not college
                                                          level
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Kantian
                                                          synthetic
                                                          intelligence </li>
                                                          <li class="">We better
                                                          be ready for
                                                          that! If not, 
                                                          we got some
                                                          real problems.
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </li>
                                                          <li class="">That is
                                                          why making
                                                          these systems
                                                          social and
                                                          cooperative is
                                                          so essential.<br class="">
                                                          </li>
                                                          </ul><p class="">We may
                                                          quickly reach
                                                          a point where
                                                          the
                                                          compositional
                                                          creative
                                                          intelligence
                                                          of artificial
                                                          models is so
                                                          powerful, we
                                                          will not be
                                                          able to
                                                          understand
                                                          them. Not just
                                                          how they work.
                                                          We already
                                                          don't
                                                          understand how
                                                          they work now.
                                                          But their
                                                          reasoning and
                                                          new outputs
                                                          such, as for
                                                          example,
                                                          mathematical
                                                          insights.
                                                          Imagine a
                                                          system that
                                                          can reason and
                                                          develop 2,000
                                                          years of
                                                          mathematics in
                                                          a few minutes.
                                                          It is
                                                          precisely this
                                                          overarching
                                                          linking of
                                                          knowledge that
                                                          makes for real
                                                          intelligence
                                                          such as that
                                                          of Leibniz or
                                                          Newton.  The
                                                          old  school
                                                          model of
                                                          psychological
                                                          testing of
                                                          intelligence
                                                          uses a
                                                          definition of
                                                          intelligence
                                                          that is to
                                                          limiting for
                                                          AI models. AI
                                                          models are not
                                                          your evey day
                                                          student. <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">Best
                                                          wishes,</p><p class="">Eric<br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div class=""> On
                                                          10/18/23 12:59
                                                          PM, Karl
                                                          Javorszky
                                                          wrote: <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote class="">
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class=""><p class="">Dear Eric,</p><div class=""> <br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class="">Your
                                                          statement:
                                                          „The essence
                                                          of general
                                                          intelligence
                                                          is the ability
                                                          to not only
                                                          solve an
                                                          externally
                                                          given problem
                                                          but to be
                                                          creative and
                                                          find and
                                                          define
                                                          problems.” is
                                                          at deviance to
                                                          accepted
                                                          delineations
                                                          of concepts in
                                                          the trade of
                                                          psychology.
                                                          Rohracher [1]
                                                          has defined in
                                                          1969 (and to
                                                          my knowledge,
                                                          no one has
                                                          disputed this
                                                          wording):
                                                          “Intelligence
                                                          is the degree
                                                          of efficiency
                                                          [of the CNS]
                                                          while solving
                                                          new problems.”</p><p class="">What you
                                                          refer to is
                                                          subsumed
                                                          variously
                                                          under:
                                                          creativity,
                                                          alertness,
                                                          curiosity,
                                                          vitality,
                                                          spontaneity. </p><p class="">There is
                                                          consensus in
                                                          the
                                                          epistemology
                                                          of psychology
                                                          that there can
                                                          exist no
                                                          final,
                                                          conclusive,
                                                          all-encompassing
                                                          theory of
                                                          personality
                                                          (in which
                                                          intelligence
                                                          and
                                                          adaptability/curiosity
                                                          would or would
                                                          not be
                                                          separated as
                                                          concepts),
                                                          because if
                                                          such an
                                                          ultimate,
                                                          final, true
                                                          theory of
                                                          personality
                                                          would exist,
                                                          that
                                                          assumption
                                                          would negate
                                                          the axiomatic
                                                          rule that one
                                                          can always
                                                          learn
                                                          something new,
                                                          at least about
                                                          himself. There
                                                          is, by
                                                          definition, no
                                                          end to
                                                          introspection
                                                          and
                                                          philosophy.
