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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear List,</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Some comments on the recent exchanges
      that I will try to connect with the informational centrality of
      "life cycles".</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">The input-output view, apparently
      common to stimulus/response and to physical interactions (Howard),
      forgets a relevant characteristic of life:  it does not follow
      blindly the requisites of its boundary conditions, its inputs, but
      has inner drives (conatus principle for Spinoza) that impels it to
      circumvent adverse conditions and to change its own structure and
      dynamics so to keep ahead with the potential advancement of the
      life cycle. The inanimate is inert and just follows the laws of
      nature, the animate establishes its own lawfulness. Obviously we,
      ourselves, are not restricted to input/output in our daily life.
      Most of our behavior stems from inner needs or drives, from
      impulses that overall grant us a tentative fit withing our
      environment and our social groups. Not different from all the
      other forms of life.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">The life cycle is essential in
      signaling science, in bacteriology, in microbial ecology, in
      multicellular development & specialization, in epigenesis, in
      ecological disciplines, social sciences, daily life...</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">In our societies, we use sketches or
      records of our life cycles in progress: short "bios", CVs,
      biographies, etc. In order to fruitfully communicate and
      understand the other party we need to have some idea on the age,
      sex, ideas, professional background, family... how the life cycle
      has progressed. And last but not least we compose fine obituaries
      at the end.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">That it becomes an embarrassing theme
      for formal approaches does not diminishes at all the centrality of
      life cycle in relation with the sources and destinies of
      communication processes and the subsequent elaboration of meaning.
      Well, we can make a rough sketch of the communication process as
      occurs in life, prune it of all its complex aspects of inner
      drives & cycle, and then apply it as stimulus/response to
      everything. Not serious. A bland metaphor.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">How molecules may support that type of
      life communication? The simplest, most consistent way relates to
      prokaryotic cells and their signaling systems. All further down we
      may speculate on protobiology is just that, speculations on a
      scientifically unsolved matter.</div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Regards---Pedro<br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
    </div>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">El 21/03/2022 a las 18:42,
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a> escribió:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:613945854.38547.1647884573019@bluewin.ch">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <p class="MsoNormal">Dear All,</p>
      <p class="MsoNormal">Karl’s note below, and that part of it which
        refers to Howard’s below,
        refers to aspects of my approach to logic, information  and
        reality. They deserve some responses and
        clarifications, the order (in this case) does not have any
        particular
        significance.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">       </span>1.
        The intent of the statement “all logical statements
        being true, etc.”, relevant only for standard logics, is not
        clear to me in
        this context.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>2. On the other hand, my non-propositional,
        non-truth-functional
        logic of processes is a way of seeing <b>how </b>(my emphasis)
        things interact.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>3. I do not think we are talking about “the same
        interdependence of parts and wholes” unless you can agree that
        interdependence
        means that parts and wholes share some of each other’s
        properties, to a
        different and changing degree.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>4. The reference to the beginning of an interaction
        is very good since it avoids reification of an “interaction”.
        One could simply
        say that interactions imply transformations, more or less
        continuous.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->5.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>5. The concept introduced of exactitude as a
        property of interactions, leading to tautologies, is a difficult
        one for me to
        grasp. I tend to avoid tautologies like the plague, and my
        interactions are far from exact.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->6.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>6. In this context, we have a core definition of
        information as anything a receiver can interpret. The concepts
        of a receiver
        and information, however, appear to be everything that
        participates in a real-world
        process, at all levels of reality, in other words, everything.
        There is a
        certain attraction to seeing “everything” as information, but it
        is ultimately
        a form of idealism I for one cannot accept.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"
        style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]-->7.<span
          style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian:
          normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height:
          normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";">      
        </span>7. A meaningful sentence for me is that information
        is an “artefact of the stage of our dramas.” I would say that it
        is built on
        the existence of entities (with different densities, OK) moving
        between actuality
        and potentiality. I would be interested in seeing if either of
        our authors
        could integrate this statement in <b>their</b> systems.<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal">Thank you and best wishes,<o:p></o:p></p>
      <p class="MsoNormal">Joseph <o:p></o:p></p>
      <blockquote style="margin-right: 0.0px;margin-left: 15.0px;">
        ----Message d'origine---- <br>
        De : <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:karl.javorszky@gmail.com">karl.javorszky@gmail.com</a> <br>
        Date : 19/03/2022 - 17:31 (CEST) <br>
        À : <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com">howlbloom@aol.com</a> <br>
        Cc : <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:christophe.menant@hotmail.fr">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>,
        <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a> <br>
        Objet : Re: [Fis] Fwd: TR: RE: How Molecules Became Signs. One
        Way Out. <br>
        <br>
        <div dir="auto"> Oomph this does have, Howard. An idea came to
          me on reading this explanation of what happened right after
          the big bang.
