<div style="color:black;font: 10pt Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">jerry, thanks.
<div><br>
</div>

<div>fascinating info.<br>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">with warmth and oomph--howard</span><br>
<br>
<br>

<div style="font-family:arial,helvetica;font-size:10pt;color:black"><font size="2">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Pedro C. Marijuan <pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es><br>
To: 'fis' <fis@listas.unizar.es><br>
Sent: Mon, Feb 8, 2021 12:48 pm<br>
Subject: [Fis] Fwd: Jerry--Communications theory? Re:  Session closing<br>
<br>

<div id="yiv4873425677">
  
    
  
  
<div>
    <br class="yiv4873425677">
    
<div class="yiv4873425677moz-forward-container">From Jerry Chandler:</div>

    
<div class="yiv4873425677moz-forward-container"><br>

    </div>

    
<div class="yiv4873425677moz-forward-container">On Feb 3, 2021, at 5:36 PM,
      Howard Bloom <<a ymailto="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" href="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">howlbloom@aol.com</a>> wrote:<br class="yiv4873425677Apple-interchange-newline">
      
<div>
        <blockquote type="cite" class="yiv4873425677">
          
<div class="yiv4873425677">
            
<div style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10pt;line-height:normal;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="yiv4873425677">jerry, thanks for this.
              
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
              </div>

              
<div class="yiv4873425677">correct me if i'm wrong, but entropy did not
                give us the steam engine, the steam engine gave us the
                concept of entropy.  <br class="yiv4873425677">
                <br class="yiv4873425677">
                the steam engine was first patented in 1698.  the
                concept of entropy was first put forth in 1865.  eight
                generations later.</div>

              
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
              </div>

              
<div class="yiv4873425677">so the claims about all the wonders that the
                concept of entropy has produced are, alas, false.</div>

              
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
              </div>

              
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:13.3333px;" class="yiv4873425677">with
                  warmth and oomph—howard</span><br class="yiv4873425677">
              </div>

            </div>

          </div>

        </blockquote>
        
<div><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">List, Howard, Pedro:</div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;"><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">Howard, you asked for a
          correction; wisely so.</div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;"><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">The history of the concept of
          entropy is embedded in the mathematics of the multiple
          concepts of energy and changes of forms of energy.  The
          scientific exchanges between roughly 1860-1920 explored the
          energy forms of matter not only between solids, liquids and
          gases, but also between mechanics and thermochemistry.  </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;"><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">In order to read and interpret
          these manuscripts, one has to keep in mind that  the atomic
          theory of matter and the atomic table of elements were under
          conceptual development during this period.  This is not light
          reading from a historical perspective.</div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;"><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">A recent article analyses the
          lines of thought.  The following paragraph from the
          introduction of this 70 page paper introduces some of the
          confusion that existed:</div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;"><br class="yiv4873425677">
        </div>

        
<div style="font-size:14px;">
          
<div class="yiv4873425677page" title="Page 6">
            
<div class="yiv4873425677layoutArea">
              
<div class="yiv4873425677column">
                
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';" class="yiv4873425677">About the same time
                    with the emergence of thermochemistry, Rudolf
                    Clausius, William Thomson, and William John Macquorn
                    Rankine formulated the second law of thermodynamics.
                    From the first day of its appearance, even after
                    1870, the interpretation of the second law was
                    disputed. The two main interpretations based on the
                    available energy (Thomson) or the entropy (Clausius)
                    were surrounded by much confusion. The concept of
                    entropy, introduced in 1865 by Clausius, created
                    further ambiguities in the interpretation and
                    possible applications of thermodynam- ics. Entropy
                    appeared to be an unnecessary ingredient of
                    thermodynamics, and even its inventor paid
                    relatively little importance to this concept.
                    Clausius was uncer- tain about its meaning and
                    significance. Thomson never used entropy. James
                    Clerk Maxwell misinterpreted the entropy concept
                    equating the unavailable energy with entropy. He
                    printed these remarks on entropy in his book the </span><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';font-style:italic;" class="yiv4873425677">Theory of Heat </span><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';" class="yiv4873425677">and continued to misinterpret Clausius in
                    the next two publications (1872). He finally
                    corrected this error when he had read Gibbs’ work on
                    thermodynamics (Garber </span><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';color:rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 100.000000%);" class="yiv4873425677">1969</span><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';" class="yiv4873425677">, p.
                    150). In the 1860s and 1870s, thermodynamics was
                    still a young, incom- pletely understood theory. Its
                    basic concepts and methods were still in flux; its
                    scope was not fully appreciated (especially by
                    chemists), and there were still dreams of perpetual
                    motion of the second kind.</span><span style="font-size:7.000000pt;font-family:'STIX';color:rgb(0.000000%, 0.000000%, 100.000000%);vertical-align:4.000000pt;" class="yiv4873425677">6 </span></div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                  
<div class="yiv4873425677page" title="Page 1">
                    