                                                          One can always
                                                          come up with a
                                                          new theory of
                                                          personality
                                                          and one cannot
                                                          rule out that
                                                          a new theory
                                                          of personality
                                                          would be more
                                                          reasonable,
                                                          truer, more
                                                          conclusive
                                                          than anything
                                                          that has
                                                          existed
                                                          before.</p><p class="">Psychologists
                                                          see theories
                                                          about mind and
                                                          soul in the
                                                          same way
                                                          believers see
                                                          their God. It
                                                          is impossible
                                                          to recognize
                                                          all features
                                                          of God, let
                                                          alone to
                                                          insist that
                                                          one has a
                                                          correct
                                                          reading.</p><p class="">So, if you
                                                          decide not to
                                                          distinguish
                                                          between
                                                          efficiency of
                                                          solving new
                                                          problems and
                                                          ability and
                                                          tendency
                                                          towards
                                                          finding new
                                                          problems to
                                                          solve, you are
                                                          free to do so.
                                                          Established
                                                          use of words
                                                          splits the two
                                                          personality
                                                          traits.</p><p class="">I have
                                                          prepared a
                                                          statement
                                                          about the key
                                                          word
                                                          “otherwise”.
                                                          The word is
                                                          needed to
                                                          scale the
                                                          efficiency of
                                                          mental
                                                          processes
                                                          while solving
                                                          new problems
                                                          (aka
                                                          ‘intelligence’)
                                                          by scaling the
diversity/similarity properties of alternatives. To be able to
                                                          efficiently
                                                          choose between
                                                          alternatives,
                                                          one needs to
                                                          have
                                                          alternatives
                                                          that are
                                                          different
                                                          among each
                                                          other. The
                                                          task is to
                                                          find such
                                                          collections of
                                                          symbols that
                                                          are
                                                          alternatives
                                                          to each other,
                                                          not by
                                                          machinations
                                                          by humans, but
                                                          as members of
                                                          a symbols
                                                          collection.
                                                          This task is
                                                          not easy to
                                                          solve while
                                                          using the
                                                          symbols set in
                                                          the
                                                          traditional,
                                                          Sumerian ways
                                                          only. One
                                                          needs to
                                                          assume that
                                                          symbols have
                                                          their own
                                                          properties, by
                                                          their nature,
                                                          immanent to
                                                          them. </p><p class="">Due to the
two-messages-per-week rule, the contribution shall come next week.</p><p class="">Karl</p><p class="">[1]
                                                          Rohracher, H.:
                                                          Einführung in
                                                          die
                                                          Psychologie,
                                                          Urban &
                                                          Schwarzenberg,
                                                          Wien 1951</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          Am Mi., 18.
                                                          Okt. 2023 um
                                                          12:01 Uhr
                                                          schrieb Eric
                                                          Werner <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>:
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex" class="">
                                                          <div class=""><p class="">Dear Yixin,</p><p class="">Thank you
                                                          for you
                                                          comments! <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">To your
                                                          point (2): The
                                                          essence of
                                                          general
                                                          intelligence
                                                          is the ability
                                                          to not only
                                                          solve an
                                                          externally
                                                          given problem,
                                                          but to be
                                                          creative and
                                                          find and
                                                          define
                                                          problems. For
                                                          example, given
                                                          a knowledge of
                                                          mathematics
                                                          and physics
                                                          and data to
                                                          generate new
                                                          mathematics
                                                          and new
                                                          insights into
                                                          the nature of
                                                          the world. <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">To your
                                                          point (3):
                                                          Biotechnology
                                                          and AI are
                                                          somewhat
                                                          independent
                                                          fields. AI can
                                                          help genome
                                                          research and
                                                          decoding
                                                          genomes. But
                                                          once genomes
                                                          are decoded
                                                          that
                                                          information
                                                          can be used to
                                                          construct more
                                                          general AI
                                                          models. When I
                                                          say
                                                          "architecture"
                                                          I meant the
                                                          architecture
                                                          of the human
                                                          brain encoded
                                                          in the human
                                                          genome. This
                                                          architectural
                                                          information
                                                          can be used to
                                                          guide the
                                                          structuring of
                                                          AI models be
                                                          be more potent
                                                          and more human
                                                          like.  And, AI
                                                          may well help
                                                          in the process
                                                          of structuring
                                                          its future
                                                          version. That
                                                          is what I
                                                          meant by
                                                          selfreferencing.