          <div dir="auto"> All logical statements being true, none of
            them is true.  </div>
          <div dir="auto"> Some of the melee will become differentiated,
            on whichever property. In your model, these are leptons etc
            mainly along magnetism. </div>
          <div dir="auto"> This fits all very well as the first chapters
            of a book for young adults. My contribution would come
            later, as we discuss the ideally running stable middle stage
            of the contraption, where and on which we demonstrate that
            and how the cogs fit together. Maybe a polite invitation to
            Joseph to attach words to concepts that are the background
            to what we all 3 (actually, all of fis) try to put to words
            and concepts and numbers and drawings. </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"> Namely that information is an artefact of the
            stage of our dramas. It is built on the difference between
            densities space vs matter. There are thresholds below and
            above which the concept of unit changes. We could figure
            that out once we clearly see how things interact. </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"> Memory functions like genetic only in the
            best of ideal circumstances. So in my world the interactions
            are that exact that one may talk about tautologies. </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"> In the beginning of the interaction or during
            transformations of it, there are the pictures Joseph and you
            paint.  </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"> In my impression, we talk about the same
            interdependence of many parts of a whole. </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
          <div dir="auto"> Karl </div>
          <div dir="auto"> <br>
          </div>
        </div>
        <br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">
          <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr"> On Fri, 18 Mar 2022, 01:45
            Howard Bloom, < <a style="cursor:
              pointer;text-decoration: underline;color: blue;"
              moz-do-not-send="true">howlbloom@aol.com</a>> wrote: <br>
          </div>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0 0 0
            0.8ex;border-left: 1.0px rgb(204,204,204)
            solid;padding-left: 1.0ex;">
            <div style="color: black;font: 10.0pt Verdana , Arial ,
              Helvetica , sans-serif;">
              <div style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <span
                  style="font-size: 16.0pt;">The Evolution of
                  Information</span> </div>
              <div style="text-align: center;" align="center"> <br>
              </div>
              <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"
                align="center"> <span style="font-size:
                  12.0pt;line-height: 115.0%;"> </span> </div>
              <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size:
                  12.0pt;line-height: 115.0%;">Most of us think that
                  information is a relatively new phenomenon, limited to
                  human kind, computers, and perhaps to animals.  But
                  that view is wrong.  Information reared its head in
                  the first 10<sub>32 </sub>second of the big bang.  It
                  got its start when space first told matter how to
                  move.  That was a communicational exchange.  An
                  informational exchange.  And information showed itself
                   in that first 10<sub>32 </sub>second after the Big
                  Bang when the first “things” precipitated from a sheet
                  of space and time.  Those first things were leptons
                  and quarks.  And quarks have a peculiar property. 
                  They cannot survive on their own. So they rushed to
                  find each other and to gang up in groups of two or
                  three.  But not just any partners would do.  Each
                  quark was born with the equivalent of an etiquette
                  book, an instruction manual telling it which fellow
                  quarks to rush toward and which quarks to avoid.  Each
                  quark was born picky.  Each quark was born with a
                  vocabulary called attraction and repulsion.  Each
                  quark read the signals from another quark and either
                  sped away or glommed together in a permanent embrace. 
                  Yes, quarks met others and either rushed away or sped
                  toward each other to embrace.  How did quarks “know”
                  which to do?  They read each other’s signals.  They
                  read each other’s electromagnetic and weak force. 
                  Then they acted on those signals.  In other words,
                  quarks exchanged information.  In my book The God
                  Problem, How a Godless Cosmos Creates, I give a simple
                  definition of information.  Information, says the God
                  Problem, is anything a receiver can interpret.  How do
                  we know when a receiver is getting the message?  We
                  watch the receiver’s response.  In other words,
                  stimulus and response—the two things that BF Skinner
                  felt were the core of psychology--are vital to the
                  observation of information.  Quarks fleeing from each
                  other or flying together were responding to the cues
                  of other quarks.  They were interpreting a stimulus
                  and producing a response.  They were communicative. 
