<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dear Eric,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I am also very worried about the military uses of AI. This is an issue on technical ethics and needs the strong cooperation between all governments. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We, as scientists and professors, have the responsibility to promote the study of technical ethics in AI. At the same time, we have to pay more attentions to the technical study of AI itself.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I agree with you on the characters of wisdom: fairness, kindness, love, for all humans, for all life, and, all in all, for living and developments of all people.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the context of technical study, wisdom means the ability to define the problem, which should be good for all humans if solved, and intelligence means the ability to solve the problem defined by wisdom.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Keeping the difference between wisdom and intelligence mentioned above, it is believed that intelligence can be simulated by machine whereas wisdom cannot be simulated by machine. In other word, <u>AI cannot be creative in the meaning of unable to define the problem good for all humans in solved</u>. I wonder if you agree or not.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Best regards,</font></div><div><sign signid="99"><div><div style="color:#909090;font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:12px"></div></div><div style="font-size:14px;font-family:Verdana;color:#000;" class="signRealArea">
<div style="overflow:hidden;"><div class="l_box" style="float:left;height:100px;margin:35px 10px 10px 0;padding:0 10px 0 15px;border-right:1px solid #dedede;"><div class="logo" style="max-height: 150px;overflow: hidden;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left;"><br></div><div class="logo" style="max-height: 150px;overflow: hidden;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left;"><br></div><div class="logo" style="max-height: 150px;overflow: hidden;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left;"><img src="https://exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/viewfile?type=logo&domain=bupt.edu.cn" onerror=""></div></div><div class="c_detail" style="float:left;padding-top:35px;line-height:22px;color:#a0a0a0;zoom:1;"><h4 class="name" style="margin:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:28px;color:#000;zoom:1;">Prof. Yixin ZHONG</h4><div>AI School, BUPT</div><div>Beijing 100876, China</div><p class="department" style="margin:0;"><br></p><p class="phone" style="margin:0;"></p><p class="addr" style="margin:0;line-height:22px;color:#a0a0a0;"><br></p></div></div>
</div></sign></div><div> </div><div><includetail><div> </div><div> </div><div style="font:Verdana normal 14px;color:#000;"><div style="FONT-SIZE: 12px;FONT-FAMILY: Arial Narrow;padding:2px 0 2px 0;">------------------ Original ------------------</div><div style="FONT-SIZE: 12px;background:#efefef;padding:8px;"><div id="menu_sender"><b>From: </b> "Eric Werner"<eric.werner@oarf.org>;</div><div><b>Date: </b> Mon, Oct 23, 2023 05:33 PM</div><div><b>To: </b> "钟义信"<zyx@bupt.edu.cn>; "fis"<fis@listas.unizar.es>; <wbr></div><div></div><div><b>Subject: </b> Re: [Fis]回复： Fis Digest, Vol 105, Issue 12</div></div><div> </div><div style="position:relative;"><div id="tmpcontent_res"></div>
<p>
</p>
<div class="moz-text-html" lang="x-unicode">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<h1><br>
</h1>
Dear Yixin, Ma</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Thank you all for your thoughtful contributions Krassimir,
Marcus, Pedro, Yixin. Thinking about wisdom and human nature
and AI. Recently viewing the uses of AI in weapons systems
already being designed and produced by corporations that sell
to governments, made me hesitate about what we are doing. We
need a deep discussion about artificial intelligence in a
social industrial governmental military context. <br>
<h1>AI in love and war</h1>
<div align="center"><i><b>We walk lightly along the edge of a
deep ravine, </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>where can be seen </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>the results of passions played. </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>Oh, I loved too much, </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>and by such, by such </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>is happiness thrown away.</b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>I had wooed not as I should</b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>a creature made of clay</b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>When the angel woos the clay </b></i></div>
<div align="center"><i><b>he'd lose his wings<br>
</b></i></div>
<div align="center"><b>at the dawning of the day</b></div>
<div align="center"><b><br>
</b></div>
<div align="center">(Adapted from a poem 'On Raglan Road' by
Patrick Kavanagh)<br>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Wisdom in the wide human sense</li>
<ul>
<li>Fairness</li>
<li>Kindness</li>
<li>Love</li>
<li>For all humans </li>
<li>For all life</li>
</ul>
<li>Military uses of AI</li>
<ul>
<li>Goal directed</li>
<li>Antagonistic</li>
<li>Cooperative</li>
<li>Destructive</li>
<li>Murderous </li>
<li>Anti-human</li>
<li>Financially motivated</li>
</ul>
