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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Dear Pedro, Dear Colleagues
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I apologize for the delay in getting back as I’m in the midst of a busy teaching term.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Pedro thank you for your excellent comments. Let me respond under the following headings-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">(i)The Barbieri Code Biology & C</span>odepoieis:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is something I picked up recently in the run up to my BioSystems (2022) paper. I was interested to see how Barbieri was moving away from thermodynamic explanations of self-organization and toward code based explanations of how information
is processed in the most sophisticated of digital systems , viz. genomic systems.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">However, as code based explanations fall under Computation Theory or Recursive Function Theory (CT/RFT) we have to contend with the fact that symbol processing and wrong mental imagery about an entire system as a single TM (sic, the brain
is <b><i>a</i></b><i> </i>computer) has given code based theories of intelligence a bad rap.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The potent discovery of Barbara McClintock of scissor paste/copy paste virally based transposable elements implying that only software can change software has refocussed gene science back to code based explanations. To my mind with TEs,
this no different from how one would edit a word doc. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Consider the print command when a hard copy has to be produced.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This is where a staple of CT/RFT comes to the fore – the so called Self-Ref or diagonal operator has machines running their own codes. A referee from the Entropy journal (<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.3390/e23040405__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqV3O-kDY$">Markose
(2021)</a> ) asked me what does this mean for biology. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> Thanks to a throw away remark made by Neil Gershenfeld of MIT Self-assembly labs: when having to design end to end digital fabrication, the program has to build the machine that runs the program which finally has to 3-D print soma, morphology
etc using bio-digitized materials. The m-RNA, T-RNA & ribosome is the basis of this.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you for directing me to the work of Youri Timsit on this. To my mind to date the bulk of self-organization and self-assembly focuses on the physical materials, no doubt important in the 3 D printing, but prior to this is the software/program
that does this end to end. So from speaking to Rusty Gage Salk Institute, self-assembly of thoughts/memories will use similar m-RNA, T-RNA techniques as gene expression in general.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>(2) Vulnerability To Attack of gene codes : Self and hostile other
<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Physical attack on soma – such as toxicity, temperature, ingress etc is a different ball game to if somebody is out to change your genomic codes. Do I know if my code has been changed ?
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I suggest that vertebrates (post jawed fish) went for an elaborate mapping of self found exactly like in in the
<b>Self- Rep</b> Meta Rep Theorem of Hartley Rogers RFT Textbook. When <i>online</i> self-assembly halts via gene expression, the immune self is mapped
<i>offline</i>. I believe genes like AIRE etc are needed for this mapping and if this fails, the organism dies from immune deficiency.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Part from myself and Ischura Tsuda nobody has mentioned that this online offline mirroring is pure RFT.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some years ago I asked Noam Chomsky about this, who btw replies promptly, he said he remembers sitting in Hartley Rogers lectures and that what I said makes sense. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In logic this offline Self-Rep step is vital for a digitized biotic element to make statements about itself. In particular: “have I been negated ? “ This is working out the fixed points of negation function on self codes, none other than
Gödel Sentences. I will elaborate more on this when responding to Andrea Igamberdiev. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>(3) Self-Rep in Immune System and Mirror Neuron System in the Brian<o:p></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I think most people will agree that immune system and brain are self-other recognition systems.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I am specific about vertebrate immune system and MNS in the brain that follows identical code based self-ref/self-rep RFT machinery. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Pedro MNS is there in rudimentary form in all vertebrates. But I’m told only after certain primates the conscious sense of self , ie. recognizing your image in a mirror occurred.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">What is the mileage from using this framework ? We will get a new perspective of how homeostasis is conducted that involves a self-referential blockchain distributed ledger (BCDL) . This is a new diversity-selector model over and above
random mutation and natural selection. No man-made BCDL or self-regulation systems uses self-refernce… or comes close to what has been achieved by genomic systems.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Many thanks again Pedro for your comments.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best Regards <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sheri <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> Fis <fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Pedro C. Marijuán<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 26 October 2022 19:48<br>
<b>To:</b> fis@listas.unizar.es<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Fis] New Discussion on Complex Self-Other Interactions and Gödelization of Biology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">CAUTION:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"> This email was sent from outside the University of Essex. Please do not click