                  They were social.  And they were informational. Those
                  13.8-billion-year-old social quarks, by the way, are
                  alive inside of you and me today.  Quark threesomes
                  are your protons and neutrons. But there’s more.
                  Informational processes of the sort we see in quarks
                  appear at every stage of the cosmos’ evolution.  They
                  appear in attraction and repulsion.  Information,
                  attraction, and repulsion showed up 380,000 years
                  after the big bang in electrons and protons. 
                  Electrons and protons read each other’s
                  electromagnetic signals and came together as atoms. 
                  Attraction, repulsion and information appeared in the
                  sweepings of cosmic dust that would someday be called
                  galaxies.  Information and attraction showed up in the
                  form of gravity, signals that change based on a body’s
                  mass.  Information and attraction appeared in the
                  gravity balls that would form stars, planets and
                  moons.  Informaion, attraction, and repulsion appeared
                  when atoms read each others signals and came together
                  in the first molecules.  And they information,
                  attraction, and repulsion are alive in every
                  macromolecule that would become a part of life. 
                  Molecules communicate with each other via
                  electromagnetism and either attract or repel. 
                  Information is the backbone of the evolution of the
                  universe.  And information is the essence of the
                  gatherings of matter that think of themselves as you
                  and me.</span> </div>
              <br>
              <br>
              <div style="font-family: arial , helvetica;font-size:
                10.0pt;color: black;"> <font size="2">-----Original
                  Message-----<br>
                  From: Karl Javorszky <<a style="cursor:
                    pointer;text-decoration: underline;color: blue;"
                    rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">karl.javorszky@gmail.com</a>><br>
                  To: Joseph Brenner <<a style="cursor:
                    pointer;text-decoration: underline;color: blue;"
                    rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><br>
                  Cc: fis <<a style="cursor: pointer;text-decoration:
                    underline;color: blue;" rel="noreferrer"
                    moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>>;
                  Christophe Menant <<a style="cursor:
                    pointer;text-decoration: underline;color: blue;"
                    rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>><br>
                  Sent: Thu, Mar 17, 2022 6:57 am<br>
                  Subject: Re: [Fis] Fwd: TR: RE: How Molecules Became
                  Signs. One Way Out.<br>
                  <br>
                  <div id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568">
                    <div>
                      <div> Yes, this is absolutely correct 
                        <div> <b style="font-size: 12.8px;text-indent:
                            47.2px;"><font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                              sans-serif">Meaningful information is
                              reality in potential form</font></b> </div>
                        <div> <b style="font-size: 12.8px;text-indent:
                            47.2px;"><font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                              sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                            </font></b> </div>
                        <div> <b style="font-size: 12.8px;text-indent:
                            47.2px;"><font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                              sans-serif">Congratulations! </font></b> </div>
                        <div> <b style="font-size: 12.8px;text-indent:
                            47.2px;"><font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                              sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                            </font></b> </div>
                      </div>
                      <br clear="none">
                      <div>
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                            noreferrer noreferrer" shape="rect"
                            style="cursor: pointer;text-decoration:
                            underline;color: blue;"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>
                          < <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer
                            noreferrer" shape="rect" style="cursor:
                            pointer;text-decoration: underline;color:
                            blue;" moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>>
                          schrieb am Do., 17. März 2022, 11:34: <br
                            clear="none">
                        </div>
                        <blockquote style="margin: 0 0 0
                          0.8ex;border-left: 1.0px rgb(204,204,204)
                          solid;padding-left: 1.0ex;">
                          <div
                            id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568yqt25668">
                            <blockquote style="margin-right:
                              0.0px;margin-left: 15.0px;">
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">Dear Christophe and All,</font>
                              </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">In his note, reproduced
                                  below, Christophe provides an interim
                                  answer to my first response to his of
                                  the same day (March 13). In looking at
                                  the relation between Information and
                                  Meaning, he looked forward (as I
                                  certainly do) to further input by
                                  Terry regarding the potential of
                                  information as meaning and the process
                                  of emergence. (One should perhaps
                                  better write information_as_meaning.)