<div class="yiv4873425677layoutArea">
                      
<div class="yiv4873425677column">
                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:8.000000pt;font-family:'MyriadPro';font-weight:600;" class="yiv4873425677">Archive for History of Exact
                            Sciences (2021) 75:175–248 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00407-020-00259-8</a>
                          </span></div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:13.000000pt;font-family:'MyriadPro';font-weight:600;" class="yiv4873425677">Impact of Gibbs’ and Duhem’s
                            approaches<br class="yiv4873425677">
                            to thermodynamics on the development of
                            chemical thermodynamics </span></div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:10.000000pt;font-family:'MyriadPro';font-weight:600;" class="yiv4873425677">Photis Dais</span><span style="font-size:7.000000pt;font-family:'MyriadPro';font-weight:600;vertical-align:4.000000pt;" class="yiv4873425677">1,2 </span></div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span style="font-size:8.000000pt;font-family:'MyriadPro';font-weight:600;" class="yiv4873425677">Received: 5 May 2020 / Published
                            online: 2 September 2020<br class="yiv4873425677">
                            © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of
                            Springer Nature 2020 </span></div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">(Available on Research Gate)</div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                        </div>

                      </div>

                    </div>

                  </div>

                </div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">The mathematical relationships that
                  related the energy transitions between solids, liquids
                  and gases, co-mingled with energy changes from
                  transformations of chemical forms (combustion,
                  electrolysis, syntheses, etc) led to modern
                  thermodynamics.  The academic consequences of these
                  mathematical formulations of natural and artificial
                  processes was the creation of the science of “physical
                  chemistry”, a hybrid science and often a separate
                  academic department.  </div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                </div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">During the period of 1855 - 1912, the
                  polymath C S Peirce wrote widely on the
                  interrelationships between chemistry, logic and
                  mathematics as well as philosophy.  These logical
                  entanglement underlie the development of mathematical
                  category theory as well as the massive confusions of
                  the bizarre narratives that embrace current views of
                  the mathematics of “complexity theory” and information
                  theory.</div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                </div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">Howard, your bizarre conclusion:</div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                  <blockquote type="cite" style="font-size:12px;" class="yiv4873425677">
                    
<div class="yiv4873425677" style="font-stretch:normal;font-size:10pt;line-height:normal;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
                      
<div class="yiv4873425677">the steam engine was first patented
                        in 1698.  the concept of entropy was first put
                        forth in 1865.  eight generations later.</div>

                      
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                      </div>

                      
<div class="yiv4873425677">so the claims about all the wonders
                        that the concept of entropy has produced are,
                        alas, false.</div>

                      
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                      </div>

                    </div>

                  </blockquote>
                </div>

                
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                  
<div class="yiv4873425677page" title="Page 1">
                    
<div class="yiv4873425677layoutArea">
                      
<div class="yiv4873425677column">
                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">Should be analyzed in light of the
                          historical facts. </div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">The perplexity of nature is beyond
                          our imaginations…. But within the narrow
                          framework of biological thermodynamics, the
                          useful energy gained from metabolism that is
                          incorporated into the anatomical structures of
                          life corresponds with the mathematical concept
                          of “syntropy";  the wasted energy that
                          emanates from living systems as heat
                          corresponds with the mathematical concept of
                          “entropy”.  </div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"> Cheers</div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">Jerry </div>

                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677">
                        </div>

                      </div>

                    </div>

                  </div>

                </div>

              </div>

            </div>

          </div>

        </div>

        <br class="yiv4873425677">
        <blockquote type="cite" class="yiv4873425677">
          
<div class="yiv4873425677">
            
<div style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10pt;line-height:normal;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class="yiv4873425677">
              
