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Dear All,<br>
Thanks to Jose Javier for his comments. Regarding the loop you
mention about distinction, you are right, but this is a very
characteristic of life (see that Maturana and Varela already said
something pretty similar in their Tree of Knowledge). In the other
biological principles that follow (below) I try to clarify that
notion in several directions, particularly concerning signaling
systems, a concept which was completely ignored until well in the
1990s. Your second comment may be partially responded looking at
those further principles dealing with the symbolic communication via
language and the social narratives, not far from what you have
pointed. Thus I include the whole principles herein.<br>
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justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">1. Information is
distinction on an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">adjacent
</i>difference. <span style="color:red"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">2. Information processes
consist in organized action upon differences collected onto
structures, patterns, sequences, messages, or flows.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">3. Information flows are
essential organizers of life's self-production process –the life
cycle– anticipating, shaping, and mixing up with the
accompanying energy flows.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">4. Proto-phenomena of
meaning, knowledge, and cognition (& intelligence) emerge
via signaling systems of living cells, fully developed in the
action/perception cycle of central nervous systems.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">5.
Information/communication exchanges among adaptive life-cycles
underlie the complexity of biological organization at all
scales.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">6. It is symbolic language
what conveys the essential communication exchanges of
individuals —and constitutes the core of human "social nature."</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">7. Human information can
be transformed into efficient knowledge by following the
"knowledge instinct", further enhanced and delimited by
collectively applying rigorous methodologies.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">8. Human cognitive
limitations are partially overcome via "knowledge ecologies",
where knowledge circulates and recombines socially in a
continuous actualization that involves "creative destruction" of
theories, practices, and disciplines.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">9. Narratives become
encapsulated forms of “natural intelligence”, tailored to
capture collective attention and memory, and essential for the
cohesion of social, political, and economic structures.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:14.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:382.75pt"><span
style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="EN-US">10. Information science
proposes a new, radical vision on how information and knowledge
surround individual lives, with profound consequences for
scientific-philosophical practice and for social governance.</span></p>
<br>
<p>Briefly referring to the other discussion track (Christophe), I
quite agree with situating the origins of (genuine) meaning with
living beings, but have some trouble with "constraints" when
generally applied to biological cognition. I think they may be
more useful in other fields (originated in kinematics, they become
more and more volatile as used in Dynamic Systems Theory, and
similarly weakened when going from AI to biological cognition).
For instance, given 3,000 genes in Ecoli, organized in mixed
clusters of fiendish complexity, how do you establish meaningful
constraints? Or can even attribute separate "functions"? You may
see in DOI:<a class="nova-e-link nova-e-link--color-inherit
nova-e-link--theme-decorated"
href="https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002?_sg%5B0%5D=nH-ziIzFNlPKAqMszwKA9aJSdUF_He_Rfcal3jUKXaF_lvDrbTWXcTEDtf5uNRaHZMzJ0MFczgM3J-aub54-p6oiQA.Vi1baoaYqIl4vlby-pQVd58ob8urom6m0dhZo1yJ26_NjwihWirad9bxSivcVUymzy-vS1FcL9dD4ZQ7UDtz_w">
10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002</a><span class="nova-e-link
nova-e-link--color-inherit nova-e-link--theme-decorated"> </span><span
class="nova-e-link nova-e-link--color-inherit
nova-e-link--theme-decorated">the very dimensions of this
ontology problem.</span><a class="nova-e-link
nova-e-link--color-inherit nova-e-link--theme-decorated"
href="https://www.researchgate.net/deref/http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2015.07.002?_sg%5B0%5D=nH-ziIzFNlPKAqMszwKA9aJSdUF_He_Rfcal3jUKXaF_lvDrbTWXcTEDtf5uNRaHZMzJ0MFczgM3J-aub54-p6oiQA.Vi1baoaYqIl4vlby-pQVd58ob8urom6m0dhZo1yJ26_NjwihWirad9bxSivcVUymzy-vS1FcL9dD4ZQ7UDtz_w"><br>
</a></p>
<p>Regarding Marcus' comment on life as imprecisely defined (and
whether viruses or Gaia are 'alive'), the fundamental issue in
natural sciences is "explaining" rather than defining. And
fortunately the advancement in our explanations of life in last
decades has been fantastic. Life can now be characterized in every
basic aspect with amazing depth. One cannot give a precise
definition of life, but one can provide a list of essential
characteristics, and at the center are the informational ones.
Empirically, the point is that information appears to be so
ingrained in the molecular organization of life that scores of new
bio-disciplines have been recently launched around it:
bioinformatics, bioinformation, biocomputation, all the "omic"
fields, signaling science, etc. Biosemiotics could be included
too, but Hélas, most biosemioticians continue to "read" the DNA
meaning via the genetic code, rather than exploring the "signals"
abduced from the environment and "distinctionally worked out and
transcribed in genes--from which ultimately "meaning" emerges.
About viruses concretely, they have been essential in the origins
of eukaryotic complexity and in the dynamic balance of marine and
terrestrial ecosystems... irrespective on how we consider their
degree of "aliveness". And finally "non comment" about some
(baiting?) expressions in your previous reply. <br>
</p>
<p>I see right now the careful "review" by Loet: better for a next
occasion!<br>
</p>
<p>Best--Pedro</p>
<p>PS. The Three Messages per Week are counted following the
international business week (from Monday to Sunday included).<br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
------------------------------------------------- </pre>
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