                                  In the meantime, I offer my own
                                  interpretation from my recent (2020)
                                  book with Andrei Igamberdiev:</font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <div style="text-indent:
                                  0.0in;line-height: normal;"> <span
                                    style="color: windowtext;"><font
                                      size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                      sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                    </font></span> </div>
                                <div style="text-indent:
                                  0.0in;line-height: normal;"> <span
                                    style="color: windowtext;"><font
                                      size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                      sans-serif">"I summarized the
                                      concept developed in LIR (Logic in
                                      Reality) in the following points:</font></span>
                                </div>
                                <div style="text-indent:
                                  0.0in;line-height: normal;"> <span
                                    style="color: windowtext;"><font
                                      size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                      sans-serif"> </font></span> </div>
                                <div style="margin-left:
                                  88.5pt;line-height: normal;"> <font
                                    size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">1.<span
                                        style="font-stretch:
                                        normal;line-height: normal;">     
                                      </span></span><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">Information
                                      generation and transfer occur in
                                      nature as a natural process that
                                      is constituted by and requires
                                      energy.</span></font> </div>
                                <div style="margin-left:
                                  88.5pt;line-height: normal;"> <font
                                    size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">2.<span
                                        style="font-stretch:
                                        normal;line-height: normal;">     
                                      </span></span><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">Information is
                                      present throughout nature, but its
                                      conversion to meaning requires
                                      organisms capable of recursive
                                      processing of it.</span></font> </div>
                                <div style="margin-left:
                                  88.5pt;line-height: normal;"> <font
                                    size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">3.<span
                                        style="font-stretch:
                                        normal;line-height: normal;">     
                                      </span></span><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">Meaning is
                                      constituted by all the information
                                      valuable to a living organism for
                                      its survival, reproduction and
                                      well-being.</span></font> </div>
                                <div style="margin-left:
                                  88.5pt;line-height: normal;"> <font
                                    size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">4.<span
                                        style="font-stretch:
                                        normal;line-height: normal;">     
                                      </span></span><span style="color:
                                      windowtext;">Information processes
                                      follow principles applicable to
                                      energy and energetic processes in
                                      general  </span></font> </div>
                                <div style="text-indent:
                                  0.0in;line-height: normal;"> <b><span
                                      style="color: windowtext;"><font
                                        size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                        sans-serif"> </font></span></b>
                                </div>
                                <div style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> <span
                                    style="color: windowtext;"
                                    lang="EN-GB"><font size="3"
                                      face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Many
                                      authors have noted the complexity
                                      of information and the difficulty
                                      of giving a ‘single, clear’
                                      definition of it. Attempts to do
                                      so are typical of standard
                                      substance ontologies, where firm
                                      definitions – identities - are
                                      automatically given preference.
                                      The failure of such attempts
                                      suggests that a major categorial
                                      error is being made. I therefore
                                      made the following lapidary
                                      statement:</font></span> </div>
                                <div style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> <span
                                    style="color: windowtext;"
                                    lang="EN-GB"><font size="3"
                                      face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif"> </font></span>
                                </div>
                                <div style="text-indent: 35.4pt;"> <b><span
                                      style="color: windowtext;"
                                      lang="EN-GB"><font size="3"
                                        face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif">Meaningful
                                        information is reality in
                                        potential form.</font></span></b>
                                </div>
                                <div> <span lang="EN-GB"><font size="3"
                                      face="trebuchet ms, sans-serif"> </font></span>
                                </div>
                                <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                    ms, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">It
                                      is derived from the Lupasco/LIR
                                      conception of consciousness which
                                      basically looks at the real
                                      dialectical interactions in and
                                      between internal and external, and
                                      internalizing and externalizing
                                      processes as they move between
                                      potentiality and actuality.</span></font>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">I suggest that the above
                                  can be placed in relation to
                                  Christophe's Systemic Theory of
                                  Meaning, most recently of March 2020,
                                  (his reference MENITA-7 below), which
                                  constitutes the primarily
                                  epistemological part of a more
                                  complete theory embodying my
                                  ontological ideas as well.</font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">These fit well, at least
                                  in my view, with Christophe's
                                  treatment of anxiety in which
                                  potential states are critical, also
                                  for emergence.</font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                </font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">Thank you and best wishes,</font>
                              </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif">Joseph</font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif" color="#000000"><b><br
                                      clear="none">
                                  </b></font> </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif"><b>De :</b> Christophe
                                  Menant <<a rel="nofollow noopener
                                    noreferrer noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                    style="cursor:
                                    pointer;text-decoration:
                                    underline;color: blue;"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>></font>
                              </div>
                              <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224divRplyFwdMsg">
                                <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                  sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><b>Envoyé
                                      :</b> dimanche 13 mars 2022 18:26<br
                                      clear="none">
                                    <b>À :</b><a rel="nofollow noopener
                                      noreferrer noreferrer"
                                      shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                      pointer;text-decoration:
                                      underline;color: blue;"
                                      moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>
                                    <<a rel="nofollow noopener
                                      noreferrer noreferrer"
                                      shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                      pointer;text-decoration:
                                      underline;color: blue;"
                                      moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><br
                                      clear="none">
                                    <b>Objet :</b> RE: RE: [Fis] How
                                    Molecules Became Signs. One Way Out.
