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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Joseph,</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">You've wrtten: "such as information
      processes, has both an ontic and an epistemic component"</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    If we introduce a distinction between ontic and epistemic then we
    are assuming a dualistic view in advance, which, for example, I am
    not in favor of.
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Best regards</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Mariusz<br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">W dniu 2022-04-24 o 09:53,
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a> pisze:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:2074311934.2580.1650786817201@bluewin.ch">
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      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">Dear Friends</span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">My tentative conclusion
          regarding the consensus
          referred to in recent notes is that if it exists, it  is doing
          more harm than good. I therefore
          propose “bracketing” it, following the suggestion of Husserl
          for human
          experience, but with a different 
          objective. I would replace the current consensus by a
          recognition that
          any reasonable description of complex phenomena, such as
          information processes,
          has both an ontic and an epistemic component. These components
          are not static
          but change and evolve. The epistemic component is usually
          recognized and accepted.
          That it is accompanied dynamically by a physical, energetic
          change. The
          extrapolation of physical properties to cognitive is obviously
          considered in
          neurology but not adequately in philosophy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">A counter-theory to the
          above might be that the suggested
          ontic-epistemic “partnership” is irrelevant to information.
          All you need is semiotics
          and communication theory. I would be curious to know where the
          group comes out
          on this point.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Karl, 14/04) The
          hypothesis of common-different,
          attraction-repulsion is a really good one and should be
          followed-up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Pedro, 18/, 04) In any
          case, co-ligation of disciplines
          is a tough matter, not very well solved/articulated as yet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Mariusz, 19/04) Energy is
          not a metaphor but a
          physical value.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Karl, 21/04) The main
          point is that art is
          interpersonally communicable, and by this criterion can be
          shown to be part of
          objective reality.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Joseph, 21/04) Working
          backwards, intersubjective intentionality, to the extent that
          it is expressed
          in human beings has a real existence and must be considered
          cognitively
          objective as well as subjective accordingly.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">(Loet, 22/0)4 </span><span
          style="font-size: medium;"><font face="times new roman, serif">The
            human carriers live in the tension between potential and
            actual.</font></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">These are all logical
          statements in Logic Reality. Together, they add up to a
          "bracketing" of an unwarranted objective-subjective dichotomy,
          which talks directly to Loet's next to last sentence (<i>q.v.</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">Thank you and best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif">Joseph<o:p></o:p></span></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
          style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
          "Times New Roman",serif"> </span></p>
      <blockquote style="margin-right: 0px; margin-left:15px;">----Message
        d'origine----<br>
        De : <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a><br>
        Date : 22/04/2022 - 08:05 (CEST)<br>
        À : <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:r.karl.javorszky@gmail.com">r.karl.javorszky@gmail.com</a>,
        <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br>
        Objet : Re: [Fis] Book Presentation. The Interpersonal domain<br>
        <br>
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        <div> Dear Joe and colleagues: 
        </div>
        <div> <br>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430">
          <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
            <div>
              <div> <font size="3">I am not sure where the error lies
                  here, but Loet seems to have taken a quite limited
                  view of the reality of the interpersonal domain. It
                  does not exist like a table, but there are other
                  options which give it objective properties other than
                  as a pure "construct". </font> </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <font size="3">I reacted primarily to an assumed consensus. </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3">I did not say that
            these constructs are "pure constructs": the networks can be
            considered as observable retention. However, our sense and
            communication of beauty and our thoughts are not are not
            objective. I don't consider this as a "limited view of the
            reality of the interpersonal domain". On the contrary, the
            interpersonal domain is much richer than its objectively
            observable instantiations. </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
          <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
            <div>
              <div> <font size="3">The chief one of these for me are
                  the potentialities in a process view of nature. The
                  inclusion of potentiality in the description of the
                  evolution of natural processes enables a clear
                  connection to the potential properties of information
                  - those that are absent, exactly in Terry Deacon's
                  term.</font> </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <font size="3">Yes, the absent options can be measured as
            redundancy. I asked you before whether you would agree.
            There is a finite number of alternatives in the imagination.
            You call this potentiality if I correctly understand. </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
          <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
            <div>
              <div> <font size="3">Working backwards, intersubjective
                  intentionality, to the extent that it is expressed in
                  human beings has a real existence and must be
                  considered cognitively objective as well as subjective
                  accordingly. </font> </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <font size="3">I don't agree with this inference; it entails a
            positivistic turn. The word combination "cognitively
            objective" may be the problem. Res cogitans is different
            from res extensa. Therefore, we can test hypotheses in terms
            of observed versus expected. Without such a design, the
            knowledge generated remains subjective.</font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3">"expressed in human
            beings" reduces the communication to behavior in an
            objectivistic reality. The issue is "what is expressed," and
            "what is evolving"? (Boulding). The human carriers live in
            the tension between potential and actual. "Living" is
            biological and not specifically human.</font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3">Best, Loet</font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3">PS. Stan: it seems
            to me that we more or less agree.  L. </font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
          <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
            <div>
              <div> <span style="font-size: medium;">As some of you
                  know, I have referred frequently to the reality of
                  potentiality in gravitation, chemical reactions
                  (oxidation/reduction potential), and cognition. The
                  role of such aspects of reality seems to me to have
                  been ignored or trivialized, but I think that many of
                  our recurrent problems might benefit from their
                  inclusion in the debate.</span> </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
          <font size="3">We need to address redundancy generated by the
            looping of information when provided with meaning.
            Otherwise, these ignored aspects remain subject of
            philosophical (pre-paradigmatic) speculation.</font>
        </div>
        <div id="x4979f585e1eb430"> <font size="3"><br>
          </font>
          <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
            <div> <span style="font-size: 8.0pt;">Best regards,</span>
            </div>
            <div> <font size="3">Joseph<br>
              </font>
              <blockquote style="margin-right: 0.0px;margin-left:
                15.0px;"> ----Message d'origine---- <br>
                De : <a style="cursor:pointer;
                  text-decoration:underline; color:blue"
                  onclick="javascript:handleMailto('mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net');"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">loet@leydesdorff.net</a> <br>
                Date : 21/04/2022 - 12:30 (CEST) <br>
                À : <a style="cursor:pointer;
                  text-decoration:underline; color:blue"
                  onclick="javascript:handleMailto('mailto:karl.javorszky@gmail.com');"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">karl.javorszky@gmail.com</a>, <a
                  style="cursor:pointer; text-decoration:underline;
                  color:blue"
                  onclick="javascript:handleMailto('mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es');"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a> <br>
                Objet : Re: [Fis] Book Presentation. Emotions <br>
                <br>
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                <div> Dear Karl and colleagues, </div>
                <div> <br>
                </div>
                <div> Before you conclude to consensus, perhaps, a bit
                  of error should be removed:  </div>
                <div> <br>
                </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b">
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;">Pedro’s story about
                        the empathic, nonverbal communication happening
                        between humans, who share each other’s emotional
                        state, drives a point home that is clearly
                        observable in a fashion where one can relate his
                        experiences and be sure that others will
                        understand him. The main point is that <b>art
                          is interpersonally communicable, </b>and by
                        this criterium can be shown to be a part of
                        objective reality.</p>
                    </div>
                  </blockquote>
                  <font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span
                      style="font-size: 16.0px;">I don't think so: It is
                      not "objective reality" but "intersubjective
                      intentionality." This has huge consequences.</span></font>
                </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b"> <font face="Times New
                    Roman, serif"><span style="font-size: 16.0px;"><br>
                    </span></font>
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;">(We refer to the
                        agreement that if a concept is referable to
                        interpersonally and the participants agree on
                        what they have experienced in a common fashion,
                        that concept has an inter-individual existence,