<div class="yiv4873425677"> <br class="yiv4873425677">
                
<div style="font-family:arial, helvetica;font-size:10pt;" class="yiv4873425677">-----Original Message-----<br class="yiv4873425677">
                  From: Jerry LR Chandler <<a ymailto="mailto:jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com" href="mailto:jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com</a>><br class="yiv4873425677">
                  To: <a ymailto="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fis@listas.unizar.es</a> <<a ymailto="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>><br class="yiv4873425677">
                  Cc: Howard Bloom <<a ymailto="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" href="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">howlbloom@aol.com</a>>;
                  Pedro Marijuan <<a ymailto="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>>;
                  Arieh Ben-Naim <<a ymailto="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" href="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" class="yiv4873425677" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ariehbennaim@gmail.com</a>><br class="yiv4873425677">
                  Sent: Wed, Feb 3, 2021 6:22 pm<br class="yiv4873425677">
                  Subject: Communications theory? Re: [Fis] Session
                  closing<br class="yiv4873425677">
                  <br class="yiv4873425677">
                  
<div id="yiv4873425677" class="yiv4873425677">
                    
<div class="yiv4873425677">List, Arieh, Howard:  
                      
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                      </div>

                      
<div class="yiv4873425677">IMO, This discussion of
                        entropy was accompanied by both gaps and gluts,
                        neither uncommon in such interdisciplinary
                        occasions. <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                          
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            <blockquote class="yiv4873425677" type="cite">
                              
<div class="yiv4873425677">On Feb 2, 2021,
                                at 9:19 AM, Arieh Ben-Naim <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" href="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ariehbennaim@gmail.com</a>>
                                wrote:</div>

                            </blockquote>
                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            <blockquote class="yiv4873425677" type="cite">
                              
<div class="yiv4873425677">The blunder is
                                neither the concept of entropy nor the “
                                theory of entropy” but the way people
                                misused and misinterpreted entropy.</div>

                            </blockquote>
                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">This assertion should be
                              underscored and placed in bold <b class="yiv4873425677">CAPS</b>.</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">The communications gaps
                              illustrated in this discussion is the gap
                              between dichotomy and dualism; that is,
                              the logic of politics (see Plumwood).</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">The concept of entropy, as
                              part of the empirical sciences, has played
                              a critical role in the taming of the
                              natural forces and harnessing the flow of
                              work from machines, freeing human energies
                              for other purposes while concomitantly
                              amplifying the natural forces efficiently.
                               How was this achieved?  By understanding
                              FIRST the mathematics of ideal gas laws
                              with respect to volume, pressure and
                              temperature and then recognizing that  
                              triadic relationships among volume,
                              pressure and temperature could be used to
                              create motion within machines and that
                              this motion could be channeled to useful
                              work.  The concept of entropy was
                              introduced to quantify the inefficiency of
                              the conversion of “energy” into work, that
                              the ideality of gas laws was NOT perfect,
                              but it was very practical.  Work is
                              harvested to create useful benefits
                              designed for human purposes.  Thus,
                              metaphorically, the concept of entropy as
                              NOT useful work, is semantically analogous
                              to other forms of natural wastes, such as
                              feces, dung, shit, urine, etc. </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">Thus, the two scientific
                              terms, roughly speaking, work (syntropy)
                              and entropy, are dual terms with respect
                              to useful and useless.</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">The mathematics of
                              thermodynamics, as Pedro as pointed toward
                              and that is taught in every undergraduate
                              physics and engineering curriculum,
                              necessarily requires a closed system and
                              other terms that relate the forms of
                              energy.  The quantitative theory of TD
                              requires these other conceptual terms in
                              order to make empirical calculations. The
                              glut that I perceive in this discussion is
                              one of the dichotomy of semantic
                              ignorance.  Howard, Stan and others
                              intentionally ignore the bigger
                              mathematical necessities and choose to
                              wander into unrelated territories where
                              other symbolic meanings of these
                              mathematical symbols occur.</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">The gap in this discussion was
                              and is the ignorance of the role of TD
                              equations in natural material processes
                              that are not necessarily related to the
                              ideal gas laws.  These equations relate
                              energy changes at constant temperature and
                              pressure.  Such equations are based on the
                              law of mass action and relate changes of
                              form to heat production.  The equations
                              are electrically- related equations that
                              change patterns between natural sorts and
                              kinds.  The natural differences drive
                              electromotive forces toward equilibrium.
                               The five preceding sentences are
                              expressed in physical terminology and
                              refer to chemical changes of reactions and
                              of course, biological catalysis. This gap
                              in understanding of the meaning of a
                              chemical reaction and the change of
                              identity of material forms results in a
                              serious omission.  The omission is the
                              critical role of the mathematics of energy
                              transformations in the maintenance of
                              life, the syntropism of metabolism.  And,
                              of course, the emergence and evolution of
                              life. </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">Amazingly, more than five
                              decades have past since I read C. P.
                              Snow’s, The Two Cultures.  While some
                              progress has been made, the gaps and gluts
                              of misrepresentations, misunderstandings
                              and misinformations persist.  The logic of
                              the political-scientific forms of “Long
                              live Trumpisms” appears to be in play.</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">Cheers</div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677">Jerry  </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            </div>