<li>An AI model is like a child</li>
<ul>
<li>It can be molded to the wishes of the user</li>
<li>At the same time, it’s like a mother that responds to
every wish</li>
<li>It is an all knowing God</li>
<li>Connected to a robotic system, it can heal, but it can
also murder</li>
<li>AI is a child of humankind</li>
<li>All too human</li>
<li>A savior and genocidal</li>
</ul>
<li>What will we do?<br>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="moz-text-html" lang="x-unicode">King regards,</div>
<div class="moz-text-html" lang="x-unicode"><br>
</div>
<div class="moz-text-html" lang="x-unicode">Eric</div>
<div class="moz-text-html" lang="x-unicode"><br>
<div dir="ltr">Sent from my iPhone</div>
</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 10/22/23 9:43 AM, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn">zyx@bupt.edu.cn</a>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:oulfnhm7rh8c-vg9w87-kmisn1-rza50q8pbkz38b265mwdnibl4d7p1v-eb28gdg4qgxtxzbzsc-zi819v-9d85nrf3ndnfm3kmu8-75zglub87grw-4oytqc-4f">
<div dir="auto">Dear Eric,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>You proposed a number of points which are interesting and
important Thank you very much!</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I would like to discuss at least some of them not now, but
a few days later because my notebook was trouble some the day
before yesterday. </div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best wished,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Yixin<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div id="hw_signature">发自我的手机</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="line-height:1.5"><br>
<br>
-------- 原始邮件 --------<br>
发件人： Eric Werner <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org"><eric.werner@oarf.org></a><br>
日期： 2023年10月19日周四 傍晚5:56<br>
收件人： 钟义信 <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn"><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>, fis
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es"><fis@listas.unizar.es></a><br>
主 题： Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol 105, Issue 12<br>
<blockquote>
<div>
<p>Dear Yixin,</p>
<p>Can you be more specific what you mean by "change the
paradigm used in AI". It might help to give a specific
example. </p>
<p>*At present AI systems certainly behave as if they are
goal directed. <br>
</p>
<p>*AI systems appear to have wisdom in that they can
propose wise courses of action</p>
<p>* What do you mean by "pure formalism"? It seems one of
the powers of formalism is to understand AI and human
intelligence. <br>
</p>
<p>* It seems AI systems exhibit human-like wisdom when they
offer advice or guide the actions of a virtual assistant
or self driving car. The react based on the circumstances
and goals of the other, at leas to an extent. <br>
</p>
<p>* Why can't a machine understand human goals and purposes
if it gains a model of those from human data? <br>
</p>
<p>* Why can't an AI system have intentions? <br>
</p>
<p>My overall problem is understanding your specific
criticism of the present AI paradigm? This notion seems to
me to need clearer definition. <br>
</p>
<p>How would you overcome the present AI paradigm and what
specifically is different when you want to "change the
paradigm used in AI"???</p>
<p>This is not a criticism it is a real question in trying
to understand you. At present I just don't see the
difference between the present AI paradigm and your new AI
paradigm. <br>
</p>
<p>Best wishes,</p>
<p>Eric <br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div>On 10/19/23 8:48 AM, 钟义信 wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dear Krassimir,
Dear Eric, and Dear Colleagues,</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The discussion
is going on well thanks to all your efforts.</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Here is a few
points I would like to mention (or re-mention).</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(1) The purpose
of the "declaration on Paradigm Change in AI" is to
make an appeal for <u>change the paradigm used in AI.</u> </font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(2) There may
have different understanding on the concept of
paradigm. However, <u>the concept of paradigm for a
scientific discipline has been re-defined as the
scientific world view and the associated methodology</u> because
the scientific worldview and its methodology as a
whole is the only factor that can determine whether a
scientific discipline needs a "revolution" (Kuhn's
language).</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(3) The major
result of "paradigm change in AI" is <u>to change the
methodology used in AI, including the principles of
"pure formalism" and "divide and conquer"</u>. This
is because of the fact that <u>the former
principle leads to the ignoring the meaning and
value and thus leads to the loss of understanding
ability and explaining ability</u> while <u>the
latter one leads to the loss of the general theory
for AI</u>. Note that "no explaining ability" and
"no general theory" are the most typical and also most
concerned problems for current AI.</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(4) There is <u>difference
between human intelligence and human wisdom</u>. One
of the functions of human wisdom is to find the
to-be-solved problem which must be meaningful for
human purpose of improving the living and developing.