                        which is then by definition a part of the
                        objective reality.)<span></span></p>
                    </div>
                  </blockquote>
                  <font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span
                      style="font-size: 16.0px;">The interpersonal
                      domain does not "exist" in the sense that a table
                      may exist. It remains a construct. These
                      constructs have the status of hypotheses.  They
                      can be tested against observations of things which
                      may exist. </span></font> </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b"> <font face="Times New
                    Roman, serif"><span style="font-size: 16.0px;"><br>
                    </span></font> </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b"> <font face="Times New
                    Roman, serif"><span style="font-size: 16.0px;">Best,
                      Loet</span></font> </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b"> <font face="Times New
                    Roman, serif"><span style="font-size: 16.0px;"><br>
                    </span></font> </div>
                <div id="x9b80c305895f42b">
                  <div> <br>
                  </div>
                  <div id="signature_old">
                    <div id="x9f6584108cc74d6">
                      <div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8">
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font
                              style="font-size: 9.0pt;" face="Times New
                              Roman">_______________</font></b></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font
                              style="font-size: 9.0pt;" face="Times New
                              Roman">Loet Leydesdorff</font></b></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font
                              style="font-size: 9.0pt;" face="Times New
                              Roman"><br>
                            </font></b></p>
                        <div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8">
                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                            xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"
                            style="line-height: normal;"><b><font
                                style="font-size: 9.0pt;" face="Times
                                New Roman"><a
                                  href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-59951-5"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true">"The
                                  Evolutionary Dynamics of Discusive
                                  Knowledge"</a>(Open Access)</font></b></p>
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font
                            style="font-size: 8.0pt;" face="Times New
                            Roman">Professor emeritus, University of
                            Amsterdam </font></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font
                            style="font-size: 8.0pt;" face="Times New
                            Roman"> Amsterdam School of Communication
                            Research (ASCoR) <o:p
                              xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font
                            style="font-size: 8.0pt;" face="Times New
                            Roman"><a style="text-decoration:
                              underline;color: blue;"
                              title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">loet@leydesdorff.net
                            </a>; <a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"
                              title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</a>
                            <o:p
                              xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:
                          normal;"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><a
                            href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en"
                            moz-do-not-send="true"><font
                              style="font-size: 8.0pt;" face="Times New
                              Roman">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</font></a></p>
                      </div>
                      <div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8">
                        <p class="MsoNormal"
                          xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"
                          style="line-height: normal;"><font
                            style="font-size: 8.0pt;"><font
                              style="font-size: 8.0pt;" face="Times New
                              Roman">ORCID: <a
                                href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098"
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098</a>; 
                                </font><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">
                              <o:p
                                xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></font></p>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <br>
                  <blockquote type="cite" class="cite2">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><br>
                      </p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><b>Examples </b>abound,
                        where signs and symbols are understood
                        interpersonally in a common fashion. Human
                        new-borns share the instinctive ability to
                        recognise the optical picture of a smiley (<span
                          style="font-family: "Segoe UI Emoji"
                          , sans-serif;">😊</span>), and of the pitch of
                        the human voice (they prefer alto to soprano to
                        baritone to bass). We use the term ‘<i>supra-normal
                          stimuli</i>’ to refer to such constellations
                        of stimuli that appear to be hard-wired into our
                        genetic instinctive predispositions. Animals are
                        evidently in possession of large inventories of
                        potential supra-normal stimuli (‘triggering
                        inputs’). <span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;">The <b>hypothesis </b>is
                        that there exist structures (constellations of
                        facts) in Nature which evolution has made use of
                        to select those individuals which recognise such
                        to their advantage. These structures are a)
                        communicable inter-individually, b) describable
                        by means of a language that is independent of
                        its speaker: that is, such impression patterns
                        are objectively existing. Art is a different
                        name for supra-normal stimuli.<span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><b>Where does art
                          begin</b> and how does art differ to a random
                        collection of facts? For formal reasons, one
                        should include sunshine among the constituents
                        of art, as evidenced by the heliotaxia of
                        sunflowers. It is evident, that supra-normal
                        stimuli, that is: art, can come in a wide
                        variety of articulations, be it the mating dance
                        of cranes, the melody of frogs’ chants, the form
                        of nests built by weaver birds or the color
                        patterns of octopus. (If memory serves right,
                        some 50 years ago, girls had a tendency of
                        emitting a fragrance that caused the writer of
                        these lines to want to be near them.)<span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><b>Art is a variation
                          on a theme </b>by Nature, where there exists
                        an underlying theme (the idealised target value)
                        to which the actual performance comes near,
                        nearer or smack in the ideal centre. We suppose
                        that there exists an ideal form for performing
                        the artwork (the ultimate Song of A Lonely Frog,
                        an optimal Hole in A Tree to Invite Females to
                        Lay Eggs In, etc), and that those individuals
                        which come nearest to the ideal variant have the
                        best chances of progeniture.<span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;">Here again, <b>Discrepancies
                          Between Ideal and Observed Values</b> show us
                        Art to be nothing different to other forms of
                        Information. Information is the extent of being
                        otherwise, and Art is in its essence nothing but
                        a demonstration of an Observed Value, to which
                        we look (imagine, project, hallucinate) into the
                        background the Expected Value. <span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;">The only <b>epistemological
                          difficulty </b>comes from our traditional
                        cultural convention, namely that Nature – and as
                        such, the Background to everything and all – is
                        <b>not pre-structured.</b> During Renaissance,
                        in the age of emerging Rationality, the decision
                        has been taken to define that there exist no <b>a-priori
                          existing structural relations </b>among the
                        concepts that we use to build up our world view.
                        This decision was practical and helpful at that
                        time, because by this cleaning of the slate we
                        have eliminated all superstition, anthropogenic
                        explanations, religious teleological systems of
                        beliefs, witchcraft and sorcery at the same
                        time. Yet, it appears we have cleaned the table
                        too much. Leptons, quarks, charms, chemical
                        attraction, gravitation, etc., and also the
                        existence of artwork in the living subsection of
                        Nature show that there indeed do exist relations
                        among logical tokens, even if we create such
                        logical tokens as nondescript as we can, in the
                        form of natural numbers. Even if we dream up a
                        world view that is made up of synthetic, unform,
                        nondescript units, even in that environment,
                        a-priori existing relations pop up, as soon as
                        we do anything with them which a child would do
                        when bored, like ordering, sorting ad resorting
                        these same tokens. We cannot avoid acknowledging
                        the existence of a-priori relations connecting
                        in manifold ways the tokens we make up our world
                        of. <i>(Et expellas furcam, natura recurrit.)<span></span></i></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><i><span> </span></i></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><b>Summary: </b>Art
                        is shown to be one of readings of the idea that
                        there are at least two readings of the same
                        collection of symbols that make up our world
                        view. In regulation theory, one speaks of sets
                        of target values vs sets of actual values. In
                        art, the set of target values is created by our
                        neurology and serves as the background, to which
                        we relate the set of actual, observed values. <span></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm 0.0cm
                        8.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times
                        New Roman" , serif;"><span> </span></p>
                    </div>
                    <br>
                    <div class="gmail_quote">
                      <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"> Am Mi., 20.