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Sheri and FIS Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks a lot for your impressive text. The interpenetration of logic-computation and biology-immunology for the analysis of the "algorithmic" defense of self versus the non-self raises a number of relevant issues. I will refer to a few.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">You briefly mention Barbieri's code biology & codepoieis on the complexification of eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes (my own take comes from Villarreal, "ex viruses omnia", enlarging McClintock on mobile elements). It is very interesting to discuss
the new forms of vulnerability of the multicellulars precisely by those viral ancestries at the same time evolutionary associates & foes. The innate branch of the immune system probably already had predecessors in unicellular eukaryotes (there is an ancestral
form of "protosynapse" between them that predates the immune and the neuronal synapses). The relationship between immune and nervous systems is so deep... you can be quite right searching for both self vs. non-self recognition-strategies in both of them. There
is also the intriguing presence and tentative regulation of around 20 trillion bacteria (also fungi & viruses) of more than 2,000 species into the gut microbiome. The way immune & neural enteric system intermingle in the sheparding of that "ecosystemic cattle"
is amazing. Probably it could be another instance of mixed algorithmic strategy not far away from your own search scope.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Months ago, a leading researcher on ribosome structure/function/evolution lectured in this list--Youri Timsit. I wonder whether he has been around and read the present text, at least in the comment on ribosomes.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Going to Mirror System Neurons, my opinion is that other species apart from primates use it, see for instance domestic dogs' amazing mind reading capabilities. Perhaps in the very inner representations of self (sensory, motor, visceral,
plus the different pain systems) you may find other instances of advanced self vs. non-self operatives.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">And cancer? That means a dramatic breach of the self organization. The transformation of self into an invader non-self. We start to understand a little bit into the sets of mutations of the different cancer types. Whatever formal approaches
will be of help.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sorry that I cannot discuss on the suggestive formalisms you utilize--other FISers will do. At the time being these are my initial, mostly biological, comments.
<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks again,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">--Pedro<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">El 25/10/2022 a las 20:42, Markose, Sheri escribió:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Dear Colleagues - I look forward to your valuable comments.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0cm;text-align:center;background:white"><a name="_Hlk116426332"><b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">G</span></b><span style="color:black">ö<b><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">delian
Self-Referential Genomic Information Processing: Complex Self-Other Interactions and Novelty Production</span></b></span><o:p></o:p></a></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><b><i><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">Overview for Foundations of Information Science Discussion –
</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><b><i><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">Sheri Markose 25-10-2022</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Background
</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li></ol>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="mso-bookmark:_Hlk116426332"><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">Complexity, evolvability, novelty production and ‘thinking outside the box’ in biology and humans have for most
part relied on models of randomness or on statistical white noise error terms.
</span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> The digitization of inheritable information in the genome encoded in a near universal alphabet (A,T,C,G/U) has been called the ‘algorithmic
takeover of biology’ by Walker and Davis (2013). The Faustian pact at the genesis of life colourfully portrayed by Freeman Dyson as ‘ the takeover of a replicative digital virus of an analogue metabolism’ accords with the perspective of Forterre, Zimmer,
Villareal, Koonin and others. </span><span style="color:black">This underpins the remarkable fact that in nature only life and biology as we know it and the artifacts of genomic intelligence (GI) thereof are explicitly code based digital systems.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Genomic intelligence is a concept introduced in
</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.3390/e23040405__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqV3O-kDY$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Markose (2021)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
specifically to characterize the Gödelization of code-based information processing in genomic systems with the distinctive self-referential conditions of Gödel Incompleteness results that appear to have been acquired for complexification over the course of
evolution of multicellular eukaryote life, </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104718__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqPn2Rp5k$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Markose
(2022)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">. <a name="bbib59">To explain the latter in contrast to the relative stasis of prokaryotes, which has remain unchanged since inception,
</a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib10__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqdTKw3lg$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Barbieri
(2012</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">; </span></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib13__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq0lIhVMs$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">2018)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">,for
instance, has resorted to Code Biology and Codeopoiesis, viz. biotic code based explanations to complement the more popular thermodynamic explanations of self-organization and
</span></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/topics/mathematics/autopoiesis__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqDFaksjk$" title="Learn more about autopoiesis from ScienceDirect's
AI-generated Topic Pages"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">autopoiesis</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">.