                                    OFF-LINE for one point</font></font>
                                <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                    ms, sans-serif">   </font> </div>
                              </div>
                              <div dir="ltr">
                                <div style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">
                                  <div style="margin: 0.0cm;"> <span
                                      style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><font
                                        size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                        sans-serif">Joseph, </font></span>
                                  </div>
                                  <div style="margin: 0.0cm;"> <span
                                      style="color: black;" lang="EN-US"><font
                                        size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                        sans-serif">We can agree that a
                                        process transforms an input into
                                        an output.<br clear="none">
                                        Reverse engineering, as I know
                                        it,  is a tool to improve
                                        processes. We know what we want
                                        at the output. We look at how
                                        the process builds it in order
                                        to see if it is the best way to
                                        do so (other ways may exist and
                                        be better). <span> </span><br
                                          clear="none">
                                        The output is then the starting
                                        point. It needs to be clearly
                                        defined and understood to
                                        address possible improvements of
                                        the process that builds it.<br
                                          clear="none">
                                        Our case is about an
                                        evolutionary process that
                                        transforms meaningless states
                                        present in a-biotic matter into
                                        meaningful states present in
                                        living matter. We need there a
                                        precise definition of what is
                                        expected as output of the
                                        process (meaningful information)
                                        in order to look at how the
                                        evolutionary process may have
                                        produced it. <br clear="none">
                                         </font></span> </div>
                                  <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"> Best <br clear="none">
                                    Christophe </font> </div>
                                <hr style="display: inline-block;width:
                                  98.0%;">
                                <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224x_divRplyFwdMsg">
                                  <font size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                    sans-serif"><font color="#000000"><b>De
                                        :</b><a rel="nofollow noopener
                                        noreferrer noreferrer"
                                        shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                        pointer;text-decoration:
                                        underline;color: blue;"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>
                                      <<a rel="nofollow noopener
                                        noreferrer noreferrer"
                                        shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                        pointer;text-decoration:
                                        underline;color: blue;"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <b>Envoyé :</b> dimanche 13 mars
                                      2022 15:12<br clear="none">
                                      <b>À :</b><a rel="nofollow
                                        noopener noreferrer noreferrer"
                                        shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                        pointer;text-decoration:
                                        underline;color: blue;"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>
                                      <<a rel="nofollow noopener
                                        noreferrer noreferrer"
                                        shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                        pointer;text-decoration:
                                        underline;color: blue;"
                                        moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>><br
                                        clear="none">
                                      <b>Objet :</b> Re: RE: [Fis] How
                                      Molecules Became Signs. One Way
                                      Out. OFF-LINE for one point</font></font>
                                  <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                      ms, sans-serif">   </font> </div>
                                </div>
                                <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                    ms, sans-serif">Before giving a full
                                    response to your very promising
                                    note, please let me ask you one
                                    question about reverse engineering:
                                    is it really necessary to know the <i>outcome
                                    </i>of the process, which may be
                                    difficult or impossible? If
                                    Information IS Meaning, then the
                                    relative weight of actual and
                                    potential defines the probability of
                                    an outcome, not the outcome itself.