                        Apr. 2022 um 17:09 Uhr schrieb Francesco Rizzo
                        < <a style="text-decoration:
                          underline;color: blue;" moz-do-not-send="true">13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com</a>>:
                        <br>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:
                        0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.8ex;border-left: 1.0px solid
                        rgb(204,204,204);padding-left: 1.0ex;">
                        <div dir="ltr">
                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427m_-894582114354655215m_1957764947159077325m_5502420876881491567gmail-tw-target-text" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;font-size: 28.0px;line-height: 36.0px;background-color: rgb(248,249,250);border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(32,33,36);"><pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228gmail-m_-9118126340312737631m_-8529306993061510149gmail-tw-target-text" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;line-height: 36.0px;border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;"><span lang="en">Dear Mauriusz,
</span></pre><pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228gmail-m_-9118126340312737631m_-8529306993061510149gmail-tw-target-text" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;line-height: 36.0px;border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;"><span lang="en">I take the liberty of telling you that in Rizzo F., An economy of hope for the multi-ethnic </span>city,Franco Angeli, <span style="font-family: inherit;">Milan 2007, pp. 309-313, we find paragraph 7.1 cultural heritage between energy and</span></pre><pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198gmail-m_-4932884329837251114m_-9118126340312737631m_-8529306993061510149gmail-tw-target-text" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;line-height: 36.0px;border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;">cultural heritage between energy and information. If you have the opportunity, read it and you will see how consonances there are between Yours and my thoughts.</pre><pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198gmail-m_-4932884329837251114m_-9118126340312737631m_-8529306993061510149gmail-tw-target-text" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;line-height: 36.0px;border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;"> many </pre><pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867gmail-m_-8529306993061510149gmail-tw-target-text" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;line-height: 36.0px;border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;">see how many consonances there are between Yours and my thoughts.</pre><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="margin-left: 96.0px;margin-top: 8.0px;width: 284.0px;height: 220.0px;"><img style="margin-right: 0.0px;" moz-do-not-send="true"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><h2 style="margin: 12.0pt 0.0cm 11.0pt;text-align: center;break-after: avoid;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-weight: normal;"> </span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"> </p><h2 style="margin: 0.0cm;text-align: center;break-after: avoid;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-weight: normal;"> </span></h2><h2 style="margin: 0.0cm;text-align: center;break-after: avoid;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-weight: normal;">Fig. 7.1</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"> </p><p style="text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 9.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">In base alla <span><img moz-do-not-send="true" width="31" height="19"></span>=<span><img moz-do-not-send="true" width="16" height="17"></span>=<span><img moz-do-not-send="true" width="39" height="21"></span> qualsiasi cosa oscilli con frequenza </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;font-family: Symbol;">n</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">, può presentarsi <i>solo</i> in unità discrete di massa <span><img moz-do-not-send="true" width="33" height="41"></span>. Nel mondo della natura <i>particelle</i> e <i>oscillazioni di campo</i> non sono cose diverse [4; 12]<i>.</i> Nel campo dell’economia i valori si valutano secondo le loro differenze e variazioni, oscillazioni impropriamente ritenute «volatilità».</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">Le trasformazioni della materia possono manifestare l’energia immagazzinata al suo interno (<i>relatività ristretta</i>). La struttura dello spazio è influenzata dalla massa o dall’energia degli oggetti qualunque sia la posizione in cui si collocano. Più massa e/o energia si concentrano in un punto, più lo spazio e il tempo si curvano intorno ad esso (<i>relatività generale</i>). Albert Einstein intuisce con geniale fantasia (qualcuno sostiene che egli abbia utilizzato abbondantemente il pensiero di Henri Poincarè) che tutta la «massa-energia» in un’area sia in relazione funzionale con lo «spazio-tempo» vicino o, con uno schematismo simbolico, che energia-massa = spazio-tempo. La <i>E</i> e la <i>m</i> di <i>E </i>= <i>mּc</i><sup>2</sup> divengono due elementi che stanno su un unico lato di questa nuova e più profonda equazione. Tale generalizzazione, con la stessa mediazione o finzione simbolica, può estendersi con qualche cautela e superando il tarlo dell’incredulità irriducibile, alla formula di capitalizzazione <i>V </i>= <i>R<sub>n</sub>ּ</i>1<i>/r</i> legata da un’appassionante associazione isomorfica con l’equazione della relatività ristretta. Anzi, l’isomorfismo fisico-economico delle due formule viene convalidato e reso più convincente proprio da questa interpretazione estensiva che dà ampiezza ed applicazione superiore alla generalizzazione, assegnando allo spazio-tempo una funzione di cerniera epistemica tra le due accoppiate: valore-energia (monetaria) dell’economia e materia-energia (fisica) della natura. Si può scrivere quindi: <i>R<sub>n</sub></i> = <i>Vּr </i>= energia-massa = spazio-tempo = <i>mּc</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>E</i> oppure 1/<i>r </i>= <i>V</i>/<i>R<sub>n</sub></i> = spazio-tempo = energia-massa = <i>m</i>/<i>E</i> = 1/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">La trasformazione di un <i>flusso</i> di redditi in un <i>fondo</i> di valore, operata dal co-efficiente di capitalizzazione 1/<i>r</i>, manifesta la dualità dinamica dell’essere valore e dell’essere reddito di un bene capitale o dell’essere spazio (integrazione) e dell’essere punto (derivazione) che si rivela sorprendentemente analoga alla relazione tra l’essere materia e l’essere energia della stessa realtà fisica secondo l’equazione della relatività ristretta. La somiglianza delle due form(-ul)e matematiche appare incredibilmente forte alla <i>luce</i> della musicale e misteriosa uni-dualità spazio-tempo che è fondamentale sia per la capitalizzazione o solidificazione dei redditi (economici) che dell’energia (naturale). Come la natura corpuscolare e la natura ondulatoria sono due forme (diverse), una implicante l’altra in un approccio uni-duale alla stessa realtà fisica, l’essere flusso di redditi e l’essere fondo di capitale sono due forme (diverse) costituenti un’interpretazione uni-duale della stessa realtà economica che può rap-presentarsi <i>solo</i> in unità discrete di valore <i>R<sub>n</sub>ּ</i>1/<i>r</i>. E dato che l’energia è in-formazione della natura e l’in-formazione è energia della cultura il triangolo della figura 7.1 può essere ri-scritto secondo la figura 7.2.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="margin-left: 100.0px;margin-top: 10.0px;width: 284.0px;height: 220.0px;"><img moz-do-not-send="true" width="284" height="220"></span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;margin: 12.0pt 0.0cm 3.0pt;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;font-style: italic;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-style: normal;">Fig. 7.2</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">La meta-dualità essere-energia ed essere-in-formazione rap-presenta e com-pone in maniera trans-disciplinare le dualità: essere-segno ed essere-merce o essere-flusso (di redditi) ed essere-fondo (di valore) dei beni (culturali) che sono beni-moneta privilegiati; essere-energia ed essere-materia od essere-particella ed essere-oscillazione di campo delle «cose» (naturali). Beninteso, affinché non si prendano abbagli gli accostamenti analogici tra le leggi della natura e le leggi dell’economia debbono evitare ogni tentazione di identicità, sfuggire a qualunque identificazione concettuale e non farsi ingannare da alcuna automatica trasposizione. Credere nell’armonia meravigliosa che governa il mondo (naturale e sociale) non significa s-cadere nella con-fusione o nel con-formismo naturale e culturale, esistenziale e conoscitivo.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 18.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">3. L’ateniese Takis intende l’opera d’arte come simbolo di energia. Stephen Hawking rivedendo la sua teoria sostiene che i buchi neri non si limitano a perdere massa attraverso una radiazione di energia, ma evaporano o rilasciano informazione. Essi non distruggono mai completamente quello che fagocitano. Con-tengono un’informazione, non casuale e indefinibile, sulla materia di cui sono fatti che con-sente di predirne il futuro. In una relazione del 1998 [7], ripresa nel 2005 [8], Hawking studia la possibilità di collegare i campi gravitazionali (che sembravano eliminare ogni in-formazione) all’entropia e alla predicibilità del futuro che la seconda legge della termodinamica permette. In tal modo i buchi neri non evaporano o irradiano un’energia invisibile o enigmatica priva di informazione come se fossero delle inafferrabili e indecifrabili entità cosmiche, e non s-fuggono alla (mia) super-legge della combinazione creativa (anche se talvolta stupefacente) di energia e in-formazione. I buchi neri possono considerarsi quindi come speciali scatole nere o magici processi di tras-informazione produttivi (i cui <i>input</i> e <i>output</i> sono materia, energia e informazione) e prospettici.</span></p><p style="text-indent: 14.0pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 9.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;">L’energia e l’in-formazione costituiscono le due sostanze primarie della vita e della scienza che implicano «affermazioni complementari» non identiche all’una o all’altra delle due «affermazioni alternative» che presuppongono scelte binarie del tipo 0 o 1. Ad ogni affermazione complementare corrisponde uno stato o «potenzialità coesistente» che in una certa misura contiene anche gli altri «stati coesistenti». Queste considerazioni di fisica quantistica, riconducibili al pensiero di Carl von Weizsäcker e stimolate da Werner Heisenberg, richiamano la logica fuzzy [9, pp. 214-7].</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin: 0.0cm;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p></pre>
                            <pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427m_-894582114354655215m_1957764947159077325m_5502420876881491567gmail-tw-target-text" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;font-size: 28.0px;line-height: 36.0px;background-color: rgb(248,249,250);border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(32,33,36);"><span lang="en"><p style="text-indent: 14.2pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">Caro Mariuz</p><p style="text-indent: 14.2pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">il nichilismo economico, sotteso dall’ideologia utilitaristica, esalta i prezzi e annulla i valori. La mia nuova concezione economica è basata sulla teoria del valore-informazione. Le opere d’arte non valgono perché sono utili, ma perché sono dotate dibellezza in senso generale. E la bellezza è regolata dalla legge delle leggi dell’informazione</p><p style="text-indent: 14.2pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">Ancora una volta Ti dico bravo, perché Ti intendi di economia dell’arte o di arte dell’economia.</p><p style="text-indent: 14.2pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">Un abbraccio</p><p style="text-indent: 14.2pt;margin: 0.0cm;text-align: justify;font-size: 12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman" , serif;">Francesco </p></span></pre>
                            <pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427m_-894582114354655215m_1957764947159077325m_5502420876881491567gmail-tw-target-text" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;font-size: 28.0px;line-height: 36.0px;background-color: rgb(248,249,250);border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(32,33,36);"><span lang="en">Dear  Mariusz,</span></pre>
                            <pre id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427m_-894582114354655215m_1957764947159077325m_5502420876881491567gmail-tw-target-text" dir="ltr" style="unicode-bidi: isolate;font-size: 28.0px;line-height: 36.0px;background-color: rgb(248,249,250);border: medium none;padding: 2.0px 0.14em 2.0px 0.0px;font-family: inherit;overflow: hidden;width: 270.0px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(32,33,36);"><span lang="en"> on the theory of information-value. Works of art are not worthwhile because they are useful, but because they are endowed with beauty in a general sense. And beauty is governed by the law of information laws.