</span></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib59__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqIQhnjCw$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Igamberdiev
(2021)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib59"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E"> gives general principles, but no concrete evidence, for why “living systems during evolution continuously
realize the proof of Gödel's theorems (1931).” </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> Significantly, while debunking the idea that the primary source of evolutionary changes arise from random transcription/replication
errors, t</span><span style="color:black;background:white">he epochal discovery by Nobel Laureate
<a name="bbib88">Barbara </a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib88"></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib88__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqajIC2C4$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib88"><span style="color:#0C7DBB">McClintock
(1984)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib88"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib88"></span><span style="color:black;background:white"> of viral transposable elements that conduct cut-paste (transposons) and copy-paste (retrotransposon) gives
a code based explanation for genomic evolvability, brain plasticity and novel phenotype primarily in eukaryotes. This underscores the truism that primarily only software can change software and also that viral hacking by such internal and external biotic
malware is the Achilles heel of genomic digital systems.<span style="background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">
</span> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;background:white"><b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Unpacking the Evidence</span></b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
<b>for </b></span><b><span style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Gödelization of Biology</span></b><span style="color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">
</span><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> While operations on encoded information fall under the purview of Computation Theory and Recursion Function Theory (<b>RFT</b>),
till recently there was no evidence for how this and </span><span style="color:#2E2E2E">Gödel's theorems apply to</span><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> biology. Markose (</span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib61__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq6qlj9z0$"><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">2022</span></a><span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">)
unpacks the recent breakthroughs here. </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Gödelization of information processing starts, firstly, with unique identifiers or Gödel numbers for digital entities well known in the digital economy and taking the form of bio-peptide
unique identifiers including ‘zip codes’ in organisms as discovered in the Nobel prize winning work of Blobel (2009). It appears all signalling in bio-ICT relies on peptide identifiers from transcription factors to neuron-neuron links.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Two other
<span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">
distinctive </span>Gödelian<span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white"> features found in genomic intelligence, using epithets from Hofstadter (1999) are self-reference (<b>Self-Ref</b>) or the online machine execution
involving the Diagonal operator and offline virtual self-representation (<b>Self-Rep</b>) of the former.
</span>The breakthrough on the significance of these staples of <b>RFT</b> found in textbooks such as Rogers (1967) and Cutland (1980), starts with the insight from Gershenfeld (</span><a name="bbib48"></a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib48__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqGSrl56A$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib48"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">2012</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib48"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib48"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">, </span><a name="bbib49"></a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib49__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqpGCiPPQ$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib49"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">2017</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib49"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib49"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E"> Chapter
3 p. 109</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif;color:#2E2E2E">)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> as to what the self-referential/Diagonal operator means for biology, where a program
<i>g </i>builds<i> </i>machine </span><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol">f
</span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt">to run <i>g </i>(typically denoted as </span>
<i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol">f</span></i><i><sub><span style="font-size:11.0pt">g</span></sub></i><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt">(g)</span></i><span style="font-size:11.0pt">). Gershenfeld (</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib48__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqGSrl56A$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">2012</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">)
says what 21 century digital fabrication is trying to achieve is something biology solved 3.7 billion years ago with the self-assembly programs associated with the ribosome and other transcriptase machinery involved in gene expression for the morphology, somatic
identity and regulatory control of the organism. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Despite the central role assigned to self-reference for the sentient self in advanced organisms (</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/scholar.google.se/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=sv&user=ZW8RWdAAAAAJ&citation_for_view=ZW8RWdAAAAAJ:Y0pCki6q_DkC__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqclXIy_8$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Gardenfors
2003</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">, </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqKaUbmro$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Northoff
et. al, 2006</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> , </span><a name="bbib94"></a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib94__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqkgZx_Ng$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib94"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Newen
(2018)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib94"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib94"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> ,