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">To the more
                                                          general point,
                                                          formalization
                                                          of social
                                                          information
                                                          can help guide
                                                          the
                                                          improvement of
                                                          AI models to
                                                          be more social
                                                          and have
                                                          greater
                                                          abilities in a
                                                          AI-robot
                                                          social
                                                          setting. <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">All the
                                                          best,</p><p class="">Eric <br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div class=""> On
                                                          10/18/23 9:16
                                                          AM, 钟义信 wrote:
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <blockquote class="">
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">Dear
                                                          Eric,</font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">Thank
                                                          you for the
                                                          interesting
                                                          talk on
                                                          "Paradigm AI"
                                                          from which I
                                                          learned a lot.
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">As
                                                          a discussant,
                                                          may I propose
                                                          some of my
                                                          understanding.
                                                          Comments are
                                                          welcome. </font>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">(1)
                                                          I appreciate
                                                          your idea that
                                                          saying
                                                          "Physics
                                                          paradigm PPD
                                                          does not fit
                                                          well with AI
                                                          paradigm" and
                                                          "Information
                                                          paradigm PID
                                                          is a better
                                                          fit". This is
                                                          the valuable
                                                          common basis,
                                                          between you
                                                          and me,
                                                          concerning the
                                                          PPD, PID and
                                                          AI.</font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">(2)
                                                          How to define
                                                          the concept of
                                                          intelligence?
                                                          This is a very
                                                          difficult
                                                          problem. To my
                                                          own
                                                          understanding,
                                                          the following
                                                          short
                                                          statement may
                                                          serve as one
                                                          of the
                                                          candidates: <u class="">Intelligence
                                                          is the ability
                                                          to solve
                                                          problem but
                                                          not the
                                                          ability to
                                                          find and
                                                          define
                                                          problem, the
                                                          latter of
                                                          which is one
                                                          of the
                                                          abilities for
                                                          wisdom.</u></font>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><u class=""><br class="">
                                                          </u></font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">(3)
                                                          The paradigm
                                                          for AI can be
                                                          used as the
                                                          paradigm for
                                                          bio-technology
                                                          with certain
                                                          simplification
                                                          and
                                                          specialization.
                                                          This judgement
                                                          is not based
                                                          on their
                                                          "structure/architecture", 
                                                          but based on
                                                          their
                                                          "information
                                                          function" -
                                                          which is the
                                                          basic function
                                                          in both AI and
                                                          biotechnology,
                                                          that is to
                                                          seek
                                                          opportunity
                                                          for "living
                                                          (or solving
                                                          problem)" and
                                                          to avoid the
                                                          "danger (or
                                                          failing to
                                                          problem
                                                          solving)".</font>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">Once
                                                          again,
                                                          comments and
                                                          criticisms are
                                                          most welcome.</font>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </font> </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <font size="4" face="Times
                                                          New Roman" class="">Best
                                                          regards,</font>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div style="font-size: 14px; font-family: verdana;" class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div style="float:left;height:100px;margin:35px 10px 10px 0px;padding:0px 10px 0px 15px;border-right-width:1px;border-right-style:solid;border-right-color:rgb(222,222,222)" class="">
                                                          <div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left" class=""> <img src="https://exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/viewfile?type=logo&domain=bupt.edu.cn" class=""> </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div style="float:left;padding-top:35px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(160,160,160)" class="">
                                                          <h4 style="margin: 0px; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 28px;" class="">Prof.