Once again I tell you good, because you understand the economics of art or the art of economics.
A hug.
Francis</span></pre>
                          </div>
                          <br>
                          <div class="gmail_quote">
                            <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"> Il giorno
                              mar 19 apr 2022 alle ore 17:47 Mariusz
                              Stanowski < <a style="text-decoration:
                                underline;color: blue;"
                                moz-do-not-send="true">stanowskimariusz@wp.pl</a>>
                              ha scritto: <br>
                            </div>
                            <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
                              style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px
                              0.8ex;border-left: 1.0px solid
                              rgb(204,204,204);padding-left: 1.0ex;">
                              <div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> Dear Pedro and FIs Colleagues, <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> You raised an interesting and
                                  important issue of emotions in art.
                                  This made me think about how it is
                                  that art evokes/intensifies our
                                  emotions. <br>
                                  From my research it follows that art
                                  (the essence of art) in the most
                                  general/abstract sense is the
                                  compression of information (contained
                                  in a work of art) thanks to which our
                                  perception saves energy, becomes more
                                  economical (cost-effective), e.g. a
                                  shorter text is more
                                  economical/compressed than a longer
                                  one containing the same amount of
                                  information. Thanks to this saving of
                                  energy (effort) we feel satisfaction,
                                  pleasure. This pleasure is related to
                                  our development, because saving energy
                                  obviously contributes to our
                                  development, which is our greatest
                                  value. <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> These positive emotions related to
                                  our development can be considered
                                  abstract because they have no
                                  “direction”, they do not concern any
                                  concrete sphere of reality but the
                                  abstract development itself (increase
                                  in complexity). These absolutely
                                  abstract emotions, however, always
                                  occur in conjunction with more or less
                                  concrete realities, because we cannot
                                  experience both absolute abstraction
                                  and absolutely abstract (pure) art.
                                  The diversity of art comes from the
                                  necessity of the presence of different
                                  concrete realms/objects/media of
                                  reality in works of art. Each
                                  work/type of art speaks differently
                                  about what they have in common - what
                                  art is in essence, which is contrast,
                                  complexity, compression of
                                  information, development or value. <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> The type of emotion depends on
                                  what specific realm of reality the
                                  compression of information refers to.
                                  If it is, for example, a landscape
                                  painted by an artist, we should like
                                  it more than an (uncompressed) natural
                                  landscape. The same is the case with
                                  all other emotions - they are
                                  intensified thanks to the compression
                                  of information - associated with them.
                                  The most abstract art is music, which
                                  is why it is often difficult for us to
                                  associate it with known/conscious
                                  emotions. However, connections with
                                  reality also occur here, mainly in the
                                  structural sphere. That is why, for
                                  example, different pieces of music are
                                  performed on different occasions. To
                                  sum up, we can say that art can be
                                  made of anything if we include
                                  information compression. However,
                                  compression alone does not tell us
                                  about the value/size of art because
                                  one can compress a larger (more
                                  difficult to compress/organize) area
                                  or a smaller area to the same degree.
                                  The compressed larger area (of
                                  information) has more complexity and
                                  aesthetic value, which can be equated
                                  with value in general - as discussed
                                  in the presentation. <br>
                                  <br>
                                  P.S. As a budding artist and art
                                  theorist I encountered a knowledge of
                                  art that relied mainly on closer and
                                  further metaphors. There was also a
                                  belief that only such knowledge was
                                  possible. For example, it was said
                                  that a work of art "gives us energy"
                                  which of course was treated as a
                                  metaphor. The attempt to understand
                                  this metaphor led me to the conclusion
                                  that it is not about receiving energy
                                  but about saving it and that energy is
                                  not a metaphor but a physical value,
                                  which was confirmed by studies in
                                  perception, information theory and
                                  physics. <br>
                                  <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> Best regards </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> Mariusz <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> <br>
                                </div>
                                <div> W dniu 2022-04-18 o 21:20, Pedro
                                  C. Marijuan pisze: <br>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote type="cite" class="cite">
                                  <div> Dear Mariusz and FIs Colleagues,
                                  </div>
                                  <div> <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> May I disturb this calm vacation
                                    state and introduce some "contrast"?
                                    For the sake of the discussion, the
                                    Theory & Practice of Contrast
                                    presented may be considered as a
                                    pretty valid approach to visual
                                    arts, also extended to a diversity
                                    of other fields in science &
                                    humanities. let me warn that the
                                    overextension of a decent paradigm
                                    is a frequent cause of weakening the
                                    initial paradigm itself. The
                                    Darwinian cosmovision is a good
                                    example. One can read in a book of
                                    Peter Atkins: <i> “</i> <i>A great
                                      deal of the universe does not need
                                      any explanation. Elephants, for
                                      instance. Once molecules have
                                      learnt to compete and to create
                                      other molecules in their own
                                      image, elephants, and things
                                      resembling elephants, will in due
                                      course be found roaming around the
                                      countryside</i> <i>... </i> <i>Some
                                      of the things resembling elephants
                                      will be men.”  </i>I am not
                                    comfortable at all with that type of
                                    bombastic paradigm
                                    overextension--but maybe it is my
                                    problem. Finally it is the
                                    explanatory capability of the
                                    attempt what counts (which in Atkins
                                    case is close to nil). In any case,
                                    the co-ligation of disciplines is a
                                    tough matter not very well
                                    solved/articulated yet. <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> Let me change gears. My main
                                    concern with arts stems from their
                                    close relationships with emotions. I
                                    remember a strange personal
                                    experience. In a multidisciplinary
                                    gathering (scientists & artists)
                                    time ago, there was a small concert
                                    in an ancient chapel. Cello and
                                    electronic music together--great
                                    performers. In the middle of the
                                    concert, for unknown reasons, I
                                    started to feel sad, very sad. I was
                                    very absorbed in the music and could
                                    not realize having had any other bad
                                    interfering remembrance. Then I
                                    discretely looked at the person
                                    aside me, a lady. She was in tears,
                                    quite openly. I realized it was the
                                    music effect. Quite a few of the
                                    audience after the end of the
                                    concert were with red eyes... Some
                                    years later, in some biomedical
                                    research of my team on laughter (the
                                    analysis of its auditory contents as
                                    a helpful tool in the diagnosis of
                                    depression) we stumbled on Manfred
                                    Clynes "sentic forms". Some of the
                                    basic emotions can be clearly
                                    distinguished in ad hoc acoustic
                                    patterns, as well in tactile
                                    expression. (He made and sold a few
                                    gadgets about that). To make a long
                                    story short, we found the most
                                    important sentic forms in the sounds
                                    of laughter, including the "golden
                                    mean" in the expression of joyful
                                    laughs. End of the story. <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> Trying to articulate a concrete
                                    question, in what extension could
                                    have been some of the arts a
                                    powerful means to elicit emotions
                                    which are not so easily felt in
                                    social life?  Think in the liturgy
                                    of these days... such a powerful
                                    rites.... <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> <i><br>
                                    </i> </div>
                                  <div> </div>
                                  <div> Best regards, </div>
                                  <div> --Pedro </div>
                                  <div> <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <div> El 11/04/2022 a las 12:31,
                                    Mariusz Stanowski escribió: <br>
                                  </div>
                                  <blockquote type="cite" class="cite">
                                    <div> We are all right you are
                                      talking about the practical
                                      possibility of simulation and I am
                                      talking about the theoretical. <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> Best regards </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> Mariusz </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <div> W dniu 2022-04-11 o 11:30,
                                      Daniel Boyd pisze: <br>
                                    </div>
                                    <blockquote type="cite" class="cite">
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="EN-GB">Dear Joe, dear
                                            Mariusz</span><span
                                            lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl">Thankyou for both
                                            your responses. If I may
                                            pursue the topic of
                                            continuous-discontinuous
                                            contrasts further: is the
                                            solution to Joseph’s issue
                                            with non-computable
                                            processes perhaps to be
                                            found in acknowledging the
                                            distinction between the
                                            reality and its
                                            representation/simulation?</span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl">Take a landscape.
