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.quote { margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; border-left: 5px #ebebeb solid; padding-left: 0.3em; }--></style></head><body><div>Dear Mark, Joe, Terry, and other colleagues, </div><div><br /></div><div>It seems to me that this is complex. The complexity comes to the fore if we realize that one needs criteria about what is disinformation and what can be considered as information. For example, the criteria will be different for Democrats or Republicans in the US. </div><div><br /></div><div>If we assume with Niklas Luhmann that society is differentiated and also differentiating into functional subsystems with different codes in the communication, one can expect the different logics to operate upon one another and also to confuse, have unintended effects, and irritate one another. It is relatively simple as long as "Roma dixit' what is communication and what is disinformation. Traditionally, the role hasbeen taken over by the law system. But we cannot go to court for each miscommunication/dis-information. </div><div><br /></div><div>Who authorized the social media (Facebook) to take the policing role. Which codes are developed and used? Empirical questions. One expects self-organization of the communication leading to differentiation to prevail, and organization in forms of operational coupling and thus irritation. </div><div><br /></div><div>Things become complex as soon as it is no longer obvious what is mis-information and as soon as one is aware that there are no standards given. Perhaps, moral standards but these no longer work in a pluriform society. "Cuius regio, eius religio" was the principle in 1658 at the Peace of Westfalia. But it assumed sovereignty. Nowadays, we have freedom of religion and it is difficult to tell someone else that s/he is misinformed. </div><div><br /></div><div>Best,</div><div>Loet</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b><a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030599508"></a><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:'Tahoma',sans-serif ;">Loet Leydesdorff</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><b style="font-size: 14.6667px; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">________________________________</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">Professor emeritus, University of Amsterdam <br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)</span><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net </a>; <a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</a>
</span><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><br />
<a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">ORCID: <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098</a>;
</span><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">"The Evolutionary Dynamics of Discursive Knowledge" at</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030599508" style=""><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030599508</font></a>
</span><o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></p></div>
</div></div><div><br /></div>
<div>------ Original Message ------</div>
<div>From: "Mark Johnson" <<a href="mailto:johnsonmwj1@gmail.com">johnsonmwj1@gmail.com</a>></div>
<div>To: "fis" <<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>></div>
<div>Sent: 12/8/2020 5:14:32 PM</div>
<div>Subject: Re: [Fis] FW: On disinformation. Why disinformation survives</div><div><br /></div>
<div id="xa1e7039ae67c4d9"><blockquote cite="CAEzq2RQjpTiMycA2_HNsVJQGHVB5BxCN-eYFzDFDMiNxoNi=jA@mail.gmail.com" type="cite" class="cite2">
<div dir="ltr">Hi Joe,<div><br /></div><div>Regarding your "objective altruistic criteria" (I quite agree), is this in Bob Ulanowicz's and Loet's territory, do you think? Bob - are you there? </div><div><br /></div><div>Is this a trade-off between autocatalysis and mutual information in communication ecosystems? That would provide some kind of metric - particularly in the light of Loet's work. </div><div><br /></div><div>Personally, I would expect distortions in anticipatory systems which might be analysable through communication processes. Trump's tweets, and the chilling dynamics unfolding around what is obviously a stand-off in electoral trust are an excellent test-ground for some practical work. </div><div><br /></div><div>What do you think?</div><div><br /></div><div>Mark</div></div><br /><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Tue, 8 Dec 2020 at 08:37, Joseph Brenner <<a href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>> wrote:<br /></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<u></u>
<u></u>
<u></u>
<u></u>
<u></u>
<div lang="FR">
<div class="gmail-m_4788285575898681931Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">Dear All,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">Disinformation survives and flourishes in part because supported by
statements such as those of Bloom. They are strictly equivalent in form to
Trump’s saying that “there are good people on both<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">sides”, when one of those sides is composed of people who
kill peaceful protesters.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">In the <u></u><u></u>United
States<u></u><u></u>, despite their uniformly good
reaction to the current attacks on the electoral process, the courts will not
be able to help in a catastrophically large number of cases in the future.
