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.quote { margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; border-left: 5px #ebebeb solid; padding-left: 0.3em; }--></style></head><body><div>Dear Joseph: </div><div><br /></div><div>Let me try to respond:</div>
<div><br /></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><blockquote cite="2010366709.6282.1644568914522@bluewin.ch" type="cite" class="cite2"><div><pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap=""><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: "trebuchet ms";">I find throughout our discussion (and many others) an <i>under-emphasis </i>not<i> </i>to say neglect of ontological perspectives which are linked to science by their relation to the dynamics of thought. </span></pre></div></blockquote><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3">If I correctly understand you, this is Descartes' question or perhaps, upside down: "The dynamics of thought" is equivalent to Descartes' <i>cogito</i>, isn't it? </font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span><br /></span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3">Descartes then invokes the <i>Veracitas Dei </i>for answering the question about the existence of Ego and the outside world. The question of the existence of God is covered by the ontological proof (which I do not here repeat). </font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><br /></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3">Kant found Descartes' discussion very good, but noted that the proof of God is not convincing. It follows that one can remain agnostic. In other words, this question does not have to be answered. (In other words, one can proceed to doing science.) </font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><br /></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3">Is that an answer to your question? </font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><br /></font><blockquote cite="2010366709.6282.1644568914522@bluewin.ch" type="cite" class="cite2"><div><pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">One term used by Pedro captures almost everything I am trying to say: "inter-individual bonding". Change and an "science-philosophy" (the term is of Wu Kun) of change is immediately implied since such bonding like any real bonding is a dynamic process, with an ethical dimension 'built in'. The role of information, at the interface between ontology and epistemology, also appears in a more functional way. I hope that others may suggest other and better relations between these concepts.</pre></div></blockquote><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span>These are questions which cannot be answered in the brief context of an email. If I correctly understand you, I would follow Parsons and Luhmann calling this interpenetration. </span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span><br /></span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span>In the case of interpenetration the 'bonding' is a consequence of both operational and structural coupling. (Maturana would not agree!) The two systems (e.g., communication and consciousness) make their complexity available for the other, so that the puzzle-solving capacity is enhanced.</span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span><br /></span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span>See my recent book for more details. It happens to be that we discuss Chapter 4 on Feb. 16. Chapter 4 addresses these issues.</span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><font face="trebuchet ms" size="3"><span><br /></span></font></div><div id="x52a362b4ad694a8"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 47.75pt;line-height:normal;"><big><b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><br />
Wednesday, <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/j/9116543210?pwd=RkJWR0JtaDRVYTRNZE5yUVAxbVQ2Zz09">Feb
16, 2022</a></span></b><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"> -
Chapter 4 - Towards a Calculus of Redundancy. </span></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 74.75pt;text-indent:-27pt;line-height:normal;"><big><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">Comments
by</span><span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><br />
</span></big></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 74.75pt;text-indent:-27pt;line-height:normal;"><big><span style="font-size:7pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;">
</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;"><a href="https://hse-ru.academia.edu/IngaIvanova">Inga
Ivanova</a> (HSE Univ., Moscow, Russia).<br />
<a href="https://campuslibraryiue.academia.edu/LarryRichards">Larry Richards</a> (Mgmt. & Engineering, Indiana
Univ. East, USA).<br />
</span><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Diana-Lucio-Arias" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Diana-Lucio-Arias&source=gmail&ust=1636269064341000&usg=AFQjCNFZMdqL0ui62g6Ad9hTn4FKlAtDKw" style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;">Diana
Lucio</a><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;">
(Pontifical Xavierian Univ., Columbia</span><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;">).</span></big></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 74.75pt;text-indent:-27pt;line-height:normal;"><big><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><br /></span></big></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 74.75pt;text-indent:-27pt;line-height:normal;"><big><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;">Abstract: </span></big></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0in 74.75pt;text-indent:-27pt;line-height:normal;"><big></big></p><div id="x0de01077190e4beb99af6e8fb1eea6f0" style="tab-interval:.5in;word-wrap:break-word">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0.55pt;margin-right:0.15in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0.15in;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:9.9pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-layout-grid-align:auto;punctuation-wrap:simple;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;mso-line-break-override:restrictions;vertical-align:baseline;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12pt;">In this chapter, I extend
Shannon’s linear model of communication into a model in which communication is
differentiated both vertically and horizontally (Simon,<span style="color:blue;">
1973).</span> Following Weaver<span style="color:blue;"> (1949),</span> three
layers are distinguished operating in relation to one another: (<i>i</i>) at level A, the events are sequenced
historically along the arrow of time, generating Shannon-type information (that
is, uncertainty); (<i>ii</i>) the incursion
of meanings at level B is referential to (<i>iii</i>)
horizons of meaning spanned by codes in the communication at level C. In other
words, <i>relations </i>at level A are first
distinguished from <i>correlations </i>among
patterns of relations and non-relations at level B. The correlations span a
vector space on top of the network of relations. <i>Relations are positioned </i>in this vector space and can then be
provided with meaning. Different positions provide other perspectives and
horizons of meaning. Perspectives can overlap, for example, in Triple-Helix
relations. Overlapping perspectives can generate redundancies—that is, new
options—as a result of synergies.<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote cite="2010366709.6282.1644568914522@bluewin.ch" type="cite" class="cite2"><div><pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap=""><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: "trebuchet ms";">Best,</span></pre><pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap=""><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: "trebuchet ms";">Joseph</span></pre></div></blockquote><div><br /></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="xc0844dfb109a482">
<div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size: 9pt;">_______________</font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size: 9pt;"><a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030599508"></a>Loet Leydesdorff</font></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size: 9pt;"><br /></font></b></p><div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8"><p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" style="line-height:normal;"><b><font style="font-size: 9pt;" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-59951-5">"The Evolutionary Dynamics of Discusive Knowledge"</a>(Open Access)</font></b></p></div><div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8"></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size: 8pt;">Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font style="font-size: 8pt;" face="Times New Roman">
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font style="font-size: 8pt;" face="Times New Roman"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net </a>; <a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</a>
<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);"><font style="font-size: 8pt;" face="Times New Roman">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</font></a></p></div><div id="x37dfff32a36b4410ad8e891fea6bb1b8"><font style="font-size: 8pt;" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" style="line-height:normal;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);"><font style="font-size: 8pt;"><font style="font-size: 8pt;" face="Times New Roman">ORCID: <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098</a>; </font><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40" style="line-height:normal;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);"></p></div>
</div></div><blockquote cite="2010366709.6282.1644568914522@bluewin.ch" type="cite" class="cite2"><div><pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap=""><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: "trebuchet ms";"><br /></span></pre></div><div><p></p></div></blockquote></div>
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