                                            In reality this contains an
                                            almost infinite amount of
                                            continuous and discontinuous
                                            detail from the subatomic
                                            particle to the geological
                                            mountain. A representation
                                            or simulation (artistic or
                                            scientific) of this reality
                                            cannot and need not
                                            accurately reproduce this
                                            detail to fulfil its
                                            purpose: distillation,
                                            approximation, even
                                            distortion may justifiably
                                            be involved. An artistic
                                            rendition, unless intended
                                            as photo-realistic, will be
                                            intentionally inaccurate.
                                            Digital representations are,
                                            for the sake of efficiency,
                                            designed to compress
                                            information to the minimum
                                            required to provide the
                                            illusion of accuracy based
                                            on the sensitivity of our
                                            senses. This accounts for
                                            the 16,7 million colour
                                            standard for images: a lot
                                            of colours, but only a
                                            coarse approximation to the
                                            real colours of the rainbow.
                                            Our own senses apply similar
                                            necessary estimations: the
                                            cells of the retina
                                            determine the maximal pixel
                                            definition of the image
                                            recreated in the brain: the
                                            continuous is made
                                            discontinuous.</span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl">Such
                                            representational
                                            approximations do not,
                                            however, imply discontinuity
                                            in the object observed. We
                                            see this in the inability of
                                            algorithmic simulations to
                                            accurately predict the
                                            future of non-linear systems
                                            in which arbitrarily small
                                            differences in initial
                                            conditions may have large
                                            effects as the system
                                            evolves. </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl">Perhaps this
                                            distinction between reality
                                            and representation lies, in
                                            your diagram, between the
                                            being-contrast-complexity
                                            column and the neighbouring
                                            elements? Or, possibly, you
                                            intend the
                                            being-contrast-complexity
                                            elements not to refer to the
                                            objects of reality
                                            themselves, but the
                                            perception/representation of
                                            them? </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl">Regards, Daniel  </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <div style="border-color:
                                          rgb(225,225,225) currentcolor
                                          currentcolor;border-style:
                                          solid none none;border-width:
                                          1.0pt medium medium;padding:
                                          3.0pt 0.0cm 0.0cm;">
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"
                                            style="border: medium
                                            none;padding: 0.0cm;"><b><span
                                                lang="nl">From: </span></b><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl"><br>
                                              <b>Sent: </b>Sunday, 10
                                              April 2022 11:53<br>
                                              <b>To: </b></span><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">Mariusz</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl">; </span><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">daniel.boyd@live.nl</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl">; </span><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">"fis"</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl"><br>
                                              <b>Cc: </b></span><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl">; </span><a
                                              style="text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                lang="nl">daniel.boyd@live.nl</span></a><span
                                              lang="nl"><br>
                                              <b>Subject: </b>Re: Re:
                                              [Fis] Book Presentation.
                                              Potentiality as well as
                                              Actuality</span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            style="font-size: 12.0pt;"
                                            lang="nl">Dear Mariusz, Dear
                                            Daniel,</span><span
                                            lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 12.0pt;"
                                              lang="nl">Please allow me
                                              to enter the discussion at
                                              this point. I will go back
                                              to the beginning as
                                              necessary later. I am in
                                              general agreement with
                                              Mariusz' approach, but I
                                              believe it could be
                                              strengthened by looking at
                                              the potential as well as
                                              the actual aspects of the
                                              phenomena in question.
                                              Thus when Mariusz writes <span
                                                style="color: red;">interaction,
                                                is a prior concept to
                                                the concept of being,
                                                because without
                                                interaction there is no
                                                being. It follows that
                                                the basic ingredient of
                                                being must be two
                                                objects/elements/components
                                                (forming a contrast)
                                                that have common and
                                                differentiating
                                                features.").</span></span><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl"> , I would add
                                              the dimension of becoming,
                                              which is a more dynamic
                                              relation. We can more
                                              easily talk about
                                              processes and change
                                              instead of component
                                              objects</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">A similar
                                              comment could be made
                                              about the
                                              discrete-continuous
                                              distinction. This is at
                                              the same time also an
                                              appearance-reality duality
                                              which is not static, but
                                              embodies the change from
                                              actual to potential and
                                              vice versa just mentioned.</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">I do not,
                                              however, agree with the
                                              following statement: </span><span
                                              style="font-size:
                                              12.0pt;color: red;"
                                              lang="nl">Besides it is
                                              already known that using
                                              binary structures it is
                                              possible to simulate any
                                              processes and objects of
                                              reality)</span><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">  There are many
                                              non-computable process
                                              aspects of reality that
                                              cannot be captured and
                                              simulated by an algorithm
                                              without loss of
                                              information and meaning.
                                              In the "graph" of the
                                              movement of a process from
                                              actuality to potentiality,
                                              the limiting points of 0
                                              and 1 are not included -
                                              it is non-Kolmogorovian.</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">I would say
                                              regarding beauty that it
                                              is a property emerging
                                              from the various contrast
                                              or antagonisms in the
                                              mind/body of the
                                              artist. The logic of such
                                              processes as I have
                                              remarked is a logic of
                                              energy, and this seems to
                                              fit here.</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">Thank you and
                                              best wishes,</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              style="font-size: 13.5pt;"
                                              lang="nl">Joseph</span><span
                                              lang="nl"></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                              lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <blockquote style="margin:
                                            5.0pt 0.0cm 5.0pt 11.25pt;">
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"
                                              style="margin-bottom:
                                              12.0pt;"><span lang="nl">----Message
                                                d'origine----<br>
                                                De : <a
                                                  style="text-decoration:
                                                  underline;color:
                                                  blue;"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">stanowskimariusz@wp.pl</a><br>
                                                Date : 10/04/2022 -
                                                08:35 (CEST)<br>
                                                À : <a
                                                  style="text-decoration:
                                                  underline;color:
                                                  blue;"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">daniel.boyd@live.nl</a>,
                                                <a
                                                  style="text-decoration:
                                                  underline;color:
                                                  blue;"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br>
                                                Objet : Re: [Fis] Book
                                                Presentation</span></p>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">Dear Daniel,
                                                </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">Thank you
                                                  for your questions.
                                                  Below are the
                                                  highlighted answers
                                                  (of course they are
                                                  more complete in the
                                                  book). </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">Best regards
                                                </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">Mariusz </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">W dniu
                                                  2022-04-09 o 17:37,
                                                  Daniel Boyd pisze: </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="margin-top:
                                              5.0pt;margin-bottom:
                                              5.0pt;">
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">Dear Mariusz
                                                </span><span lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">While (or
                                                  perhaps because!) your
                                                  work is a fair
                                                  distance from my own
                                                  field of expertise, I
                                                  found your conceptual
                                                  framework intriguing.
                                                  Herewith some of the
                                                  thoughts it elicited.
                                                  While they may be
                                                  unexpected because
                                                  they come from a
                                                  different angle,
                                                  hopefully a
                                                  cross-disciplinary
                                                  interaction will be
                                                  fruitful.  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">The Second
                                                  Law of Thermodynamics
                                                  dictates the ultimate
                                                  heat death of the
                                                  universe (a state in
                                                  which all 'contrasts'
                                                  are erased). </span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: red;"
                                                  lang="nl">(The heat
                                                  death of the universe
                                                  is just a popular view
                                                  and not a scientific
                                                  truth)</span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">Its current
                                                  state, fortunately for
                                                  us, is teeming with
                                                  differences (between
                                                  entities, properties
                                                  and interactions)
                                                  which underlie all
                                                  that is of importance
                                                  to us. To take such
                                                  contrasts as a
                                                  unifying principle
                                                  would therefore seem
                                                  to be undeniable, if
                                                  extremely ambitious!
                                                  After all, the sheer
                                                  diversity of contrasts
                                                  takes us from the
                                                  different spins of
                                                  subatomic particles
                                                  underlying the various
                                                  elements to the masses
                                                  of the celestial
                                                  bodies determining
                                                  their orbits around
                                                  the sun; from the
                                                  colours in a painting
                                                  to the sounds of a
                                                  symphony.
                                                  Systemically,
                                                  different patterns of
                                                  contrasts underlie the
                                                  distinctions between
                                                  linear and complex
                                                  systems. Contrasts
                                                  also form the basis
                                                  for the working of our
                                                  sense organs, the
                                                  perceptions derived
                                                  from them, and the
                                                  inner world of
                                                  conscious experience.