Apart from the ideologue majority in the Supreme Court, the lower courts have
been stuffed with young right wing reactionaries who will poison decisions for
at least a generation. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">A new process is required, one that explicitly recognizes the
existence of objective altruistic criteria in behavior, where economic or
social self-interest can be shown to be absent. I order not to drown in
pessimism, I repeat to myself the statement of the biologist E. O. Wilson: </span></font><span lang="EN-GB">“Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic groups
beat selfish groups. Everything else is commentary.”</span><font color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">I like to think that this discussion, in a small way, is part of
such a process, since the trans-categorial role of information is crucial.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">Best wishes,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">Joseph<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="navy" face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="navy" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12pt">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center" />
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold">From:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma">
Fis [mailto:<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es">fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold">On
Behalf Of </span></b>Howard Bloom<br />
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> mardi, 8 décembre 2020 02:39<br />
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> <a href="mailto:dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com">dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com</a>;
<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br />
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: [Fis] On
disinformation</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">thanks, dai. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">one man's truth is
another man's lie. each subculture has its own truth and its own devil
spilling disinformation.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">to trumpers, joe biden
is part of a coup to take the white house fraudulently. to trumpers, the
democrats are the liars. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">to anti-trumpers,
trump is trying to pull off a coup to upend the election. trump and his
"army" are the liars. the disinformation spewers.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">which group is
right? which truth is right?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">how do we judge?
especially if freedom of speech is one of our most basic values?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">so far, we are relying
on the courts.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="1" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">with warmth and oomph--howard</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><br />
<br />
<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">-----Original Message-----<br />
From: Dai Griffiths <<a href="mailto:dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com">dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com</a>><br />
To: <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a> <<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>><br />
Sent: Mon, Dec 7, 2020 9:05 am<br />
Subject: Re: [Fis] On disinformation<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">That's all true, Howard.
<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">I think it is important
to distinguish between compliance and consensus. Throwing dissidents to the
lions does the trick for compliance, and preventing challenges to power (as per
the shocking first chapter of Foucault's Discipline and Punish). <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">As to consensus, the
creation of a canon is partly a practical matter: given it takes so long to
copy a book, which ones do we think are worth copying and sharing. Printing,
and now information technology, have completely changed these decisions. But on
top of these features of the medium, there is a political process. For example,
it seems likely that leaders in early <u></u><u></u>China<u></u><u></u> saw how consensus through
control of the canon could provide an alternative (or a useful addition) to
lion feeding as a method for achieving authority, by promoting Confucian ideas.
Both strategies are at work in <u></u>Hong Kong<u></u>
today, it seems.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">The two strategies
continue side by side in differing combinations. Some absolute rulers don't
worry too much about consensus outside the group of those standing in line to
assassinate them. Others focus more on control of the development of consensus
through control of the communications ecology, and perhaps <u></u><u></u>Russia<u></u><u></u> has
taken the lead in this. Neither of these two extremes is attractive, but both
are widespread. Most of us on this list have been fortunate to live in a
democratic space carved out between the rock of forced compliance, and the hard
place of manipulated consensus. The configuration and maintenance of that space
always involves hard work, compromise, and trade-offs that are never ideal for
everybody (and maybe for nobody), but I am certainly grateful for it.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">If we want to say
something sensible about all this, and if we want to make any practical step
which might preserve both our discourses and democracy, then I think we need to
address two quite different kinds of questions:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">1) What is the impact of
information technology, its accompanying regulatory framework and established
patterns of use, on the ecology of communications? How might the patterns
change if we altered this or that part of the system? These are cybernetic
questions.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">2) Who is benefiting
from the emerging communications ecology, what are they doing to shape it's
future, and why? What (if any) changes would we like to persuade legislators
and organisations to make in response and how can this be achieved? These are
political questions.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Dai<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqt01858">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">On 06/12/2020 02:16,
Howard Bloom wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqt49038">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">dai,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">as an indication that
your idea that disinformation is the norm and consensus the exception,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">look how hard previous
ages have worked to impose consensus. spreading roman culture amongst
tribal peoples in the days of the roman empire. throwing dissidents
to the lions. making sure that everyone's education was the same with the
same roughly five books studied and the same alphabet used from roughly 200 bc
onward in china. hunting heretics once <u></u><u></u>rome<u></u><u></u> turned christian. the
inquisition. the absolute rule of the tsar in <u></u><u></u>russia<u></u><u></u>, with all printing presses
used for just one thing: printing the tsar's ukases. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="2" color="black" face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">howard<br />
<br />