                            <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                            <blockquote class="yiv4873425677" type="cite"><br class="yiv4873425677Apple-interchange-newline" clear="none">
                              
<div class="yiv4873425677">Dear Howard,
                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">Although you
                                  said that you agree with me, I feel I
                                  do not agree, neither with your email,
                                  nor with what you wrote on entropy in
                                  God Problem.</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">Entropy, is a
                                  well defined, well interpreted and
                                  very useful quantity in
                                  thermodynamics.</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">The blunder
                                  is neither the concept of entropy nor
                                  the “ theory of entropy” but the way
                                  people misused and misinterpreted
                                  entropy.</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">In your book
                                  you mention “Entropy’s error” and that
                                  the “notion of entropy is wrong”</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">I certainly
                                  do not agree with you on that.</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">I am now
                                  working on a book which tentatively is
                                  called “ The Science of God” where I
                                  criticize those who use scientific
                                  ideas ( including entropy and the
                                  second law) in connection with God.</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">All the best</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">Arieh</div>

                                
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                  On Monday, February 1, 2021, Howard
                                  Bloom <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" href="mailto:howlbloom@aol.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">howlbloom@aol.com</a>>
                                  wrote:<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                  <blockquote class="yiv4873425677gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
                                    
<div class="yiv4873425677" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:10pt;line-height:normal;font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Arieh,
                                      hi,
                                      
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                      </div>

                                      
<div class="yiv4873425677">i agree
                                        completely with your statement
                                        that entropy may be the biggest
                                        blunder in the history of
                                        science.  it may be the piltdown
                                        man of modern scientific theory.
                                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                        </div>

                                        
<div class="yiv4873425677">for
                                          more on why the theory of
                                          entropy is radically wrong,
                                          see my book The God Problem:
                                          How a Godless Cosmos
                                          Creates.  </div>

                                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                        </div>

                                        
<div class="yiv4873425677"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">with
                                            warmth and oomph--howard</span><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                          <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                          <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                          
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">-----Original
                                                Message-----</span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">From:
                                                Arieh Ben-Naim <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" href="mailto:ariehbennaim@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">ariehbennaim@gmail.com</a>></span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">To:
                                                Pedro C. Marijuan <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>></span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">Cc:
                                                fis <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>></span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">Sent:
                                                Sun, Jan 31, 2021 3:00
                                                am</span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:10pt;">Subject:
                                                Re: [Fis] Session
                                                closing</span></font><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677" style="font-family:arial, helvetica;font-size:10pt;">
                                              
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                                                
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">Dear
                                                    All,</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">and
                                                    special thanks to
                                                    Pedro.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  </div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">I
                                                    do not have any
                                                    further comments,
                                                    beyond what I
                                                    already wrote on
                                                    entropy and life.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  </div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">Perhaps
                                                    I can add one
                                                    comment, which is
                                                    irrelevant to
                                                    misuses of entropy
                                                    for life.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">It
                                                    concerns the misuses
                                                    of entropy to the
                                                    entire universe.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">I
                                                    believe that entropy
                                                    is not definable to
                                                    the entire universe,
                                                    not in the present,
                                                    not in the future
                                                    and not in the past
                                                    universe.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">Yet,
                                                    there are whole
                                                    books discussing the
                                                    meaningless “low
                                                    entropy of the
                                                    universe, near the
                                                    Big Bang”</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">I
                                                    have discussed this
                                                    topic in great
                                                    details in my recent
                                                    book:</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">ENTROPY:
                                                    The Greatest Blunder
                                                    in the History of
                                                    Science.</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  </div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">All
                                                    the best,</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677"> keep
                                                    yourselves happy and
                                                    healthy,</div>

                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">Arieh</div>

                                                  <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                                                    
<div class="yiv4873425677">
                                                      
<div class="yiv4873425677">On
                                                        Sat, Jan 30,
                                                        2021 at 15:04
                                                        Pedro C.
                                                        Marijuan <<a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>> wrote:<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                      </div>