Yet, the function of human intelligence is to solve
the problem defined by human wisdom. </font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(5) Human
intelligence can be simulated by machine. But human
wisdom cannot be simulated by machine because machine
is non-living beings that has no its own purpose and
cannot understand human purpose. No purpose means no
wisdom.</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I wonder if you
agree or not. Comments are welcome!</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Best regards,</font></div>
<div>
<div><font size="4" face="SimSun,STSong"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:'verdana';color:#000">
<div>
<div style="float:left;height:100px;margin:35px 10px 10px 0;padding:0 10px 0 15px;border-right:1px solid #dedede">
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left"><br>
</div>
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left"><br>
</div>
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0 0 0;float:left"><img src="https://exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/viewfile?type=logo&domain=bupt.edu.cn" moz-do-not-send="true" onerror=""></div>
</div>
<div style="float:left;padding-top:35px;line-height:22px;color:#a0a0a0">
<h4 style="margin:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:28px;color:#000">Prof.
Yixin ZHONG</h4>
<div>AI School, BUPT</div>
<div>Beijing 100876, China</div>
<p style="margin:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0;line-height:22px;color:#a0a0a0"><br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div style="font:'verdana' normal 14px;color:#000">
<div style="font-size:12px;font-family:'arial narrow';padding:2px 0 2px 0">------------------ Original ------------------</div>
<div style="font-size:12px;background:#efefef;padding:8px">
<div><b>From: </b> "Krassimir Markov"<a href="mailto:itheaiss@gmail.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><itheaiss@gmail.com></a>;</div>
<div><b>Date: </b> Thu, Oct 19, 2023 03:32 AM</div>
<div><b>To: </b> "fis"<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" moz-do-not-send="true"><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;
<wbr></div>
<div><b>Subject: </b> Re: [Fis] Fis Digest, Vol
105, Issue 12</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div style="position:relative">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">Dear Yixin, Eric and FIS
colleagues,
<div>Let me present some thoughts about </div>
<div>
<p style="text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'" align="center"><b>The “Intelligence”
Paradigm</b></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">For
those who are not familiar with the concepts
of "paradigm" and "paradigm shift", I would
recommend texts from Wikipedia that explain
it clearly enough.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">I
myself maintain a neutral position in the
dispute between Popper and Kuhn regarding
the development of science. Both theses have
their grounds, but at different levels and
stages. In fact, in this case, the law of
quantitative accumulation, which leads to
qualitative changes, applies. Obviously, in
a number of cases the paradigm shift happens
in leaps and bounds, while in others it
happens smoothly and barely perceptibly.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">For
example, the accumulation of sufficient
observations and evidences regarding the
shape of the earth required a shift to a new
paradigm: from the "Earth is flat" paradigm
to the "Earth is not flat" paradigm.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">Sometimes
opposing paradigms can coexist, not negating
each other, but complementing each other.
