<div dir="ltr">Cari Tutti,<div>l'informazione è la legge delle leggi concettualmente consistente in un processo di dare o prendere forma (neg-entropica) contrastato dalla deformazione o degradazione (entropica). L'informazione si trasforma nel tempo e nello spazio, dando luogo al processo di tras-in-formazione. La massa determina come gli spazi, debbono curvarsi, gli spazi determinano come le masse si debbono muovere. Tutto ciò che esiste, vivente o non vivente, crea dei "campi di forma"</div><div>implicanti informazioni che misurano diversamente le loro quantità qualitative o qualità quantitative: termodinamiche, biologiche, matematiche e semantiche.</div><div>Una teoria generale dell'informazione non può non tenere conto di queste cose che non escludono niente e nessuno, ma includono partendo "dal basso verso l'alto" i sistemi naturali e umani a complessità crescente in ragione della loro dinamica storico-evolutiva.</div><div>Con molta umiltà sostengo questi concetti-principi da sempre in buona compagnia dei più grandi e illuminati scienziati-studiosi di tutti i tempi come dimostrano</div><div>le dozzine di libri che ho composto in proposito. Beninteso, sappiate che io mi definisco o riconosco come un "poverino esponenziale" sempre grato</div><div>a voi tutti, a partire da Pedro, che ho avuto la fortuna e il privilegio di apprezzare, conoscere e incontrare.</div><div>Grazie,</div><div>Un abbraccio.</div><div>Francesco.</div><div>,. .</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno mar 29 set 2020 alle ore 20:00 Loet Leydesdorff <<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478"><blockquote cite="http://632f8fa8-910b-63f0-e206-0e3ae2c89593@aragon.es" type="cite" class="gmail-m_6818058538366332855cite2"><div>About the loop you mention in the
definition of information proposed in Principle 1, there is a very
clear starting point: the origins of life. </div></blockquote>I don't think that evolution is emanating from a starting point. Complexity is constructed in terms of resonances ex post. The forward perspective can only see the morphogenesis "bottom up", but not the emerging control mechanisms and their interactions.</div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478"><br></div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478">In other words, historical development is to be distinguished from evolutionary dynamics. Otherwise, the explanation becomes "historicistic".</div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478"><br></div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478">Best,</div><div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855xb59c9a6dd372478">Loet. <br><blockquote cite="http://632f8fa8-910b-63f0-e206-0e3ae2c89593@aragon.es" type="cite" class="gmail-m_6818058538366332855cite2"><div><br></div>
<div>Best greetings</div>
<div>--Pedro<br>
</div>
<div><span><br>
</span></div>
<div><span><br>
</span></div>
<div> El 25/09/2020 a las 13:46, Christophe
Menant escribió:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="gmail-m_6818058538366332855cite">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span lang="EN-US">Dear
Pedro, <br>
It is true that using constraints relative to 3000 genes would
bring in a level of complexity
<span> </span>difficult to manage.
But the usage of the Meaning Genartaor System is with higher
level entities where the constraints are of a generic type,
like “Stay alive” and “Look for happiness”.
<span> </span>By the way, I’m not
alone on that perspective. See
<a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_6#aboutcontent" target="_blank">
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-01198-7_6#aboutcontent</a><span> </span>where different type of
“control constraints” are introduced at basic life level,
associated to “meaningful interpretation” and “significances”.
Also, the<span> </span>concept of
constraint satisfaction as an entry point to cognition looks
as accepted by the community (“a system is cognitive if and
only if sensory inputs serve to trigger actions in a specific
way, so as to satisfy a viability constraint” [Bourgine,
Stewart 2004]). <span>
</span>So I don’t see very well why there is a reluctance
to use a system approach on meaning generation for constraint
satisfaction. What would be your position on that point?<br>
An advantage of the system approach is to allow the modeling
of meaning generation in artificial agents with derived
constraints. Meaning generation in living entities and in AAs
can then be compared with the same tool. This highlights some
concerns relative to artificial life and artificial
intelligence, with ethical components (<a href="https://philpapers.org/archive/MENTTC-2.pdf" target="_blank">https://philpapers.org/archive/MENTTC-2.pdf</a>
).
<br>
On that subject I do not see very well how the 10 principles
are linked to artificial cognition, which is, I feel, an
important item for principles of information in our world
where artificial agents participate more and more to all
components of our lives. Could you tell us more on that? <br>
All the best <br>
Christophe<br>
</span><span lang="EN-US">Bourgine, P. Stewart,
J. (2004) ‘Autopoiesis and cognition’ Artificial life, Summer
2004, Vol. 10, No. 3, MIT Press Journals. <a href="http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/1064546041255557#.VJLBnCuG-UI" target="_blank">
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/1064546041255557#.VJLBnCuG-UI</a></span><br>
</div>
<div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<br>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div id="gmail-m_6818058538366332855divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>De :</b> Fis
<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank"><fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es></a> de la part de Pedro C.