                                    Qu'est-ce que tu en dit? </font>
                                  <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                      ms, sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                    </font> </div>
                                  <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                      ms, sans-serif">Best, </font> </div>
                                  <div> <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                      ms, sans-serif">Joseph<br
                                        clear="none">
                                    </font>
                                    <blockquote style="margin-right:
                                      0.0px;margin-left: 15.0px;"> <font
                                        size="3" face="trebuchet ms,
                                        sans-serif"> ----Message
                                        d'origine---- <br clear="none">
                                        De : <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                          noreferrer noreferrer"
                                          shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                          pointer;text-decoration:
                                          underline;color: blue;"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a><br
                                          clear="none">
                                        Date : 13/03/2022 - 14:46 (CEST)
                                        <br clear="none">
                                        À : <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                          noreferrer noreferrer"
                                          shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                          pointer;text-decoration:
                                          underline;color: blue;"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a><br
                                          clear="none">
                                        Cc : <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                          noreferrer noreferrer"
                                          shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                          pointer;text-decoration:
                                          underline;color: blue;"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>,
                                        <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                          noreferrer noreferrer"
                                          shape="rect" style="cursor:
                                          pointer;text-decoration:
                                          underline;color: blue;"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">deacon@berkeley.edu</a><br
                                          clear="none">
                                        Objet : RE: [Fis] How Molecules
                                        Became Signs. One Way Out <br
                                          clear="none">
                                        <br clear="none">
                                      </font>
                                      <div style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">
                                        <div style="margin:
                                          0.0cm;background: white;"> <span
                                            style="color: black;border:
                                            none windowtext
                                            1.0pt;padding: 0.0cm;"
                                            lang="EN-US"><font size="3"
                                              face="trebuchet ms,
                                              sans-serif">Thanks Joseph
                                              for your position. <span> </span><br
                                                clear="none">
                                              <br clear="none">
                                              If I understand you well:<br
                                                clear="none">
                                              1) There is information
                                              and meaning in our world
                                              (I&M).<br clear="none">
                                              2) There is no information
                                              nor meaning in an
                                              a-biotic/inert world.<br
                                                clear="none">
                                              3) In that a-biotic/inert
                                              world there is only
                                              “potential for<span>
                                                information as meaning”.<br
                                                  clear="none">
                                                4) Information is
                                                defined in the process
                                                of its emergence from
                                                some energetic ground.<br
                                                  clear="none">
                                                <br clear="none">
                                                In addition, I feel we
                                                can say that:<br
                                                  clear="none">
                                                a) I&M can be
                                                defined (<a
                                                  rel="nofollow noopener
                                                  noreferrer noreferrer"
                                                  shape="rect"
href="https://nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FMENITA-7&data=04%7C01%7C%7C51d6eef991104b4f37b108da04fb8e0e%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637827775706215913%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=e2LmaRbblxmlDLTa90ByDnVicS4oek6hA%2Bjm4g4qb8c%3D&reserved=0"
                                                  style="color:
                                                  blue;text-decoration:
underline;background-color: rgb(255,255,255);" moz-do-not-send="true">https://philpapers.org/rec/MENITA-7</a>).<br
                                                  clear="none">
                                                b) Having from Terry his
                                                definitions for I&M
                                                would allow a better
                                                understanding of the
                                                “potential for<span>
                                                  information as
                                                  meaning” and of the
                                                  “process of
                                                  emergence”.<br
                                                    clear="none">
                                                  This is about the well
                                                  known reverse
                                                  engineering activity
                                                  where the outcome of a
                                                  process is available,
                                                  and when we look for
                                                  some understanding
                                                  about the process
                                                  itself. The more we
                                                  know about the outcome
                                                  of the process, the
                                                  more we can pretend
                                                  understanding the
                                                  process.<br
                                                    clear="none">
                                                  Here we need to
                                                  clearly know the
                                                  outcome of the
                                                  process. We need
                                                  definitions for
                                                  I&M by Terry.
                                                  Their availability is
                                                  needed to look at
                                                  understanding the
                                                  “potential for<span>
                                                    information as
                                                    meaning” and the
                                                    “process of
                                                    emergence”.<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    <br clear="none">
                                                  </span><span
                                                    lang="EN-US">All the
                                                    best   </span></span></span></font></span>
                                        </div>
                                        <div style="margin:
                                          0.0cm;background: white;"> <span><font
                                              size="3" face="trebuchet
                                              ms, sans-serif"><span
                                                style="color:
                                                black;border: none
                                                windowtext
                                                1.0pt;padding: 0.0cm;"
                                                lang="EN-US">Christophe</span><span
                                                style="color: black;"
                                                lang="EN-US">   </span></font></span>
                                        </div>
                                        <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                          ms, sans-serif"><br
                                            clear="none">
                                        </font> </div>
                                      <hr style="display:
                                        inline-block;width: 98.0%;">
                                      <div dir="ltr"
id="m_-5539329188760592131yiv1326578568m_3856625230938336224x_x_divRplyFwdMsg">
                                        <font size="3" face="trebuchet
                                          ms, sans-serif"><font
                                            color="#000000"><b>De :</b><a
                                              rel="nofollow noopener
                                              noreferrer noreferrer"
                                              shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>
                                            <<a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer
                                              noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
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                                              moz-do-not-send="true">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><br
                                              clear="none">
                                            <b>Envoyé :</b> dimanche 13
                                            mars 2022 11:51<br
                                              clear="none">
                                            <b>À :</b><a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer
                                              noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>
                                            <<a rel="nofollow
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                                              style="cursor:
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                                              moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a>><br
                                              clear="none">
                                            <b>Cc :</b><a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer
                                              noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
                                            <<a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer
                                              noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>>;
                                            <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                              noreferrer noreferrer"
                                              shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>
                                            <<a rel="nofollow
                                              noopener noreferrer
                                              noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                              style="cursor:
                                              pointer;text-decoration:
                                              underline;color: blue;"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>><br
                                              clear="none">
                                            <b>Objet :</b> Re: [Fis] How
                                            Molecules Became Signs. One
                                            Way Out</font></font>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">   </font> </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div> <font size="3"
                                          face="trebuchet ms,
                                          sans-serif">Dear Friends and
                                          Colleagues, </font>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">There is one way
                                            out of the dilemma which has
                                            not been directly refuted.