For example, this is the case with Euclid's
fifth postulate (the parallel postulate).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">The
postulate has long been considered
self-evident or inevitable, but no evidence
has been found. Eventually, it was
discovered that reversing the postulate gave
valid, albeit different, geometries. A
geometry where the parallelism postulate
does not hold is known as non-Euclidean
geometry.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">With
regard to the paradigm of "intelligence" we
have a similar situation. We have at least
two opposing paradigms based on two opposing
postulates.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">The
first, let's call it the "flat intelligence
postulate", was well articulated by Yixin in
his post:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">"Intelligence
is the ability to solve problems, but not
the ability to detect and define problems,
the latter of which is one of the faculties
of wisdom."</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">The
second, let's call it the "non-flat
intelligence postulate", will sound
unifying: "Intelligence is both the ability
to solve problems and the ability to detect
and define problems" (Eric), but in
different directions in the hierarchy of
intelligences (KM)". This is how we arrive
at the idea of cybernetic systems, where
there is a controller and a controlled, but
the controller is connected to the
environment from which it receives
controlling influences and is, in practice,
both "controller" and "controlled", but in
different aspects of the system.</p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'"><span style="line-height:115%"> </span></p>
<img src="cid:part1.vgA3Uhqq.AHWOWU34@oarf.org" moz-do-not-send="true" width="472" height="359" onerror=""><br>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'"><span style="line-height:115%"> </span></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'" align="center"><span style="line-height:115%"></span><span style="line-height:115%"></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'" align="center"><br>
</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin:0cm 0cm 10pt;line-height:115%;font-size:11pt;font-family:'calibri' , 'sans-serif'">To
be continued ...</p>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="elided-text">
<div dir="ltr">На ср, 18.10.2023 г. в 15:07 ч.
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:fis-request@listas.unizar.es"><fis-request@listas.unizar.es></a> написа:<br>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb( 204 , 204 , 204 );padding-left:1ex">Send
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When replying, please edit your Subject line so
it is more specific<br>
than "Re: Contents of Fis digest..."<br>
Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Re: Paradigm AI - I guess we call it
Genius (Eric Werner)<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: Eric Werner <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org"><eric.werner@oarf.org></a><br>
To: Karl Javorszky
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:karl.javorszky@gmail.com"><karl.javorszky@gmail.com></a><br>
Cc: "钟义信" <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:zyx@bupt.edu.cn"><zyx@bupt.edu.cn></a>, fis
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es"><fis@listas.unizar.es></a><br>
Bcc: <br>
Date: Wed, 18 Oct 2023 14:07:13 +0200<br>
Subject: Re: [Fis] Paradigm AI - I guess we call
it Genius<br>
<div>
<p>Dear Karl,</p>
<p>Thank you for bringing this important point
to my attention. Here are some thoughts:<br>
</p>
<div>
<h1>I guess we call it Genius </h1>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Difference between generating and
understanding or reading</li>
<li>Super intelligence, requires genius or
generational understanding</li>
<li>Generative intelligence</li>
<li>Creative intelligence</li>
<li>Compositional intelligence</li>
<li>Formative intelligence</li>
<li>Evolutional intelligence</li>
<li>Restricting, intelligence to
problem-solving, dismisses, creative acts
of composition in science and the arts</li>
<li>Think of Heinz Kohut’s formation of the
self in psychology versus Freudian
reactive psychology</li>
<li>It’s the difference between discovering
a theorem, and proving the theorem</li>
<li>It’s the difference between school-boy
problem-solving, and Newton</li>
<li>Some psychologists think of intelligence
in relationship to testing people for
their ability to cope in educational
institutions. They want to see if they are
college material or not. <br>
</li>
<li>With future All systems were talking
about Newton level intelligence not
college level intelligence</li>
<li>Kantian synthetic intelligence </li>
<li>We better be ready for that! If not, we
got some real problems. <br>
</li>
<li>That is why making these systems social
and cooperative is so essential.<br>
</li>
</ul>
<p>We may quickly reach a point where the
compositional creative intelligence of
artificial models is so powerful, we will
not be able to understand them. Not just how
they work. We already don't understand how
they work now. But their reasoning and new
outputs such, as for example, mathematical
insights. Imagine a system that can reason
and develop 2,000 years of mathematics in a
few minutes. It is precisely this
overarching linking of knowledge that makes
for real intelligence such as that of
Leibniz or Newton. The old school model of
psychological testing of intelligence uses a
definition of intelligence that is to
limiting for AI models. AI models are not
your evey day student. <br>
</p>
<p>Best wishes,</p>
<p>Eric<br>
</p>
<div>On 10/18/23 12:59 PM, Karl Javorszky
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<p>Dear Eric,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Your statement: „The essence of
general intelligence is the ability to
not only solve an externally given
problem but to be creative and find
and define problems.” is at deviance
to accepted delineations of concepts
in the trade of psychology. Rohracher
[1] has defined in 1969 (and to my
knowledge, no one has disputed this
wording): “Intelligence is the degree
of efficiency [of the CNS] while
solving new problems.”</p>
<p>What you refer to is subsumed
variously under: creativity,
alertness, curiosity, vitality,
spontaneity. </p>
<p>There is consensus in the
epistemology of psychology that there
can exist no final, conclusive,
all-encompassing theory of personality
(in which intelligence and
adaptability/curiosity would or would
not be separated as concepts), because
if such an ultimate, final, true
theory of personality would exist,
that assumption would negate the
axiomatic rule that one can always
learn something new, at least about
himself. There is, by definition, no
end to introspection and philosophy.