<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">-----Original Message-----<br />
From: Dai Griffiths </span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="mailto:dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com" shape="rect"><span lang="EN-GB"><dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com></span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
To: </span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" shape="rect"><span lang="EN-GB">fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
Sent: Sat, Dec 5, 2020 9:41 am<br />
Subject: Re: [Fis] On disinformation<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Dear all,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">We tend to think of
'surveillance capitalism' and other related trends as being a disruption of
normality. But seen from a longer perspective, perhaps we are living in an
unusual period (or the possibly the end of it) in which there has been
relatively widespread social agreement about the nature of the world that we
are living in. "Ask the priest" used to be the answer to questions of
eschatology or social propriety (and often still is) but that doesn't help much
in establishing who is giving the orders or why, and what is going on in the
town over the hill. We have relied on newspapers for that, and, in the <u></u><u></u>UK<u></u><u></u>, the BBC. As
a result, flat earthers haven't much traction recently compared with the
conflict between Galileo and the church, and even McCarthyism was primarily
about economic power and control, not as unhinged as the witchcraft hysteria
that Miller (rightly) compared it to. If it is true that we have been living in
an oasis of relative consensus, where did that consensus come from? <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">I would argue that it
emerged from the inherent limitations in access to printing technology, and the
editorial, commercial, political and social processes that developed to cope
with that limited access. It is these processes that generated the authority of
some ideas over others, the generalised trust in some media rather than others,
and the ability to identify consistent biases in those that were trusted.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">I suggest that we should
recognise that disinformation, fake news, and plain old gossip, are the default
state for human social interactions. It is evolved and designed social
structures and institutions that overcome this. Our challenge is then to disentangle
the way that that informational authority was generated in the past, and the
(perhaps disfunctional) way that it is generated at present. My suspicion is
that we won't get far in improving the situation unless we question the central
role of the recommender algorithms that have taken over much of the work of
human editors in determining what is seen heard and read, and by whom. To have
any chance of achieving political traction in the face of commercial interests
and personal preferences, proposals for change in that area will have to tell
and extremely clear story about how we got to where we are, where we should try
to go next, and how we could get there.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Best<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Dai<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqtfd54811">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">On 04/12/2020 14:06,
Pedro C. Marijuan wrote:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqtfd46017">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Dear Terry and FIS
colleagues,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Thanks for the
reflections--I will try to continue with rather disconnected ideas.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">The term 'surveillance
capitalism' introduced by Shoshana Zuboff (indeed complemented with a parallel
'surveillance authoritarianism') is addressed to cover the new negative
aspects of current technological developments. However, my opinion is that
these phenomena are inherent in all human societies in all epochs, for there is
always a tension, say, between the individual "fitness" and the whole
social "commons", which can be set in quite many different dynamic
equilibrium points, basically maintained via circulating or communicating info
flows. It is easy to see that information, disinformation, surveillance,
persuasion, and coercion travel together in the socialization-communication
pack. Historically, every new means of communication (then we land on McLuhan)
alters those social equilibria and somehow demands a social or cultural
reaction to re-establish an acceptable collective situation. The problem now,
you mentioned in the previous post, is the enormous concentration of power, of
brute info flows, around these new media--without appropriate social
curation at the time being. I doubt that these technologies can bring the
solution by themselves . Institutional, social intervention would be
needed... Scholarly analysis might be important, providing cues on the
the influence on individual and collective moods/personalities, on the possible
counteracting institutional alternatives and on the needed new cultural norms
to abide along these new forms of communication (sort of 'traffic
regulations'), even a personal hygiene of communication... <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">The problems are far
more serious, complex, and faster than in McLuhan's time. We have to reinvent
his views... But how can we organize a collective, cumulative discussion? I was
thinking that a feasible first step, apart of what we can do directly in the
list, could be calling for a Special Issue in some interesting,
multidisciplinary Journal. Well, at the time being, Terry, Joseph, and myself are
promoting a sort of ad hoc group to move things--anyone else would join??<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Best regards<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">--Pedro<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">El 01/12/2020 a las
22:54, Terrence W. DEACON escribió:<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqtfd41836">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Dear Pedro, <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Great suggestions. I
like the idea of an ongoing separate thread addressing disinformation. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Of course I only
addressed Western disinformation and didn't even touch on highly massaged
information that is often disseminated with centralized governmental control.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">This disinforms by
selective censorship and redundancy and is increasingly taking advantage of the
myriad new forms of surveillance that can be used to shape the information
made available to different targeted audiences.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">And Yes McLuhan is
definitely relevant.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">I wonder how he would
think about the effects of these new media.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">How do they reshape the
nature of content?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">How they can be
understood using his notions of hot and cool?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">What is now in the
rear view mirror within the new media that once was in the
foreground?<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">On these matters Bob
Logan might want to weigh in.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">-- <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">Professor Terrence W.