</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.10.002__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqM9CMK80$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Miller et.al., 2018</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
, etc) only </span><a name="bbib114"></a><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib114__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqPf630Ss$"><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib114"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Tsuda
(2014)</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib114"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:bbib114"></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">and Markose (2017, 2021,2022) have noted how the evolutionary development
of <b>Self-Rep</b> mirror structures as in <span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">
the</span> Gödel Meta-Representation Theorem (Rogers,1967) is necessary for biotic elements to make statements about themselves, first having self-assembled themselves. This
<i>offline</i> embodied <b>Self-Rep</b>, which contrasts with no such structures in prokaryotes, was a paradigm shift
<span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">
in the Adaptive Immune System (AIS) some 500 million years ago in the lineage of jawed fish, called the Big Bang of Immunology, Janeway et. al (2005). This latterly appears as Mirror Neuron System (MNS) mostly in primate brains first discovered by the Parma
Group of neuroscientists. </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The
<b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">AIS</span></b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white"> demonstrates virtual offline mirrored self-representation (<b>Self-Rep</b>)
in the MHC1 T cell receptors of ~85 % of expressed genes viz. <i>halted </i>machine executions of genomic self-assembly codes that determine the somatic and phenotype identity for the organism. As will be seen, these Self-Repped gene codes in the Thymus,
called the <i>Thymic Self </i> (</span></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.540676/full__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqRtkoQzk$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">Ramon
and Faure, 2021</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">) or ‘the science of self’ (</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00281-020-00831-y__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq71KRW4U$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">Greenen,
2021</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">) are primarily used to identify the hostile other, viz. negation function operators of non-self antigens. In turn, the Mirror Neuron System
(<b>MNS</b>) reuses codes of self-actions from the sensory-motor cortex for social cognition and inference regarding conspecifics via virtual simulations in the
<b>MNS</b> (</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib35__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqek3WNP4$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Fadiga
et al. (1995)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">; </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib46__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqHLWVVsM$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Gallese
et al. (1996)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2E2E2E">; </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264722001022*bib102__;Iw!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqmxeFzqA$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#0C7DBB">Rizzolatti
et al. (1996)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">). </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> It is conjectured that an identical
<b>RFT</b> machinery is involved in the self-other nexus in both the <b>AIS</b> and
<b>MNS</b>. The graphics for <b>Self-Rep</b> Mirror Mapping in the <b>AIS</b> and
<b>MNS</b> is given in </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/405__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq8Rs91D0$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Figure 1 in Markose
(2021)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;background:lime;mso-highlight:lime"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="3" type="1">
<li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3">
<b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">Detection of Non-Self Antigen in AIS: New Diversity-Selector Model and Gödel Sentence in Genomic Blockchain Distributed Ledger (BCDL)
</span></b><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">The most significant of all breakthroughs here is the one made by the game theorist Binmore (1987) who
raised the ‘spectre of Gödel (1931)’ in the form of Gödel’s Liar who will negate or falsify what can be computed/predicted. Binmore effectively mooted the adversarial digital game which is co-extensive with life itself (Markose, 2017, 2021). This constitutes
the <i>fourth</i> condition of Gödel systems and involves an adversarial agent in the form of a virus or a hacker whose actions cannot be constrained in anyway.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> The Gödel Incompleteness result that generates the Gödel Sentence permits a code qua biotic element to self-report “I’m under attack”, when it has been hacked/negated by a novel malware.
This marks an endogenous exit from listable sets, a necessary condition for novelty and the production of novel antibodies, to avoid the irrational state of logical inconsistency of formal systems (</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1b7x7ww__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqtrLoY_E$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Smullyan,1961</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">).
The genomic Gödel Sentence in terms of 21 century nomenclature is a <i>hash</i> that helps demonstrate endogenously that the outputs of expressed genes have been maliciously altered. Note,
</span>that halting self-assembly gene codes, <i>g</i> <span style="font-family:Symbol">
Î </span><b>G </b>that create the organism are theorems of the genomic system <span style="font-size:11.0pt">
theorems and is disjoint from known non-theorems or what the immunologist Burnett (1958) famously called ‘forbidden codes’ if allowed to run will ‘negate’ the theorems and cause harm.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Indeed, how the
<b>AIS</b> identifies novel software attacks on own gene codes, <i>g</i> , by malware/parasite negating functions
<i>f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬ !</sup> , which belongs to an uncountable infinite set that cannot be mechanically listed, is stupendous case of uber bio-cybersecurity.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> <span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">The AIS implements ‘out of the box’ astronomic anticipative search for novel non-self antigens necessary
for </span>novel anti-body production and cognition <span style="color:black;background:white">
in humans manifests unbounded proteanism for novel extended phenotypes, Dawkins (1987), in the form of artifacts outside of ourselves</span>.