                                                  In each of these
                                                  contexts very
                                                  different classes of
                                                  contrasts lead to
                                                  different mechanisms
                                                  and laws, leading me
                                                  to wonder just what
                                                  the 'underlying
                                                  structure' is (beyond
                                                  the observation that,
                                                  ultimately, some type
                                                  of contrast is always
                                                  involved and that we
                                                  tend to deal with such
                                                  diverse contrasts in a
                                                  similar way). Maybe
                                                  your book provides an
                                                  answer to this
                                                  question that I am
                                                  unable to find in this
                                                  brief abstract: could
                                                  you perhaps say
                                                  something about this?
                                                </span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: red;"
                                                  lang="nl">(The answer
                                                  to this question is
                                                  contained in the
                                                  contrast-being
                                                  relation:
                                                  "Contrast-Being
                                                  Contrast, or
                                                  interaction, is a
                                                  prior concept to the
                                                  concept of being,
                                                  because without
                                                  interaction there is
                                                  no being. It follows
                                                  that the basic
                                                  ingredient of being
                                                  must be two
                                                  objects/elements/components
                                                  (forming a contrast)
                                                  that have common and
                                                  differentiating
                                                  features.").</span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl"><br>
                                                  <br>
                                                </span><span lang="nl"></span></p>
                                            </blockquote>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="margin-top:
                                              5.0pt;margin-bottom:
                                              5.0pt;">
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">Moving on to
                                                  more specific topics,
                                                  I see that you equate
                                                  the complexity of a
                                                  system to a
                                                  relationship between
                                                  binary values (</span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;" lang="nl">C =
                                                  N²/n<span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    black;">). While
                                                    such as approach may
                                                    work for
                                                    discontinuous
                                                    contrasts (e.g.
                                                    presence/absence,
                                                    information in
                                                    digital systems)
                                                    many naturally
                                                    occurring
                                                    differences are
                                                    continuous (e.g. the
                                                    electromagnetic
                                                    frequencies
                                                    underlying the
                                                    colours of the
                                                    rainbow). In
                                                    neuroscience, while
                                                    the firing of a
                                                    neuron may be a
                                                    binary event, the
                                                    charge underlying
                                                    this event is a
                                                    dynamic continuous
                                                    variable. My
                                                    question: how does
                                                    the concept of
                                                    abstract complexity
                                                    deal with continuous
                                                    variables
                                                    ("contrasts")?</span><span
                                                    style="color: red;">
                                                    (What seems to us to
                                                    be continuous in
                                                    reality may be
                                                    discrete, e.g. a
                                                    picture or a sound
                                                    on a computer is
                                                    continuous and in
                                                    reality it is a
                                                    binary structure of
                                                    electric impulses; a
                                                    continuous color is
                                                    a vibration of an
                                                    electromagnetic
                                                    wave. Besides it is
                                                    already known that
                                                    using binary
                                                    structures it is
                                                    possible to simulate
                                                    any processes and
                                                    objects of reality).
                                                  </span></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: red;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">I was also
                                                  intrigued by your
                                                  statement that "</span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;" lang="nl">Beautiful
                                                  are objects with high
                                                  information
                                                  compression<span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    black;">" based on
                                                    the reasoning "</span>perceiving
                                                  beauty, we save
                                                  energy, the perception
                                                  becomes more
                                                  economical and
                                                  pleasant<span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    black;">".
                                                    Intuitively, it
                                                    seems odd to me to
                                                    equate beauty to the
                                                    lack of perceptive
                                                    effort required.</span><span
                                                    style="color: red;">
                                                    (This is not about
                                                    "no effort" but
                                                    about "saving
                                                    effort". If we have
                                                    a beautiful and an
                                                    ugly object with the
                                                    same information
                                                    content, the
                                                    perception of the
                                                    beautiful object
                                                    will require less
                                                    energy. The measure
                                                    of beauty is not the
                                                    amount of
                                                    effort/energy, but
                                                    the amount of energy
                                                    saved, which in the
                                                    case of the Sagrada
                                                    Familia will be
                                                    greater). </span><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    black;">This would
                                                    mean that the
                                                    Pentagon (high
                                                    regularity/compressibility)
                                                    is more beautiful
                                                    than the Sagrada
                                                    Familia (low
                                                    regularity/compressibility);
                                                    and a
                                                    single-instrument
                                                    midi rendition of
                                                    Bach is more
                                                    beautiful than a
                                                    symphonic
                                                    performance. It
                                                    seems to me that
                                                    beauty often
                                                    stimulates (gives
                                                    energy) rather than
                                                    just costing minimal
                                                    energy. Much
                                                    research has been
                                                    done on the
                                                    universal and
                                                    culture-dependent
                                                    perception of
                                                    beauty: does this
                                                    support your
                                                    statement? see e.g. </span></span><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01229.x"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;" lang="nl">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01229.x</span></a><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl"> which
                                                  describes factors
                                                  other than simplicity
                                                  as necessary
                                                  characteristics. </span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: red;"
                                                  lang="nl">(This
                                                  article is based on
                                                  faulty assumptions
                                                  e.g. misunderstanding
                                                  Kolmogorov's
                                                  definition of
                                                  complexity, which is
                                                  not applicable here).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                            </blockquote>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                lang="nl"><br>
                                                <br>
                                              </span></p>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="margin-top:
                                              5.0pt;margin-bottom:
                                              5.0pt;">
                                              <table style="width:
                                                100.0%;border: 1.0pt
                                                solid rgb(200,200,200);"
                                                width="100%"
                                                cellpadding="0"
                                                border="1">
                                                <tbody>
                                                  <tr>
                                                    <td style="border:
                                                      medium
                                                      none;padding:
                                                      9.0pt 27.0pt 9.0pt
                                                      9.0pt;"
                                                      valign="top">
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01229.x"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><img
                                                          style="width:
1.1458in;height: 1.6666in;"
id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427gmail-m_-894582114354655215gmail-m_1957764947159077325gmail-m_5502420876881491567gmail-m_8594044412499457540_x0000_i1026"
src="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/27d06595-b3bb-4fc6-b149-72a4cd99ef89/cogs.v45.4.cover.jpg"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="110" height="160" border="0"></span></a></p>
                                                    </td>
                                                    <td style="width:
                                                      100.0%;border:
                                                      medium
                                                      none;padding:
                                                      9.0pt 27.0pt 9.0pt
                                                      9.0pt;"
                                                      width="100%"
                                                      valign="top">
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"><a
href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01229.x"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;text-decoration:
                                                          none;">Musings
                                                          About Beauty -
                                                          Kintsch - 2012
                                                          - Cognitive
                                                          Science -
                                                          Wiley Online
                                                          Library</span></a><span
style="font-size: 16.0pt;"></span></p>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Aesthetics has been a human concern
                                                          throughout
                                                          history.
                                                          Cognitive
                                                          science is a
                                                          relatively new
                                                          development
                                                          and its
                                                          implications
                                                          for a theory
                                                          of aesthetics
                                                          have been
                                                          largely
                                                          unexplored. </span></p>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com"
                                                          moz-do-not-send="true">onlinelibrary.wiley.com</a></span></p>
                                                    </td>
                                                  </tr>
                                                </tbody>
                                              </table>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">By defining
                                                  contrast as a
                                                  distinction between
                                                  entities or
                                                  properties, it seems
                                                  to come close as a
                                                  definition to the type
                                                  of information
                                                  underlying physical
                                                  entropy. That being
                                                  the case, your
                                                  approach would seem to
                                                  resemble those who
                                                  would give such
                                                  information a
                                                  comparable fundamental
                                                  significance (e.g.
                                                  Wheeler's "it from
                                                  bit"). Could you say
                                                  something about how
                                                  you see the
                                                  relationship between
                                                  'contrast' and
                                                  'information? Are they
                                                  effectively synonyms?</span><span
                                                  style="color: red;"
                                                  lang="nl"> Contrast
                                                  and information are
                                                  different concepts.