Deacon<br />
<u></u><u></u>University<u></u> of <u></u>California<u></u><u></u>, Berkeley<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
<br />
<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><fieldset></fieldset>_______________________________________________<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Fis mailing list<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" shape="rect"><span lang="EN-GB">Fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font color="black"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" shape="rect"><span lang="EN-GB">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</span></a></span></font><font color="black"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black">----------<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black">INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: </span><a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</span></a></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">http://listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">----------<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-- <u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-------------------------------------------------<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Pedro C. Marijuán<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><a href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" shape="rect">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><a href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/" shape="rect">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black">------------------------------------------------- <u></u><u></u></span></font></pre>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">_______________________________________________
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<pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-- <u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-----------------------------------------<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Professor David (Dai) <u></u><u></u>Griffiths<u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">SKYPE: daigriffiths<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Phones (please don't leave voice mail)<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> </span></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black">UK Mobile +44 (0)7491151559<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> Spanish Mobile: + 34 687955912<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">email<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> </span><a href="mailto:dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com</span></a></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre></div>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yiv0404780545yqtfd69653">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">_______________________________________________<br />
Fis mailing list<br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">Fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
----------<br />
INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br />
<br />
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la
Universidad de Zaragoza.<br />
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el
siguiente enlace: </span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde
la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.<br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" shape="rect"><span lang="EN-GB">http://listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
----------<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-- <u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">-----------------------------------------<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Professor David (Dai) <u></u><u></u>Griffiths<u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">SKYPE: daigriffiths<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">Phones (please don't leave voice mail)<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> </span></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black">UK Mobile +44 (0)7491151559<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> Spanish Mobile: + 34 687955912<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black">email<u></u><u></u></span></font></pre><pre><font size="2" color="black" face="Courier New"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;color:black"> </span><a href="mailto:dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">dai.griffiths.1@gmail.com</span></a></font><font color="black"><span lang="IT" style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font></pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_4788285575898681931yqt41334">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black">_______________________________________________<br />
Fis mailing list<br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">Fis@listas.unizar.es</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
----------<br />
INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br />
<br />
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la
Universidad de Zaragoza.<br />
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el
siguiente enlace: </span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" shape="rect"><span lang="IT">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</span></a></span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span lang="IT" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><br />
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja
desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.<br />
</span></font><font size="2" color="black" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:black"><a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" shape="rect">http://listas.unizar.es</a><br />
----------<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br />
Fis mailing list<br />
<a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br />
<a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" rel="noreferrer">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a><br />
----------<br />
INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br />
<br />
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<br />
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" rel="noreferrer">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a><br />
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.<br />
<a href="http://listas.unizar.es" rel="noreferrer">http://listas.unizar.es</a><br />
----------<br />
</blockquote></div><br clear="all" /><div><br /></div>-- <br /><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">Dr. Mark William Johnson<br />Institute of Learning and Teaching<br />Faculty of Health and Life Sciences<br />University of Liverpool<br /><br />Phone: 07786 064505<br />Email: <a href="mailto:johnsonmwj1@gmail.com">johnsonmwj1@gmail.com</a><br />Blog: <a href="http://dailyimprovisation.blogspot.com">http://dailyimprovisation.blogspot.com</a></div>
</blockquote></div>
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