<span style="color:black;background:white">This facility found only in the <b>AIS</b> relying on the Recombination Activator genes (<b>RAG</b> 1 and 2) and in the human brain for neural receptor diversity runs into orders of magnitude of 10<sup>20</sup> – 10<sup>30</sup> that
exceed the pre-scripted germline genome size many times over. </span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#555555;background:white"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> The Rogers (1967) fixed point indexes for yet to happen
<i>f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬ !</sup> attacks by the non-self antigens are generated in the
<b>AIS</b> in most ingenious fashion: a large number of codes/indexes purported to be of different
<a name="_Hlk117013984"><i>f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬ !</sup> </a>on each <b>self-repped</b>
<i> g </i>are generated in the T-Cell Receptors. This is the most spectacular case of predictive coding. Suppose that the g.n for the specific tuple {<i> f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬
</sup>, <i>g<sub>n</sub></i> } denoted by <i>g<sup>¬</sup></i>. When the attack by
<i>f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬ !</sup> takes place in real time in the periphery involving the said pair {<i> f<sub>p</sub></i><sup>¬
</sup>, <i>g<sub>n</sub></i> }, the experientially driven peripheral MHC1 receptor must record this and if this ‘syncs’ with the one that was speculatively generated in the thymic MHC1 receptors, two parts of the fixed point come together to construct a genomic
Gödel Sentence. <i> </i></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> This molecular genomic diversity-selector model follows a unique self-referential blockchain distributed ledger that is different, in terms of the self-referential design, from man-made
<b>BCDLs</b> first invented circa 2009. <span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">
The genomic </span><b>BCDL </b><span style="color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">manifests secure digital and decentralized record keeping where no internal or external bio-malware can compromise the immutability of the life’s building blocks
and no novel blocks can be added that is not consistent with extant blocks. </span>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm"> There are no doubt
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;background:white">macroscopic environmental and population level pressures of the Neo-Darwinian style natural selection arising from conspecific or multi-species competition for survival in terms of those which
reproduce more and those which die out. There is growing evidence that at level of bio-digital smart controls of the eukaryote genome and homeostasis, selective pressures are based on the principles of a unique self-referential
</span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm">BCDL</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;background:white">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:black;background:white"> In conclusion, genomic intelligence in vertebrates that has reached its apogee in humans is highly empathic as the conspecific/other is the projection
of self; greatly Machiavellian having co-evolved with adversarial viral agents; geared toward unbounded proteanism from the get-go starting with transposon based diversity of
<b>RAG</b> genes in the immune system and stringently self-regulated by a <b>BCD</b>L driven by the principle of autonomy of the life of the organism and an agenda to be hack-free.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Points for discussion and areas where I would like collaborators and those I can learn from as in my day job I’m an economist
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">#1</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> I fully concur with the latter part of
</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.10.002__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqM9CMK80$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Miller/Torday (2018)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
statement : </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin:0cm;background:white"><span style="color:#2E2E2E">“As self-referential cognition is demonstrated by all living organisms, life can be equated with the sustenance of cellular </span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/homeostasis__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq8F9h1Jc$" title="Learn more about homeostasis from ScienceDirect's
AI-generated Topic Pages"><span style="color:#2E2E2E">homeostasis</span></a></span><span style="color:#2E2E2E"> in
the continuous defence of 'self'.” </span><span style="color:black">However, Miller/Torday do not use any of the code based
<b>RFT</b> Gödel style <b>Self-Ref</b> mirror structures for genomic information processing.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> No doubt prokaryote CRISPR based identification of non-self antigens is highly sophisticated and so are the innate immune system strategies which primarily entail analog defences of setting
up barriers, toxicity, raising temperature by inflammation and ingestion by phagocytes. Prokaryotes distinctively do not have the mirror
<b>Self-Rep </b>offline structures of self as in the Rogers (1967) <b>RFT</b> fixed point theorems which permit bio-molecules to self-report changes to their own codes. My take on homeostasis in eukaryotes post jawed fish is that bio software data security
and hence the autonomy of self was taken to the next level: the design of how codes can self-report they have been changed by bio malware by utilizing hashes like the Gödel Sentence.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> It will be interesting to compare the bacteria-phage arms race in prokaryotes with the one in the
<b>AIS</b> antibody production outlined above. I have reached out to John Mattick and Silvia Sanchez Ramon on these issues.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">#2.</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> In Markose (2021) I indicate that the generation of genomic Gödel Sentences for detection of novel the non-self antigen is necessary for novel antibody