                                            When Christophe and others
                                            ask if can we talk of
                                            information in an a-biotic
                                            or pre-biotic world, if
                                            information means something
                                            actual, present, the answer
                                            is no. If one asks instead
                                            did  the <i>potential </i>
                                            for  information as meaning
                                            exist, the answer for me is
                                            yes.  </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">An additional
                                            statement must be added,
                                            otherwise the above is no
                                            more than a trivial
                                            tautology. It is that
                                            information is defined in
                                            the process of its emergence
                                            from some energetic ground.
                                            Since no process, nothing <i>in
                                              process</i> is complete,
                                            complete and <b>incomplete
                                            </b>parts of the process are
                                            present simultaneously and
                                            dynamically. The locus of
                                            this "nascent" information
                                            is the detailed
                                            physico-chemical structure
                                            of the living entities
                                            involved and their
                                            non-living constituents.
                                            These or parts of them move
                                            from actual to potential and
                                            <i>vice versa </i>and this
                                            movement is what ultimately
                                            defines their meaning. </font>
                                        </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">One reading of
                                            the above is that I have
                                            given a new interpretation
                                            of the nature of a sign. I
                                            would gladly accept this,
                                            provided it can be
                                            subsequently decided whether
                                            or not the concept of sign
                                            adds further information. It
                                            may not. </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">Thank you and
                                            best wishes, </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif">Joseph </font>
                                        </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div> <font size="3"
                                            face="trebuchet ms,
                                            sans-serif"><br clear="none">
                                          </font> </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <blockquote
                                            style="margin-right:
                                            0.0px;margin-left: 15.0px;">
                                            <font size="3"
                                              face="trebuchet ms,
                                              sans-serif"> ----Message
                                              d'origine---- <br
                                                clear="none">
                                              De : <a rel="nofollow
                                                noopener noreferrer
                                                noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                                style="cursor:
                                                pointer;text-decoration:
                                                underline;color: blue;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">christophe.menant@hotmail.fr</a><br
                                                clear="none">
                                              Date : 13/03/2022 - 00:02
                                              (CEST) <br clear="none">
                                              À : <a rel="nofollow
                                                noopener noreferrer
                                                noreferrer" shape="rect"
                                                style="cursor:
                                                pointer;text-decoration:
                                                underline;color: blue;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>,
                                              <a rel="nofollow noopener
                                                noreferrer noreferrer"
                                                shape="rect"
                                                style="cursor:
                                                pointer;text-decoration:
                                                underline;color: blue;"
                                                moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br
                                                clear="none">
                                              Objet : [Fis] How
                                              Molecules Became Signs <br
                                                clear="none">
                                              <br clear="none">
                                            </font>
                                            <div style="color:
                                              rgb(0,0,0);"> <font
                                                size="3" face="trebuchet
                                                ms, sans-serif">Dear
                                                Friends, <br
                                                  clear="none">
                                              </font> </div>
                                            <div dir="ltr">
                                              <div style="color:
                                                rgb(0,0,0);"> <span
                                                  style="background-color:
rgb(255,255,255);display: inline;"><span style="border: 1.0pt none
                                                    windowtext;padding:
                                                    0.0cm;" lang="EN-US"><font
                                                      size="3"
                                                      face="trebuchet
                                                      ms, sans-serif">that
                                                      war is a horrible
                                                      drama for innocent
                                                      civilians. And I
                                                      agree with your
                                                      comments.<br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                      Our FIS
                                                      discussions cannot
                                                      bring much help to
                                                      that human drama,
                                                      but our tentative
                                                      analysis of what
                                                      is “information”
                                                      may somehow lead
                                                      to a better
                                                      understanding of
                                                      human motivations
                                                      guide behaviors. </font><br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    <font
                                                      style="font-size:
                                                      12.0pt;"
                                                      face="Times New
                                                      Roman, serif"> Let
                                                      me add another
                                                      comment to Terry’s
                                                      work. </font><br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                  </span><b
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    14.6667px;font-family:
                                                    Calibri ,