                                                  Information is a
                                                  feature or form of
                                                  energy. Contrast is
                                                  the
                                                  tension/force/energy
                                                  created by the
                                                  interaction of common
                                                  features (attraction)
                                                  and different features
                                                  (repulsion) of
                                                  contrasting objects).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                            </blockquote>
                                            <blockquote
                                              style="margin-top:
                                              5.0pt;margin-bottom:
                                              5.0pt;">
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">Thankyou, in
                                                  any case, for your
                                                  contribution which
                                                  certainly demonstrates
                                                  the relationship
                                                  between Value and
                                                  Development </span><span
                                                  lang="nl">😉</span><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;color: black;"
                                                  lang="nl">Regards,
                                                  Daniel Boyd </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">  </span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">  </span></p>
                                              <div style="border-color:
                                                rgb(225,225,225)
                                                currentcolor
                                                currentcolor;border-style:
                                                solid none
                                                none;border-width: 1.0pt
                                                medium medium;padding:
                                                3.0pt 0.0cm 0.0cm;">
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                      lang="nl">Van: </span></b><span
                                                    lang="nl">Mariusz
                                                    Stanowski<br>
                                                    <b>Verzonden: </b>zaterdag
                                                    2 april 2022 19:23<br>
                                                    <b>Aan: </b><a
                                                      style="text-decoration:
                                                      underline;color:
                                                      blue;"
                                                      moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br>
                                                    <b>Onderwerp: </b>[Fis]
                                                    Book Presentation</span></p>
                                              </div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  lang="nl">  </span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Book
                                                    Presentation</span></b><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">“Theory
                                                    and Practice of
                                                    Contrast:
                                                    Integrating Science,
                                                    Art and Philosophy.”</span></b><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Mariusz
                                                    Stanowski</span></b><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;font-family:
                                                    Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Published
                                                    June 10, 2021 by CRC
                                                    Press (hardcover and
                                                    eBook).</span></b><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Dear FIS
                                                  list members, </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Many
                                                  thanks for the
                                                  opportunity to present
                                                  my recent book in this
                                                  list. </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Our
                                                  dispersed knowledge
                                                  needs an underlying
                                                  structure that allows
                                                  it to be organised
                                                  into a coherent and
                                                  complex system. </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">I believe
                                                  “Theory and Practice
                                                  of Contrast” provides
                                                  such a structure by
                                                  bringing the
                                                  considerations to the
                                                  most basic, general
                                                  and abstract level. At
                                                  this level it is
                                                  possible to define <b>contrast
                                                    as a tension between
                                                    common and
                                                    differentiating
                                                    features of objects.
                                                    It grows in
                                                    intensity as the
                                                    number/strength of
                                                    differentiating and
                                                    common features of
                                                    contrasting
                                                    structures/objects
                                                    increases</b>.
                                                  Contrast understood in
                                                  this way applies to
                                                  any objects of reality
                                                  (mental and physical)
                                                  and is also an impact
                                                  (causal force) in the
                                                  most general sense.
                                                  Contrast as a common
                                                  principle organises
                                                  (binds) our knowledge
                                                  into a coherent
                                                  system. This is
                                                  illustrated by a
                                                  diagram of the
                                                  connections between
                                                  the key concepts: </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="nl"><img
                                                    src="cid:18042b19a074c04e35e1"
                                                    style="width:
                                                    5.677in;height:
                                                    2.177in;"
id="gmail-m_5682249944001950559m_5272512800448995304m_3587540073929156095m_5524230409268817557m_1568771938713710198m_-1867140357341046228m_-6991387430563402867m_-3899873563229104252m_-6893692261083655475m_3661071338159238558m_-6239538321860397427gmail-m_-894582114354655215gmail-m_1957764947159077325gmail-m_5502420876881491567gmail-m_8594044412499457540Afbeelding_x0020_3"
moz-do-not-send="true" width="545" height="209" border="0"></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Below are
                                                  brief descriptions of
                                                  these connections. </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"
                                                style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;line-height:
                                                  150.0%;font-family:
                                                  Arial , sans-serif;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Contrast—Development
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  lang="EN-GB">When
                                                  observing a contrast,
                                                  we also observe the
                                                  connection between
                                                  contrasting
                                                  objects/structures
                                                  (resulting from their
                                                  common features) and
                                                  the emergence of a </span><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">new, more
                                                  complex structure
                                                  possessing the common
                                                  and differentiating
                                                  features of connected
                                                  structures. In the
                                                  general sense, the
                                                  emergence of a new
                                                  structure is
                                                  tantamount to
                                                  development.
                                                  Therefore, it may be
                                                  stated that contrast
                                                  is a perception of
                                                  structures/objects
                                                  connections, or
                                                  experience of
                                                  development. The
                                                  association of
                                                  contrast with
                                                  development brings a
                                                  new quality to the
                                                  understanding of many
                                                  other fundamental
                                                  concepts, such as
                                                  beauty, value,
                                                  creativity, emergence.
                                                  (Similarly, <i>contrast
                                                    as development </i>is
                                                  understood in
                                                  Whitehead’s
                                                  philosophy).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"> </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Contrast—Complexity
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">In
                                                  accordance with the
                                                  proposed definition,
                                                  when we consider the
                                                  contrast between two
                                                  or more
                                                  objects/structures, it
                                                  grows in intensity as
                                                  the number/strength of
                                                  differentiating and
                                                  common features of
                                                  contrasting
                                                  structures/objects
                                                  increases. Such an
                                                  understanding of
                                                  contrast remain an
                                                  intuitive criterion of
                                                  complexity that can be
                                                  formulated as follows:
                                                  <b>a system becomes
                                                    more complex the
                                                    greater is the
                                                    number of
                                                    distinguishable
                                                    elements and the
                                                    greater the number
                                                    of connections among
                                                    them</b><i>. </i>If
                                                  in definition of
                                                  contrast we substitute
                                                  “differentiating
                                                  features” for
                                                  “distinguishable
                                                  elements” and “common
                                                  features” for
                                                  “connections”, we will
                                                  be able to conclude
                                                  that <b>contrast is
                                                    the perception and
                                                    measure of
                                                    complexity.</b></span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="text-indent:
                                                35.4pt;line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Note: Two
                                                  types of contrasts can
                                                  be distinguished: the
                                                  sensual (physical)
                                                  contrast, which is
                                                  determined only by the
                                                  force of features of
                                                  contrasting objects
                                                  and the mental
                                                  (abstract) contrast
                                                  which depends
                                                  primarily on the
                                                  number of these
                                                  features. (This
                                                  contrast can be
                                                  equated with
                                                  complexity). (The
                                                  equation of contrast
                                                  with complexity is an
                                                  important finding for
                                                  the investigations in:
                                                  cognitive sciences,
                                                  psychology, ontology,
                                                  epistemology,
                                                  aesthetics, axiology,
                                                  biology, information
                                                  theory, complexity
                                                  theory and indirectly
                                                  in physics).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"> </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Complexity—Information
                                                    Compression </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Intuition
                                                  says that the more
                                                  complex object with
                                                  the same number of
                                                  components (e.g.
                                                  words) has more
                                                  features/information
                                                  (i.e. more common and
                                                  differentiating
                                                  features), which
                                                  proves its better
                                                  organization (assuming
                                                  that all components
                                                  have the same or
                                                  similar complexity).
                                                  We can also say that
                                                  such an object has a
                                                  higher degree of
                                                  complexity. The degree
                                                  of complexity is in
                                                  other words the
                                                  brevity of the form or
                                                  the compression of
                                                  information.
                                                  Complexity understood
                                                  intuitively (as above)
                                                  depends, however, not
                                                  only on the complexity
                                                  degree (that could be
                                                  defined as the ratio
                                                  of the number of
                                                  features to the number
                                                  of components) but
                                                  also on the (total)
                                                  number of features,
                                                  because it is more
                                                  difficult to organize
                                                  a larger number of
                                                  elements/features. In
                                                  addition, the more
                                                  features (with the
                                                  same degree of
                                                  complexity), the
                                                  greater the contrast.
                                                  Therefore, in the
                                                  proposed <i>Abstract
                                                    Definition of
                                                    Complexity </i>(2011),
                                                  we multiply the degree
                                                  of complexity by the
                                                  number of features.
                                                  This definition
                                                  defines the complexity
                                                  (C) of the binary
                                                  structure (general
                                                  model of all
                                                  structures/objects) as
                                                  the quotient of the
                                                  square of features
                                                  (regularities/substructures)
                                                  number (N) to the
                                                  number of components
                                                  or the number of zeros
                                                  and ones (n). It is
                                                  expressed in a simple
                                                  formula: C = N²/n and
                                                  should be considered
                                                  the most general
                                                  definition of
                                                  complexity, among the
                                                  existing ones, which
                                                  also fulfils the
                                                  intuitive criterion.
                                                  (This relation
                                                  explains what
                                                  compression of
                                                  information in general
                                                  is and what role it
                                                  plays as a complexity
                                                  factor. This allows to
                                                  generalize the notion
                                                  of information
                                                  compression and use it
                                                  not only in computer
                                                  science, but also in
                                                  other fields of
                                                  knowledge, such as
                                                  aesthetics, axiology,
                                                  cognitive science,
                                                  biology, chemistry,
                                                  physics).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p><b><span style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Information
compression—Development </span></b><span style="color: windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Our mind
                                                  perceiving objects
                                                  (receiving
                                                  information) more
                                                  compressed, saves
                                                  energy.