                                                          Yixin ZHONG</h4>
                                                          <div class=""> AI
                                                          School, BUPT </div>
                                                          <div class=""> Beijing
                                                          100876, China
                                                          </div><div style="margin: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: 22px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160);" class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">   </div>
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div class="">   </div>
                                                          <div class="">   </div>
                                                          <div style="" class="">
                                                          <div style="font-size:12px;font-family:"arial narrow";padding:2px 0px" class="">
------------------ Original ------------------ </div>
                                                          <div style="font-size:12px;background-color:rgb(239,239,239);padding:8px" class="">
                                                          <div class=""> <b class="">From:
                                                          </b> "Eric
                                                          Werner" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>;
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <b class="">Date:
                                                          </b> Tue, Oct
                                                          17, 2023 02:32
                                                          AM </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <b class="">To:
                                                          </b> "fis" <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class=""><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""> <b class="">Subject:
                                                          </b> [Fis]
                                                          Paradigm AI </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">   </div>
                                                          <div class=""><p class="">Here are
                                                          some brief
                                                          thoughts on
                                                          Paradigms and
                                                          AI by I
                                                          presume was
                                                          written by
                                                          Yixin Zhong
                                                          since I cannot
                                                          read  Chinese.
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div dir="ltr" class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <h1 class="">Paradigm
                                                          AI</h1>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <ul class="">
                                                          <li class="">I agree
                                                          that the
                                                          physics
                                                          paradigm PPD
                                                          doesn’t fit
                                                          well with the
                                                          AI paradigm,
                                                          and that the
                                                          information
                                                          paradigm PID
                                                          is a better
                                                          fit</li>
                                                          <li class="">Artificial
                                                          intelligence
                                                          systems, don’t
                                                          necessarily
                                                          learn from
                                                          human beings.
                                                          In
                                                          unsupervised
                                                          learning they
                                                          learn from
                                                          data and not
                                                          from humans.</li>
                                                          <li class="">The
                                                          problem, and
                                                          becomes really
                                                          how to define
                                                          what
                                                          intelligence
                                                          is: Which of
                                                          the following
                                                          is it?<br class="">
                                                          </li>
                                                          <ul class="">
                                                          <li class="">Rational
                                                          inference</li>
                                                          <li class="">Summarizing
                                                          large amounts
                                                          of text and
                                                          data</li>
                                                          <li class="">Making new
                                                          predictions
                                                          based on
                                                          scientific
                                                          theories and
                                                          available data</li>
                                                          <li class="">Developing
                                                          new theories
                                                          that explain
                                                          the data in
                                                          the more
                                                          succinct way,
                                                          and making new
                                                          predictions</li>
                                                          <li class="">Developing
                                                          new
                                                          technologies
                                                          independently
                                                          of human input</li>
                                                          <li class="">Planning
                                                          and executing
                                                          the actions
                                                          and intentions
                                                          of a robot</li>
                                                          <li class="">Having
                                                          social
                                                          intelligence</li>
                                                          <li class="">Being
                                                          cooperative
                                                          with a human
                                                          being in
                                                          achieving a
                                                          task </li>
                                                          <li class="">Interrelating
                                                          two
                                                          discipline,
                                                          such as
                                                          physics and
                                                          mathematics,
                                                          to make new
                                                          discoveries</li>
                                                          <li class="">Understanding,
                                                          genomes in the
                                                          way that human
                                                          beings cannot</li>
                                                          <li class="">Designing
                                                          new organisms
                                                          by designing
                                                          their genomes</li>
                                                          </ul>
                                                          <li class="">I agree
                                                          with the
                                                          language of a
                                                          new paradigm,
                                                          such as
                                                          artificial
                                                          intelligence
                                                          will develop
                                                          slowly step by
                                                          step in
                                                          conjunction
                                                          with its use
                                                          -both
                                                          conceptually
                                                          and
                                                          experimentally
                                                          .</li>
                                                          <li class="">In a new
                                                          paradigm
                                                          entire new