                                                      <blockquote class="yiv4873425677" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">Dear
                                                        All,<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        We are in the
                                                        last days of
                                                        January.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        It means, unless
                                                        there is some
                                                        closing closing
                                                        comments by our
                                                        Lecturer, <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        the end of the
                                                        current New Year
                                                        Lecture.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        This has been a
                                                        nice occasion to
                                                        share comments
                                                        on all the
                                                        abuses and <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        misconceptions
                                                        around Entropy
                                                        of Life.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Thanks to Arieh
                                                        and all the
                                                        participants.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Take a lot of
                                                        care in these
                                                        difficult
                                                        times!!<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Best --Pedro<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        -- <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
------------------------------ -------------------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Pedro C.
                                                        Marijuán<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Grupo de
                                                        Bioinformación /
                                                        Bioinformation
                                                        Group<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://sites.google.com/site/
pedrocmarijuan/</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
------------------------------ -------------------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        -- <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        El software de
                                                        antivirus Avast
                                                        ha analizado
                                                        este correo
                                                        electrónico en
                                                        busca de virus.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="https://www.avast.com/antivirus" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://www.avast.com/
                                                          antivirus</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
______________________________ _________________<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Fis mailing list<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-
                                                          bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        ----------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        INFORMACIN SOBRE
                                                        PROTECCIN DE
                                                        DATOS DE CARCTER
                                                        PERSONAL<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Ud. recibe este
                                                        correo por
                                                        pertenecer a una
                                                        lista de correo
                                                        gestionada por
                                                        la Universidad
                                                        de Zaragoza.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Puede encontrar
                                                        toda la
                                                        informacin sobre
                                                        como tratamos
                                                        sus datos en el
                                                        siguiente
                                                        enlace: <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://sicuz.unizar.es/
                                                          informacion-sobre-proteccion-
de-datos-de-caracter-personal- en-listas</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        Recuerde que si
                                                        est suscrito a
                                                        una lista
                                                        voluntaria Ud.
                                                        puede darse de
                                                        baja desde la
                                                        propia aplicacin
                                                        en el momento en
                                                        que lo desee.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://listas.unizar.es/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://listas.unizar.es</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                        ----------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                      </blockquote>
                                                    </div>

                                                  </div>

                                                </div>

                                                -- <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                
<div class="yiv4873425677" dir="ltr">Prof. Arieh
                                                  Ben-Naim<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  Department of Physical
                                                  Chemistry<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  The Hebrew University
                                                  of Jerusalem<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  Jerusalem, 91904<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                  Israel</div>

                                              </div>

                                            </div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677" style="font-family:arial, helvetica;font-size:10pt;">______________________________
                                              _________________<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              Fis mailing list<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" ymailto="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-
                                                bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              ----------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              INFORMACIÓN SOBRE
                                              PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE
                                              CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              Ud. recibe este correo por
                                              pertenecer a una lista de
                                              correo gestionada por la
                                              Universidad de Zaragoza.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              Puede encontrar toda la
                                              información sobre como
                                              tratamos sus datos en el
                                              siguiente enlace: <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://sicuz.unizar.es/
informacion-sobre-proteccion- de-datos-de-caracter-personal- en-listas</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              Recuerde que si está
                                              suscrito a una lista
                                              voluntaria Ud. puede darse
                                              de baja desde la propia
                                              aplicación en el momento
                                              en que lo desee.<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://listas.unizar.es/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">http://listas.unizar.es</a><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                              ----------<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                            </div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">__________________________</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Howard Bloom</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;"><a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="http://howardbloom.net/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Howardbloom.net</a></span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">trailer for BRIC-TV's 66-minute film,The
                                                  Grand Unified Theory
                                                  of Howard Bloom,  <a shape="rect" class="yiv4873425677" href="https://youtu.be/rGkOkChazUQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://youtu.be/rGkOkChazUQ</a> </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Best Picture, Science Design Film Festival.
                                                  Best Documentary
                                                  Feature, Not Film
                                                  Festival, Italy. Now
                                                  available  on Apple
                                                  TV, Amazon, Google
                                                  Play, Microsoft,
                                                  Vimeo, Vudu, and
                                                  Fandango.</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;"><br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                                </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Author of: The Lucifer Principle: A
                                                  Scientific Expedition
                                                  Into the Forces of
                                                  History
                                                  ("mesmerizing"-The
                                                  Washington Post), </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind
                                                  From The Big Bang to
                                                  the 21st Century
                                                  ("reassuring and
                                                  sobering"-The New
                                                  Yorker),</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">The Genius of the Beast: A Radical
                                                  Re-Vision of
                                                  Capitalism ("A
                                                  tremendously enjoyable
                                                  book." James Fallows,
                                                  National
                                                  Correspondent, The
                                                  Atlantic),  </span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">The God Problem: How A Godless Cosmos
                                                  Creates ("Bloom's
                                                  argument will rock
                                                  your world." Barbara
                                                  Ehrenreich),</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">How I Accidentally Started the Sixties
                                                  (“Wow! Whew! Wild!
                                                  Wonderful!” Timothy
                                                  Leary),</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">The Mohammed Code (“A terrifying book…the
                                                  best book I’ve read on
                                                  Islam.” David Swindle,
                                                  PJ Media), and</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Einstein, Michael Jackson & Me: a
                                                  Search  for Soul in
                                                  the Power Pits of Rock
                                                  & Roll ("Amazing.
                                                  The writing is
                                                  revelatory." Freddy
                                                  DeMann, manager of
                                                  Michael Jackson and
                                                  Madonna), Best Book of
                                                  2020, New York Weekly
                                                  Times.</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">A Quartz Magazine Pro</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Former Visiting Scholar, Graduate
                                                  Psychology Department,
                                                  New York University,
                                                  Former Core Faculty
                                                  Member, The Graduate
                                                  Institute; Current
                                                  Kepler Space Institute
                                                  Senior Scholar.</span></font></div>