production is a testable hypothesis. Those who died of Covid 19 were found not to be capable of antibody production and instead were subjected by a cytokine storm brought about by the analog defences of toxicity and inflammation of the innate immune system.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"># 3</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> A common
<b>Self-Rep</b> mirror <b>RFT</b> machinery for self-other recognition in the <b>
AIS </b>and social cognition following from the Mirror Neuron Systems in primates has been conjectured. Similar conjectures have been made at least since Irun Cohen, but without any
<b>RFT</b> to guide the discussions. </span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/23/4/405__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSq8Rs91D0$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Figure
1 in Markose (2021)</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> shows how a knock-out of the circuitry for self’s updates on non-self activity vis-ŕ-vis self (the RHS entry in the
<i>offline</i> <b>Self-Rep</b> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol">s</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">(g,g) operator ) known to be controlled by interferon gamma as in
</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.nature.com/articles/nature18626__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqF1KRYvk$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Jonathan Kipnis Group 2016</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
experiment on rats, could lead to loss of immune capabilities as well as their sociability. Note, the Markose
<b>RFT</b> machinery for the self-other nexus is a different explanation to the evo-devo one given by Kipnis
</span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https*3a*2f*2fet.al&c=E,1,tmw6MDpD7Er4A3RC6pjJ1mvC7LVSfc3aXL1pWlRQBeypawjbUpG5K7HnS15kiCvXMSpdByE7Ou7ksTbO3B439ugCUqWWLR5lKMaAb-B9LlBbtQAEwusNYjo1eg,,&typo=1&ancr_add=1__;JSUl!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SWJMN4Z_Gmk-3Bs3tFu6dikq9305WthDze7oLYzi1BGuUs1hKP7Se-tmu1l0CTF2iod_WcZWKzmUsbmEfqw$"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">et.al</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">#4</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> Finally, it is a matter of incredulity that over 90 years have passed since Gödel (1931) for evidence to be found that the staples of
<b>Self-Ref</b> and <b>Self-Rep</b> and the Gödel Sentence are ubiquitous in Biology. A number of factors can be adduced. Even those who espouse that code-based operations are relevant in cognition such as in the Computational Theory of Mind never mention
<b>Self-Ref</b> and <b>Self-Rep</b>, let alone that the Gödel Sentence is like a <i>
hash </i>which permits a software document to endogenously self-report it has been hacked. There is a strong anti-machine view which overlooks the encoded basis of the genome and biology and claims that biology is a non-digital natural process that is creative
in some vitalistic way. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">References
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">#Blog on University of Essex Website:
<i>How we became smart – a journey of discovery through the world of game theory and genomic intelligence</i>
</span></b><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.essex.ac.uk/blog/posts/2021/10/26/how-we-became-smart__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqVgSsoLo$"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">https://www.essex.ac.uk/blog/posts/2021/10/26/how-we-became-smart</span></b></a><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif"><br>
#</span></b><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman ,serif",serif">Markose, S.M, 2022,
</span>Complexification of eukaryote phenotype: Adaptive immuno-cognitive systems as unique Gödelian blockchain distributed ledger, Biosystems, ISSN: 0303-2647, Vol: 220,
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104718__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqPn2Rp5k$" target="_blank" title="Persistent link using digital object
identifier">
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104718</a><span class="MsoHyperlink"> </span>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><br>
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color:#0C7DBB">#</span></span></u>Markose, S.M, 2021, <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/doi.org/10.3390/e23040405__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqV3O-kDY$"><span style="background:white">“Genomic
Intelligence as Über Bio-Cybersecurity: The Gödel Sentence in Immuno-Cognitive Systems”</span></a>, <em><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm;background:white">Entropy. </span></em>23(4), 405; ttps://<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://linkprotect.cudasvc.com/url?a=https*3a*2f*2f*2f*2fdoi.org*2f10.3390*2fe23040405**C&c=E,1,pRDRULAxuCTSnMSA5N6OgMTq_URourMY_bLMwUEcG7YXzCmbKO4da01_rJD9fjCOKLFlFWLQvgmFj5sPF7lnfWG--6vcU3v10tHwpKrz6iJwZVoDJQ,,&typo=1&ancr_add=1__;JSUlJSUlJcKgwqA!!D9dNQwwGXtA!SWJMN4Z_Gmk-3Bs3tFu6dikq9305WthDze7oLYzi1BGuUs1hKP7Se-tmu1l0CTF2iod_WcZWKzmU7YKFkms$">//doi.org/10.3390/e23040405 </a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black;background:white"><br>
<span class="info">Markose, S.M, 2017, Complex type 4 structure changing dynamics of digital agents: Nash equilibria or a game with arms race in innovations. </span></span><span class="info"><i>Journal of Dynamics & Games</i><span style="color:black;background:white">,
2017, 4 (3) : 255-284. doi: </span></span><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__http:/dx.doi.org/10.3934/jdg.2017015__;!!D9dNQwwGXtA!RRmmHQCs_Cav9UXiPz27dODNI-Kke3ky-PhpVLOvgOETwB-s3hTK7egkhJHf5AFKr0UuxLxzixSqC_UOvRc$">10.3934/jdg.2017015</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">-------------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Professor Sheri Markose</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Economics Department</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">University of Essex</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">UK
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></pre>
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