<div>"about a zettabyte (10^23 bits). About the same amount of information contains one human personality" - what definitions of the concepts "information" and "human personality" allow making such estimates?<br></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Вт, 28 февр. 2023 г. в 20:17, konstantin lidin <<a href="mailto:lidinkl@hotmail.com">lidinkl@hotmail.com</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<span lang="EN-US">Dear information ladies and gentlemen!<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">There are two directions in the study of information. One, "humanitarian", explores information processes in living systems. The other ("physical") focuses on the study of information
transitions into energy and other phenomena related to the structure of matter. The separation of these branches looks quite natural if we take into account the difference in the amount of information contained in the studied objects. The total amount of information
contained on all media in all libraries, archives and other repositories of mankind is about a zettabyte (10^23 bits). About the same amount of information contains one human personality. At the same time, the most powerful information processes in non-living
systems are limited to giga- and terabit scales. The difference of ten orders of magnitude cannot but cause fundamental differences in the methods and paradigms of these two spheres of knowledge.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Recently, I have been saddened to observe the cessation of the dialogue between the two branches of information theory. "Humanitarians" and "physicists" increasingly ignore each other.
It is unlikely that such trends will help the development of our ideas about the essence and properties of information. I sincerely hope that the gap will be overcome, including through my modest efforts.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.0pt" lang="EN-US">EMOTIONS AS EXPERIENCE OF INFORMATION FLOW<u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:13.0pt" lang="EN-US">Konstantin Lidin<u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
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<b><span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Emotions play a very significant role in all areas related to the human factor [1]. The problem, however, is that the existing theories of emotion seem to fit only within their own narrow
field. Attempts to use each of the theories in other areas are sharply criticized [2, 3].<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Our idea is to define emotions as the experience of information flow characteristics. In turn, we understand information as a structural aspect of the existence of matter, along with
the inertial aspect (substance) and the dynamic aspect (energy). We believe that information is no less material than matter and energy.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Consider the flow of information through the human senses. Like any flow, this flow can be strong (intense, with a lot of information per unit time) or weak. It can also be ordered (laminar)
or chaotic (turbulent).<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The high intensity of the flow corresponds to the emotions of the group "interest, enthusiasm, excitement". Low - to the emotions of the "sadness, despondency" group. The laminar flow
of information corresponds to the emotions of the "conscience, guilt" group. Turbulent - "fear, anxiety."</span><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<span></span><u></u> <img size="99475" src="cid:1869b775f42ea654a7f1" style="width:566px;max-width:100%"><u></u></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Axes "intensity" and "order" are orthogonal to each other and form the basis of the Cartesian two-dimensional space. Thus, we get a "space of emotions", in which everyone points to a
certain emotion. For example, the diagonal vector between the "interest" and "fear" semiaxes corresponds to the emotions of the "anger, aggression" group, and the vector between the "fear" and "sadness" semiaxes corresponds to the emotions of the "anger, aggression"
group. groups "disgust, contempt". Diagonally between the vectors "sadness" and "conscience, guilt" are the emotions of the group "shame", and between "conscience" and "interest" - the group of emotions "joy, pride".<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Of course, only a few areas of the emotional space have their own names in any language. Most of the emotions are either "nameless" or indicated allegorically, with the help of comparisons
and metaphors.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The center of the space of emotions is the state of indifference. In ancient Greek philosophy, this state was designated as "ataraxia", in Sanskrit it corresponds to the term "ahimsa",
and in Chinese philosophy - the principle of "wu-wei".<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The farther from the center,
<span> </span>the more intense the emotions. For example, a weak form of the emotion "anger" is called "displeasure, irritation", and an extremely strong emotion from this group is called "rage, fury".<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The emotions of the left half-plane around the “sadness” half-axis slow down the processes in the body (they act asthenic). When experiencing sadness, breathing and pulse become slower
and smaller, metabolism and energy production are inhibited at the cellular level, and so on. Unlimited growth of such processes can also become incompatible with life. In the same way, other groups of emotions have their own physiological limits on intensity.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The bodily aspect of experiencing emotions allows you to associate them with the qualities of the images that a person perceives. The nervous system, and after it, the whole body is tuned
to experience the information flow with certain parameters by changing the balance of neurotransmitters. For example, an increase in the concentration of dopamine and serotonin brings the nervous system into a state that is most effective for experiencing
intense flows of information; adrenaline helps to experience chaotic flows of information, and so on.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Sthenic emotions, having a stimulating effect on the body, contribute to an increase in visual acuity, especially color (since the cones in the retina are more mobile in their states
than the rods). Other perceptions are heightened as well. As a result, a person in a sthenic state perceives the world as brighter, more colorful, dynamic, loud and resonant, saturated with intense smells and tastes.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Accordingly, the emotions of the sthenic group (“interest” and those close to it) can be stimulated with the help of “hot” images with high brightness, colorfulness and dynamism. Voiced
and loud sounds, intense smells and tastes, etc. are perceived as more interesting.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">On the contrary, the emotions of the asthenic group (“sadness” and around it) are stimulated by the perception of “cold” images - static, dull and gray. The "sounds of sadness" are quiet
and muffled, the tastes and smells are faint and nuanced.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">Images corresponding to the emotions of the upper half-plane (“conscience, guilt” and those close to them) are distinguished by orderliness and harmony. In terms of visual mode, they
rely on classic color chords, clear symmetry and balance. Their sound is rhythmic and harmonious. In the olfactory sense, natural combinations of taste and smell are used.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The lower half-plane of the space of emotions corresponds to emotions of a chaotic type (“fear”, “anger”, “disgust” and those close to them). Such states correspond to colorful, disharmonious,
arrhythmic, dissymmetric and dissonant images.<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span></span><u></u> <img size="73902" src="cid:1869b775f42ea654a7f2" style="width:562px;max-width:100%"><u></u></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">The interpretation of emotions as parameters of the information flow makes it possible to build quantitative models for the analysis and synthesis of images in various fields. Our experience
has shown the applicability of the information model of emotions in various areas of psychology, urban studies, architecture and design, economics, management, pedagogy, cultural studies, journalism, literary criticism, and so on
</span><span lang="EN-US">[4]</span><span lang="EN-US">. We are currently working on using the information model
of emotions in the field of human-computer interaction (artificial intelligence).<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<b><span lang="EN-US">References<u></u> <u></u></span></b></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">1. Emotion-oriented Systems (2011). Catherine Pelachaud (Ed.), London : Wiley
<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">2. Scarantino, Andrea and Ronald de Sousa, “Emotion”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">3. Handbook of emotions (2008). Michael Lewis, Jeanette M. Halivand-Jones and Lisa Feldman Barrett (Ed.).3-d edition. NY – London : The Guilford Press<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US">4. Lidin K. et all (2017) Applying the theory of informational
</span>fl<span lang="EN-US">ows in urbanism for a practical experiment in architecture and land use. Revista Espacios, V. 39(1), 12-21<u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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</blockquote></div></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>Никита Ефимович Шкловский-Корди<div>Гематологический центр.</div><div><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http://WWW.AI-VOROBIEV.RU__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!QeK0pbvik1hg3lDCY4Zwlucv-jtbXSFHIhqUItgj2MwSJGIkNiIHA17p2k4_9Lon6Ui86h5ACuRyWJuEQj8w$" target="_blank">WWW.AI-VOROBIEV.RU</a> - сайт Андрея Ивановича Воробьева</div></div></div></div>