                                            
<div class="yiv4873425677"><font class="yiv4873425677" face="arial, helvetica"><span class="yiv4873425677" style="font-size:13.3333px;">Founder: International Paleopsychology
                                                  Project. Founder,
                                                  Space Development
                                                  Steering Committee. 
                                                  Member Of Board Of
                                                  Governors, National
                                                  Space Society.
                                                  Founding Board Member:
                                                  Epic of Evolution
                                                  Society. Founding
                                                  Board Member, The
                                                  Darwin Project.</span></font></div>

                                          </div>

                                        </div>

                                      </div>

                                    </div>

                                  </blockquote>
                                </div>

                                <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                -- <br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                Prof. Arieh Ben-Naim<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                Department of Physical Chemistry<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                The Hebrew University of Jerusalem<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                Jerusalem, 91904<br class="yiv4873425677" clear="none">
                                Israel
                                
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        </blockquote>
      </div>

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INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br>
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Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a><br>
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</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">__________________________</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Howard Bloom</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Howardbloom.net</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">trailer for BRIC-TV's 66-minute film,The Grand Unified Theory of Howard Bloom,  https://youtu.be/rGkOkChazUQ </font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Best Picture, Science Design Film Festival. Best Documentary Feature, Not Film Festival, Italy. Now available  on Apple TV, Amazon, Google Play, Microsoft, Vimeo, Vudu, and Fandango.</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Author of: The Lucifer Principle: A Scientific Expedition Into the Forces of History ("mesmerizing"-The Washington Post), </font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Global Brain: The Evolution of Mass Mind From The Big Bang to the 21st Century ("reassuring and sobering"-The New Yorker),</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">The Genius of the Beast: A Radical Re-Vision of Capitalism ("A tremendously enjoyable book." James Fallows, National Correspondent, The Atlantic),  </font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">The God Problem: How A Godless Cosmos Creates ("Bloom's argument will rock your world." Barbara Ehrenreich),</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">How I Accidentally Started the Sixties (“Wow! Whew! Wild! Wonderful!” Timothy Leary),</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">The Mohammed Code (“A terrifying book…the best book I’ve read on Islam.” David Swindle, PJ Media), and</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Einstein, Michael Jackson & Me: a Search  for Soul in the Power Pits of Rock & Roll ("Amazing. The writing is revelatory." Freddy DeMann, manager of Michael Jackson and Madonna), Best Book of 2020, New York Weekly Times.</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">A Quartz Magazine Pro</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Former Visiting Scholar, Graduate Psychology Department, New York University, Former Core Faculty Member, The Graduate Institute; Current Kepler Space Institute Senior Scholar.</font></div>

<div style=""><font face="arial, helvetica" size="2">Founder: International Paleopsychology Project. Founder, Space Development Steering Committee.  Member Of Board Of Governors, National Space Society. Founding Board Member: Epic of Evolution Society. Founding Board Member, The Darwin Project.</font></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>