Marijuan <a href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" target="_blank"><pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es></a><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> vendredi 18 septembre 2020 20:01<br>
<b>À :</b> 'fis' <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank"><fis@listas.unizar.es></a><br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [Fis] Fwd: The 10 Principles</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>Dear All,<br>
Thanks to Jose Javier for his comments. Regarding the loop you
mention about distinction, you are right, but this is a very
characteristic of life (see that Maturana and Varela already
said something pretty similar in their Tree of Knowledge). In
the other biological principles that follow (below) I try to
clarify that notion in several directions, particularly
concerning signaling systems, a concept which was completely
ignored until well in the 1990s. Your second comment may be
partially responded looking at those further principles
dealing with the symbolic communication via language and the
social narratives, not far from what you have pointed. Thus I
include the whole principles herein.<br>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">1. Information is
distinction on an <i>
adjacent </i>difference. <span style="color:red"></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">2. Information
processes consist in organized action upon differences
collected onto structures, patterns, sequences, messages,
or flows.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">3. Information
flows are essential organizers of life's self-production
process –the life cycle– anticipating, shaping, and mixing
up with the accompanying energy flows.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">4. Proto-phenomena
of meaning, knowledge, and cognition (& intelligence)
emerge via signaling systems of living cells, fully
developed in the action/perception cycle of central
nervous systems.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">5.
Information/communication exchanges among adaptive
life-cycles underlie the complexity of biological
organization at all scales.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">6. It is symbolic
language what conveys the essential communication
exchanges of individuals —and constitutes the core of
human "social nature."</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">7. Human
information can be transformed into efficient knowledge by
following the "knowledge instinct", further enhanced and
delimited by collectively applying rigorous methodologies.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">8. Human cognitive
limitations are partially overcome via "knowledge
ecologies", where knowledge circulates and recombines
socially in a continuous actualization that involves
"creative destruction" of theories, practices, and
disciplines.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">9. Narratives
become encapsulated forms of “natural intelligence”,
tailored to capture collective attention and memory, and
essential for the cohesion of social, political, and
economic structures.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:justify;line-height:14pt">
<span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">10. Information
science proposes a new, radical vision on how information
and knowledge surround individual lives, with profound
consequences for scientific-philosophical practice and for
social governance.</span></p>
<br>
<p>Briefly referring to the other discussion track
(Christophe), I quite agree with situating the origins of
(genuine) meaning with living beings, but have some trouble
with "constraints" when generally applied to biological
cognition. I think they may be more useful in other fields
(originated in kinematics, they become more and more
volatile as used in Dynamic Systems Theory, and similarly
weakened when going from AI to biological cognition). For
instance, given 3,000 genes in Ecoli, organized in mixed
clusters of fiendish complexity, how do you establish
meaningful constraints? Or can even attribute separate
"functions"? You may see in DOI:<a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fderef%2Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fdx.doi.org%252F10.1016%252Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002%3F_sg%255B0%255D%3DnH-ziIzFNlPKAqMszwKA9aJSdUF_He_Rfcal3jUKXaF_lvDrbTWXcTEDtf5uNRaHZMzJ0MFczgM3J-aub54-p6oiQA.Vi1baoaYqIl4vlby-pQVd58ob8urom6m0dhZo1yJ26_NjwihWirad9bxSivcVUymzy-vS1FcL9dD4ZQ7UDtz_w&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13a6b1012e6746c2a97208d85bfd00a1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637360489476081481&sdata=Gs6M4SxmClw83ShkAl9Vf7UIYyppHAAUxprvHFtZDRY%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank"> 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002</a><span>
</span><span>the very dimensions of
this ontology problem.</span><a href="https://eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fderef%2Fhttp%253A%252F%252Fdx.doi.org%252F10.1016%252Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002%3F_sg%255B0%255D%3DnH-ziIzFNlPKAqMszwKA9aJSdUF_He_Rfcal3jUKXaF_lvDrbTWXcTEDtf5uNRaHZMzJ0MFczgM3J-aub54-p6oiQA.Vi1baoaYqIl4vlby-pQVd58ob8urom6m0dhZo1yJ26_NjwihWirad9bxSivcVUymzy-vS1FcL9dD4ZQ7UDtz_w&data=02%7C01%7C%7C13a6b1012e6746c2a97208d85bfd00a1%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637360489476091476&sdata=sVOZBlgJExzw%2F4z0j2flYw5BaV%2FXYR7jFcpIMyFnP3g%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank"><br>
</a></p>
<p>Regarding Marcus' comment on life as imprecisely defined
(and whether viruses or Gaia are 'alive'), the fundamental
issue in natural sciences is "explaining" rather than
defining. And fortunately the advancement in our
explanations of life in last decades has been fantastic.
Life can now be characterized in every basic aspect with
amazing depth. One cannot give a precise definition of life,
but one can provide a list of essential characteristics, and
at the center are the informational ones. Empirically, the
point is that information appears to be so ingrained in the
molecular organization of life that scores of new
bio-disciplines have been recently launched around it:
bioinformatics, bioinformation, biocomputation, all the
"omic" fields, signaling science, etc. Biosemiotics could be
included too, but Hélas, most biosemioticians continue to
"read" the DNA meaning via the genetic code, rather than
exploring the "signals" abduced from the environment and
"distinctionally worked out and transcribed in genes--from
which ultimately "meaning" emerges. About viruses
concretely, they have been essential in the origins of
eukaryotic complexity and in the dynamic balance of marine
and terrestrial ecosystems... irrespective on how we
consider their degree of "aliveness". And finally "non
comment" about some (baiting?) expressions in your previous
reply. <br>
</p>
<p>I see right now the careful "review" by Loet: better for a
next occasion!<br>
</p>
<p>Best--Pedro</p>
<p>PS. The Three Messages per Week are counted following the
international business week (from Monday to Sunday
included).<br>
</p>
<pre cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
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Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
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<pre cols="72">--
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Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
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