                                                  Compression/organization
                                                  of information reduce
                                                  energy of perception
                                                  while maintaining the
                                                  same amount of
                                                  information (in case
                                                  of lossless
                                                  compression). Thanks
                                                  to this, perception
                                                  becomes easier (more
                                                  economical) and more
                                                  enjoyable; for
                                                  example, it can be
                                                  compared to faster and
                                                  easier learning,
                                                  acquiring knowledge
                                                  (information), which
                                                  also contributes to
                                                  our development.
                                                  Compression of
                                                  information as a
                                                  degree of complexity
                                                  also affects its size.
                                                  Complexity, in turn,
                                                  is a measure of
                                                  contrast (and vice
                                                  versa). Contrast,
                                                  however, is identified
                                                  with development.
                                                  Hence, complexity is
                                                  also development. This
                                                  sequence of
                                                  associations is the
                                                  second way connecting
                                                  the compression of
                                                  information with
                                                  development.
                                                  Similarly, one can
                                                  trace all other
                                                  possibilities of
                                                  connections in the
                                                  diagram. (The
                                                  association of
                                                  information
                                                  compression with
                                                  development brings a
                                                  new, explanatory
                                                  knowledge to many
                                                  fields including
                                                  cognitive science,
                                                  aesthetics, axiology,
                                                  information theory).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Development—Value
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Development
                                                  is the essence of
                                                  value, because all
                                                  values (ethical,
                                                  material,
                                                  intellectual, etc.)
                                                  contribute to our
                                                  development which is
                                                  their common feature.
                                                  It follows that value
                                                  is also a contrast,
                                                  complexity and
                                                  compression of
                                                  information because
                                                  they are synonymous
                                                  with development. (The
                                                  relation explains and
                                                  defines the notion of
                                                  value fundamental to
                                                  axiology).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB"> </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Value—Abstract
                                                    Value </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">About all
                                                  kinds of values (with
                                                  the exception of
                                                  aesthetic values) we
                                                  can say, what they are
                                                  useful for. Only
                                                  aesthetic values can
                                                  be said to serve the
                                                  development or be the
                                                  essence of values,
                                                  values in general or
                                                  abstract values. This
                                                  is a property of
                                                  abstract concepts to
                                                  express the general
                                                  idea of something
                                                  (e.g. the concept of a
                                                  chair includes all
                                                  kinds of chairs and
                                                  not a specific one).
                                                  It follows that <b>what
                                                    is specific to
                                                    aesthetic value is
                                                    that it is an
                                                    abstract value</b>
                                                  (although it is
                                                  difficult to imagine).
                                                  (This is a new
                                                  understanding of
                                                  aesthetic value,
                                                  crucial for aesthetics
                                                  and axiology).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Contrast—Being
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Contrast
                                                  or interaction is a
                                                  concept prior to the
                                                  concept of being
                                                  because without
                                                  interaction there is
                                                  no existence. It
                                                  follows that the basic
                                                  component of being
                                                  must be two
                                                  objects/elements/components
                                                  (creating a contrast)
                                                  having common and
                                                  differentiating
                                                  features.
                                                  (Understanding of
                                                  being as a contrast is
                                                  fundamental to
                                                  ontology and
                                                  metaphysics and worth
                                                  considering in
                                                  physics).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Contrast—Cognition
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">The
                                                  object of cognition
                                                  and the subject (mind)
                                                  participate in the
                                                  cognitive process. The
                                                  object and the subject
                                                  have common and
                                                  differentiating
                                                  features, thus they
                                                  create a contrast.
                                                  Cognition consists in
                                                  attaching (through
                                                  common features)
                                                  differentiating
                                                  features of the object
                                                  by the subject. In
                                                  this way, through the
                                                  contrast, the subject
                                                  develops. It can
                                                  therefore be said that
                                                  cognition is a
                                                  contrast of the object
                                                  with the subject.
                                                  (This is a new
                                                  definition of
                                                  cognition important
                                                  for epistemology and
                                                  cognitive science).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Cognition—Subjectivity
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">The above
                                                  understanding of
                                                  cognition agrees all
                                                  disputable issues
                                                  (present, among
                                                  others, in psychology,
                                                  cognitive science and
                                                  aesthetics) regarding
                                                  the objectivity and
                                                  subjectivity of
                                                  assessments (e.g.
                                                  whether the source of
                                                  beauty is the
                                                  observer's mind,
                                                  whether it is a
                                                  specific quality from
                                                  the observer
                                                  independent), because
                                                  it shows that they
                                                  depend on both the
                                                  subject and the
                                                  object, i.e. depend on
                                                  their
                                                  relationship—contrast.</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Compression
                                                    of
                                                    information—Beauty </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Beautiful
                                                  are objects with high
                                                  information
                                                  compression (a large
                                                  degree of
                                                  complexity/organization).
                                                  Thanks to the
                                                  compression of
                                                  information,
                                                  perceiving beauty, we
                                                  save energy, the
                                                  perception becomes
                                                  more economical and
                                                  pleasant which favours
                                                  our development and is
                                                  therefore a value for
                                                  us. </span><span
                                                  lang="EN-GB">The
                                                  example is golden
                                                  division. </span><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Counting
                                                  features (information)
                                                  in all possible types
                                                  of divisions
                                                  (asymmetrical,
                                                  symmetrical and
                                                  golden) showed that
                                                  the golden division
                                                  contains the most
                                                  features/information
                                                  (an additional feature
                                                  is well known golden
                                                  proportion) and
                                                  therefore creates the
                                                  greatest contrast,
                                                  complexity and
                                                  aesthetic value. 
                                                  (This explains the
                                                  previously unknown
                                                  reasons for aesthetic
                                                  preferences, key to
                                                  aesthetics, art
                                                  theory, psychology,
                                                  cognitive science and
                                                  neuroaesthetics).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Development—Beauty
                                                  </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Beauty
                                                  contributes to
                                                  development thanks to
                                                  the economy of
                                                  perception. Perception
                                                  of beauty is
                                                  accompanied by a sense
                                                  of development or ease
                                                  and pleasure of
                                                  perception. (This
                                                  explains the causes of
                                                  aesthetic
                                                  preferences).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p style="line-height:
                                                150.0%;"><b><span
                                                    style="color:
                                                    windowtext;"
                                                    lang="EN-GB">Abstract
                                                    Value—Beauty, Art </span></b><span
                                                  style="color:
                                                  windowtext;"
                                                  lang="EN-GB">Only
                                                  beauty and art have no
                                                  specific value but
                                                  they express/have
                                                  value in general (an
                                                  abstract value). The
                                                  objects that make up a
                                                  work of art are not
                                                  important, but their
                                                  contrast-interaction,
                                                  which results from the
                                                  complexity of the
                                                  artwork. (If we see a
                                                  single object in the
                                                  gallery, then the art
                                                  is its contrast with
                                                  the context - as in
                                                  the case of Duchamp's
                                                  "Urinal" or Malevich's
                                                  "Black Square"). One
                                                  can say that beauty
                                                  and art are
                                                  distinguished
                                                  (defined) by two
                                                  elements: abstract
                                                  value and a large
                                                  contrast.(This is a
                                                  new and only
                                                  definition of
                                                  beauty/art that
                                                  indicates the
                                                  distinctive common
                                                  features of all
                                                  aesthetic/artistic
                                                  objects, it is crucial
                                                  for the theory of art,
                                                  aesthetics, axiology
                                                  and epistemology).</span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                  style="font-size:
                                                  12.0pt;" lang="nl">  </span><span
                                                  lang="nl"></span></p>
                                            </blockquote>
                                            <p><span lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                                lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                          </blockquote>
                                        </div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                            lang="nl"> </span></p>
                                      </div>
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <p><br>
                                    </p>
                                    <br>
                                    <fieldset></fieldset>
                                    <pre>_______________________________________________
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</pre>
                                  </blockquote>
                                  <p><br>
                                  </p>
                                  <pre cols="72">-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
<a style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;" moz-do-not-send="true">pedroc.marijuan@gmail.com</a><a style="text-decoration: underline;color: blue;" moz-do-not-send="true">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a><a href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>

Editor special issue: Evolutionary dynamics of social systems
<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biosystems/special-issue/107DGX9V85V" moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biosystems/special-issue/107DGX9V85V</a>
-----------------------------------------------------------</pre>
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                                              antivirus Avast ha
                                              analizado este correo
                                              electrónico en busca de
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL

Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
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