One can always come up with a new
theory of personality and one cannot
rule out that a new theory of
personality would be more reasonable,
truer, more conclusive than anything
that has existed before.</p>
<p>Psychologists see theories about mind
and soul in the same way believers see
their God. It is impossible to
recognize all features of God, let
alone to insist that one has a correct
reading.</p>
<p>So, if you decide not to distinguish
between efficiency of solving new
problems and ability and tendency
towards finding new problems to solve,
you are free to do so. Established use
of words splits the two personality
traits.</p>
<p>I have prepared a statement about the
key word “otherwise”. The word is
needed to scale the efficiency of
mental processes while solving new
problems (aka ‘intelligence’) by
scaling the diversity/similarity
properties of alternatives. To be able
to efficiently choose between
alternatives, one needs to have
alternatives that are different among
each other. The task is to find such
collections of symbols that are
alternatives to each other, not by
machinations by humans, but as members
of a symbols collection. This task is
not easy to solve while using the
symbols set in the traditional,
Sumerian ways only. One needs to
assume that symbols have their own
properties, by their nature, immanent
to them. </p>
<p>Due to the two-messages-per-week
rule, the contribution shall come next
week.</p>
<p>Karl</p>
<p>[1] Rohracher, H.: Einführung in die
Psychologie, Urban &
Schwarzenberg, Wien 1951</p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="elided-text">
<div dir="ltr">Am Mi., 18. Okt. 2023 um
12:01 Uhr schrieb Eric Werner
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org"><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb( 204 , 204 , 204 );padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p>Dear Yixin,</p>
<p>Thank you for you comments! <br>
</p>
<p>To your point (2): The essence of
general intelligence is the ability
to not only solve an externally
given problem, but to be creative
and find and define problems. For
example, given a knowledge of
mathematics and physics and data to
generate new mathematics and new
insights into the nature of the
world. <br>
</p>
<p>To your point (3): Biotechnology
and AI are somewhat independent
fields. AI can help genome research
and decoding genomes. But once
genomes are decoded that information
can be used to construct more
general AI models. When I say
"architecture" I meant the
architecture of the human brain
encoded in the human genome. This
architectural information can be
used to guide the structuring of AI
models be be more potent and more
human like. And, AI may well help
in the process of structuring its
future version. That is what I meant
by selfreferencing. <br>
</p>
<p>To the more general point,
formalization of social information
can help guide the improvement of AI
models to be more social and have
greater abilities in a AI-robot
social setting. <br>
</p>
<p>All the best,</p>
<p>Eric <br>
</p>
<div>On 10/18/23 9:16 AM, 钟义信 wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dear
Eric,</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thank you
for the interesting talk on
"Paradigm AI" from which I
learned a lot. </font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As a
discussant, may I propose some
of my understanding. Comments
are welcome. </font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(1) I
appreciate your idea that saying
"Physics paradigm PPD does not
fit well with AI paradigm" and
"Information paradigm PID is a
better fit". This is the
valuable common basis, between
you and me, concerning the PPD,
PID and AI.</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(2) How
to define the concept of
intelligence? This is a very
difficult problem. To my own
understanding, the following
short statement may serve as one
of the candidates: <u>Intelligence
is the ability to solve
problem but not the ability to
find and define problem, the
latter of which is one of the
abilities for wisdom.</u></font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><u><br>
</u></font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(3) The
paradigm for AI can be used as
the paradigm for bio-technology
with certain simplification and
specialization. This judgement
is not based on their
"structure/architecture", but
based on their "information
function" - which is the basic
function in both AI and
biotechnology, that is to seek
opportunity for "living (or
solving problem)" and to avoid
the "danger (or failing to
problem solving)".</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Once
again, comments and criticisms
are most welcome.</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Best
regards,</font></div>
<div>
<div style="font-size:14px;font-family:'verdana';color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 )">
<div>
<div style="float:left;height:100px;margin:35px 10px 10px 0px;padding:0px 10px 0px 15px;border-right:1px solid rgb( 222 , 222 , 222 )">
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left"><br>
</div>
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left"><br>
</div>
<div style="max-height:150px;margin:35px 0px 0px;float:left"><img src="https://exmail.qq.com/cgi-bin/viewfile?type=logo&domain=bupt.edu.cn" moz-do-not-send="true" onerror=""></div>
</div>
<div style="float:left;padding-top:35px;line-height:22px;color:rgb( 160 , 160 , 160 )">
<h4 style="margin:0px;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:28px;color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 )">Prof.