                                                          language is
                                                          created as a
                                                          paradigm is
                                                          developed</li>
                                                          <li class="">The
                                                          language
                                                          evolves in
                                                          concert with a
                                                          new ontology
                                                          suggested by
                                                          the paradigm</li>
                                                          <ul class="">
                                                          <li class="">It is an
                                                          ontology of
                                                          objects,
                                                          technologies,
                                                          actions, and
                                                          strategies</li>
                                                          </ul>
                                                          <li class="">What will
                                                          be
                                                          particularly
                                                          interesting,
                                                          is the <b class=""><font size="5" class="">linking
                                                          of the
                                                          paradigm of
                                                          artificial
                                                          intelligence
                                                          with the
                                                          paradigm of
                                                          biotechnology</font></b></li>
                                                          <ul class="">
                                                          <li class="">Biotechnology
                                                          and AI will
                                                          truly link the
                                                          human brain
                                                          with the
                                                          artificial
                                                          brain</li>
                                                          <li class="">The genome
                                                          of the natural
                                                          brain will be
                                                          reflected in
                                                          the
                                                          architecture
                                                          of the
                                                          artificial
                                                          brain</li>
                                                          <li class="">Hence by
                                                          using AI to
                                                          decode the
                                                          genome of the
                                                          natural brain,
                                                          it will be
                                                          self-reflected
                                                          in the design
                                                          of the
                                                          developing
                                                          artificial
                                                          brain </li>
                                                          <li class="">This will
                                                          bring
                                                          unprecedented
                                                          social and
                                                          rational
                                                          functionality
                                                          to the
                                                          artificial
                                                          brain </li>
                                                          <li class="">Note that
                                                          the
                                                          biotech-genome
                                                          paradigm also
                                                          is founded on
                                                          the
                                                          information
                                                          paradigm.<br class="">
                                                          </li>
                                                          </ul>
                                                          </ul>
                                                          </div><p class="">Thank you
                                                          Yixin Zhong
                                                          for your input
                                                          and
                                                          emphasizing
                                                          the intimate
                                                          relationship
                                                          of information
                                                          and AI
                                                          paradigms. <br class="">
                                                          </p><p class="">Best
                                                          wishes,</p><p class="">Eric <br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                                                          <i class=""> Dr. Eric
                                                          Werner <br class="">
                                                          Oxford
                                                          Advanced
                                                          Research
                                                          Foundation <br class="">
                                                          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!TIIx5Wtklq6f08o-lkfpzmVltSrC8Oy2oMP7tcMZsYwSN5x_BDJBF1vtN9DOTbE6BXCYP2mXThgkBtz8Hin4ZKg$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </i> </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <fieldset class=""></fieldset>
                                                          <pre class="">_______________________________________________
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL

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----------
</pre>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                                                          <i class=""> Dr. Eric
                                                          Werner <br class="">
                                                          Oxford
                                                          Advanced
                                                          Research
                                                          Foundation <br class="">
                                                          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!S48dgtLY-v427YBnRO4ovcOPfYmIyRg2qFfQ_Vw-sWoIjfzS8ZWpLpRilKkBtXqBqXyrkHUwwWHOZ6wdhD823UM$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </i> </div>
                                                          </div>
_______________________________________________ <br class="">
                                                          Fis mailing
                                                          list <br class="">
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                                                          <br class="">
                                                          ---------- <br class="">
                                                          INFORMACIÓN
                                                          SOBRE
                                                          PROTECCIÓN DE
                                                          DATOS DE
                                                          CARÁCTER
                                                          PERSONAL <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Ud. recibe
                                                          este correo
                                                          por pertenecer
                                                          a una lista de
                                                          correo
                                                          gestionada por
                                                          la Universidad
                                                          de Zaragoza. <br class="">
                                                          Puede
                                                          encontrar toda
                                                          la información
                                                          sobre como
                                                          tratamos sus
                                                          datos en el
                                                          siguiente
                                                          enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" class="">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Recuerde que
                                                          si está
                                                          suscrito a una
                                                          lista
                                                          voluntaria Ud.
                                                          puede darse de
                                                          baja desde la
                                                          propia
                                                          aplicación en
                                                          el momento en
                                                          que lo desee.