                                                    sans-serif;"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family: New serif;color: rgb(42,42,42);" lang="EN-US"><br
                                                        clear="none">
                                                    </span></b><a
                                                    rel="nofollow
                                                    noopener noreferrer
                                                    noreferrer"
                                                    shape="rect"
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    14.6667px;font-family:
                                                    Calibri ,
                                                    sans-serif;"
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                                      style="font-size:
12.0pt;font-family: New serif;color: rgb(42,42,42);" lang="EN-US">Dear
                                                      Terry</span></a><span
                                                    style="font-size:
                                                    12.0pt;font-family:
                                                    New serif;color:
                                                    rgb(42,42,42);"
                                                    lang="EN-US">, <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    In addition to my
                                                    Feb 23 post I would
                                                    appreciate some
                                                    information on parts
                                                    of your paper I may
                                                    not have understood
                                                    that well. <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Regarding the
                                                    concept of
                                                    information, you
                                                    consider that
                                                    information in a
                                                    pragmatic-functional
                                                    sense can be
                                                    understood in terms
                                                    of molecular
                                                    evolution. <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    This brings to
                                                    consider that
                                                    “information” is
                                                    present in an
                                                    a-biotic or
                                                    pre-biotic world (a
                                                    purely molecular
                                                    world). Such
                                                    pre-biotic world has
                                                    existed before the
                                                    emergence of life in
                                                    our universe. But
                                                    can we talk of
                                                    information and
                                                    meaning, of signs,
                                                    in such a world? How
                                                    should they be
                                                    understood in a
                                                    purely material
                                                    world devoid of
                                                    living entities? <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    As said,<span>  </span>it
                                                    would be nice if you
                                                    could clarify these
                                                    points by making
                                                    available
                                                    definitions for
                                                    information, meaning
                                                    and sign in such an
                                                    a-biotic world. This
                                                    would allow a better
                                                    understanding of
                                                    your starting point.<br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Also, I do not see
                                                    that well using the
                                                    Peircean term of
                                                    “Interpretant” for
                                                    an inert world. We
                                                    know that the
                                                    Interpretant (the
                                                    meaning) needs an
                                                    Interpreter (the
                                                    meaning generator).
                                                    So introducing
                                                    Interpretants in
                                                    your paper also
                                                    brings to introduce
                                                    Interpreters in an
                                                    inert world. Your
                                                    sentence “In
                                                    Peircean terms, this
                                                    amounts to asking
                                                    what sort of
                                                    molecular system is
                                                    competent to produce
                                                    the Interpretants”
                                                    is equivalent to:
                                                    “what sort of
                                                    molecular system is
                                                    competent to
                                                    generate meanings”.
                                                    I’m not sure that
                                                    meaning generation
                                                    by a molecular
                                                    system <span
                                                      style="background-color:
rgb(255,255,255);display: inline;"> in a purely material and inert
                                                      world </span>can
                                                    be clearly
                                                    understood by today
                                                    science or
                                                    philosophy. And I do
                                                    not remember Peirce
                                                    theory of sign being
                                                    about inert matter.
                                                    Could you tel us
                                                    more about your
                                                    position on these
                                                    subject? <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Thanks again for
                                                    your time <br
                                                      clear="none">
                                                    Christophe</span><br
                                                    clear="none">
                                                </span> </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <br clear="none">
                                          </blockquote>
                                          <br clear="none">
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <br clear="none">
                                    </blockquote>
                                    <br clear="none">
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <br clear="none">
                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                          <br clear="none">
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                  </div>
                </font> </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
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      <pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL

Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a>
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es">http://listas.unizar.es</a>
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