Yixin ZHONG</h4>
<div>AI School, BUPT</div>
<div>Beijing 100876, China</div>
<p style="margin:0px"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px;line-height:22px;color:rgb( 160 , 160 , 160 )"><br>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 )">
<div style="font-size:12px;font-family:'arial narrow';padding:2px 0px">------------------ Original ------------------</div>
<div style="font-size:12px;background:rgb( 239 , 239 , 239 );padding:8px">
<div><b>From: </b> "Eric Werner"<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eric.werner@oarf.org"><eric.werner@oarf.org></a>;</div>
<div><b>Date: </b> Tue, Oct
17, 2023 02:32 AM</div>
<div><b>To: </b> "fis"<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es"><fis@listas.unizar.es></a>;
</div>
<div><b>Subject: </b> [Fis]
Paradigm AI</div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<p>Here are some brief
thoughts on Paradigms and AI
by I presume was written by
Yixin Zhong since I cannot
read Chinese. <br>
</p>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<h1>Paradigm AI</h1>
</div>
<ul>
<li>I agree that the
physics paradigm PPD
doesn’t fit well with
the AI paradigm, and
that the information
paradigm PID is a better
fit</li>
<li>Artificial
intelligence systems,
don’t necessarily learn
from human beings. In
unsupervised learning
they learn from data and
not from humans.</li>
<li>The problem, and
becomes really how to
define what intelligence
is: Which of the
following is it?<br>
</li>
<ul>
<li>Rational inference</li>
<li>Summarizing large
amounts of text and
data</li>
<li>Making new
predictions based on
scientific theories
and available data</li>
<li>Developing new
theories that explain
the data in the more
succinct way, and
making new predictions</li>
<li>Developing new
technologies
independently of human
input</li>
<li>Planning and
executing the actions
and intentions of a
robot</li>
<li>Having social
intelligence</li>
<li>Being cooperative
with a human being in
achieving a task </li>
<li>Interrelating two
discipline, such as
physics and
mathematics, to make
new discoveries</li>
<li>Understanding,
genomes in the way
that human beings
cannot</li>
<li>Designing new
organisms by designing
their genomes</li>
</ul>
<li>I agree with the
language of a new
paradigm, such as
artificial intelligence
will develop slowly step
by step in conjunction
with its use -both
conceptually and
experimentally .</li>
<li>In a new paradigm
entire new language is
created as a paradigm is
developed</li>
<li>The language evolves
in concert with a new
ontology suggested by
the paradigm</li>
<ul>
<li>It is an ontology of
objects, technologies,
actions, and
strategies</li>
</ul>
<li>What will be
particularly
interesting, is the <b><font size="5">linking of
the paradigm of
artificial
intelligence with
the paradigm of
biotechnology</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>Biotechnology and AI
will truly link the
human brain with the
artificial brain</li>
<li>The genome of the
natural brain will be
reflected in the
architecture of the
artificial brain</li>
<li>Hence by using AI to
decode the genome of
the natural brain, it
will be self-reflected
in the design of the
developing artificial
brain </li>
<li>This will bring
unprecedented social
and rational
functionality to the
artificial brain </li>
<li>Note that the
biotech-genome
paradigm also is
founded on the
information paradigm.<br>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<p>Thank you Yixin Zhong for
your input and emphasizing
the intimate relationship of
information and AI
paradigms. <br>
</p>
<p>Best wishes,</p>
<p>Eric <br>
</p>
<div>-- <br>
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Oxford Advanced Research
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