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" target="_blank" class="">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          ---------- <br class="">
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                                                          <i class=""> Dr. Eric
                                                          Werner <br class="">
                                                          Oxford
                                                          Advanced
                                                          Research
                                                          Foundation <br class="">
                                                          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!VvOfZm0CWjVPM7xYKVUO5vkDvx9MusQMRPpMkuycNvECTx_JKVuphYgtiPWoWJVdjig7Zmh4qyxchxc_Dlf37Ok$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          </i> </div>
                                                          </div>
_______________________________________________ <br class="">
                                                          Fis mailing
                                                          list <br class="">
                                                          <a style="text-decoration:underline;color:blue" class="">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
                                                          <br class="">
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                                                          <br class="">
                                                        </blockquote>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                                <br class="">
                                                <fieldset class=""></fieldset>
                                                <pre class="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL

Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" class="">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.
<a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" target="_blank" class="">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
----------
</pre>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                                                <i class=""> Dr. Eric Werner <br class="">
                                                  Oxford Advanced
                                                  Research Foundation <br class="">
                                                  <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!Tp73mvJuJUMNK3m6xXu_VUCsW-Poi0CFq_XnfNau9_R6RtJ9H97j8KIdmljPVTZ5fp9ugRtDL4oKZu_gxjwG2pY$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                  <br class="">
                                                </i> </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </blockquote>
                                        </div>
                                      </blockquote>
                                      <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                                        <i class=""> Dr. Eric Werner <br class="">
                                          Oxford Advanced Research
                                          Foundation <br class="">
                                          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!ULTdPadjetHQaFjDWHSRq3NTGl5cum0ToYkM5RPNPmDlsElQtx0BarbTaNClj9Gs3pK5uLq7CNAT1ZjBQdOJxfo$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                          <br class="">
                                          <br class="">
                                        </i> </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                <u class=""></u> </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                              <i class=""> Dr. Eric Werner <br class="">
                                Oxford Advanced Research Foundation <br class="">
                                <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!U6Z9SjSPXXPQE_dYNztjOD0PIXKI7DKT8_nzn-liWAXn4G_QUg1i4fvKHGFzwuH94uJe_nj6fPVMUFlws1cYm38$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                                <br class="">
                                <br class="">
                              </i> </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <fieldset class=""></fieldset>
                            <pre class="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL

Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" class="">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
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----------
</pre>
                          </blockquote>
                          <div class=""> -- <br class="">
                            <i class=""> Dr. Eric Werner <br class="">
                              Oxford Advanced Research Foundation <br class="">
                              <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RgLnjNz9O07xrTXKPte-Q52ZaNv5bSe2q0kcXcqJTGMt5OUshd6kdTKqnSVj2xb1GscdC55j-7nvyPF4m2g9ZEw$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a><br class="">
                              <br class="">
                              <br class="">
                            </i> </div>
                          <br class="">
                        </blockquote>
                        <br class="">
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </blockquote>
      <div class="">-- <br class="">
        <i class=""> Dr. Eric Werner <br class="">
          Oxford Advanced Research Foundation <br class="">
          <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://oarf.org__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RceHxVnwcS1HKa4o1K3O2F3CWJTH4hKFZwUBkMrZcO5zelqA1w1gSqqL8f3tyAsY8lI24FG7RRGsI42DlRjSZNs$" target="_blank" class="">https://oarf.org</a> <br class="">
          <br class="">
          <br class="">
        </i></div>
      <br class="">
      <fieldset class=""></fieldset>
      <pre class="">_______________________________________________
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Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
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</pre>
    </blockquote><p class=""><br class="">
    </p>
  </div>

_______________________________________________<br class="">
Fis mailing list<br class="">
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br class="">
<br class="">
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<br class="">
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a><br class="">
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----------<br class="">
</blockquote></div>
_______________________________________________<br class="">Fis mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" class="">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis<br class="">----------<br class="">INFORMACI�N SOBRE PROTECCI�N DE DATOS DE CAR�CTER PERSONAL<br class=""><br class="">Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<br class="">Puede encontrar toda la informaci�n sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas<br class="">Recuerde que si est� suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicaci�n en el momento en que lo desee.<br class="">http://listas.unizar.es<br class="">----------<br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>