<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Dear Colleagues</div><div class=""><br class=""></div>Wittgenstein (Investigations 65-71) suggests that some concepts encompass phenomena that have no single feature in common. <div class="">However it is possible to recognise the existence of some form of likeliness.</div><div class="">He uses the term "family resemblances" to refer to this.</div><div class="">He gives the example of “games”. It is not possible to provide a definition of game that fits all sorts of games we can find.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">It is my view that the same happens with information.</div><div class="">There is a wide range of phenomenon where we recognise features that leads us to call it “information".</div><div class="">However, it is not possible to provide one single definition that adequately describes all those phenomena.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I gave up looking for an unifying definition of information.</div><div class="">As soon I switch to another context (for example, moving from the context of organisational work to the human mind or to the cell) the key features are different.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Regards,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">João</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">====================================</span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">Joao Alvaro Carvalho</font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 11px;" class="">Professor</span> </div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">Departamento de Sistemas de Informação <span class="Apple-converted-tab"></span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">Escola de Engenharia</span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">Universidade do Minho</font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class=""><br class=""></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">Alameda da Universidade</font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font face="Helvetica" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;" class="">4804-533 Guimaraes, <span class="Apple-converted-tab">Portugal<span class="Apple-converted-tab"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> </span></span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">Tel: + 351 253 510 304/319</span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">Fax: + 351 253 510 300</span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br class=""></span></font></div><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px; font-size: 11px;" class=""><a href="http://tsiuminho.dsi.uminho.pt/" class="">http://tsiuminho.dsi.uminho.pt/</a></div><p style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"></span></font></p><div style="orphans: 2; widows: 2; margin: 0px;" class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;">====================================</span></font></font></div></div><div class=""><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="3"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br class=""></span></font></font></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 5 Mar 2020, at 20:11, Stanley N Salthe <<a href="mailto:ssalthe@binghamton.edu" class="">ssalthe@binghamton.edu</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Moises -- I have tried other definitions of information. None are completely satisfactory. In '08 I suggested that information is<div class="">any constraint on entropy production,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">STAN</div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Mar 4, 2020 at 6:26 PM Moisés André Nisenbaum <<a href="mailto:moises.nisenbaum@ifrj.edu.br" class="">moises.nisenbaum@ifrj.edu.br</a>> wrote:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr" class="">Hi, Stan.<div class="">Curiosity: today, would you change this definition? If so, that's because you change your mind or because Information have changed?</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Cheers.</div><div class="">Moisés</div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Em qua., 4 de mar. de 2020 às 17:27, Stanley N Salthe <<a href="mailto:ssalthe@binghamton.edu" target="_blank" class="">ssalthe@binghamton.edu</a>> escreveu:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Here is my 1993 definition of Information:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><p class=""><span class="">Here is my 1993 definition of information:</span></p><p class=""><span style="line-height:1.5" class="">Information is a significant arrangement that could have been different without </span>any different expenditure<span style="line-height:1.5" class=""> of energy. Because it cannot be specified by natural laws, there is always an element of surprise in information. </span><br class=""><span class=""></span></p><p class=""><span class="">Dretske (1981)<i class=""> Knowledge and the Flow of Information</i> (MIT Press) has argued that materially it is the most highly specified digital content an analog sign could have, thus stating a principle of maximum information capacity per sign with respect to the meaning of information. Information implies interpretation; potential information stored elsewhere than where an observer could tap it is like the unavailable energy of heat. Both are observer related. </span></p><p class=""><span class="">STAN </span></p></div></div></div>
_______________________________________________<br class="">
Fis mailing list<br class="">
<a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank" class="">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">
<a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a><br class="">
----------<br class="">
INFORMACIÓN SOBRE PROTECCIÓN DE DATOS DE CARÁCTER PERSONAL<br class="">
<br class="">
Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<br class="">
Puede encontrar toda la información sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: <a href="https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas</a><br class="">
Recuerde que si está suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicación en el momento en que lo desee.<br class="">
<a href="http://listas.unizar.es/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" class="">http://listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">
----------<br class="">
</blockquote></div><br clear="all" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div>-- <br class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Moisés André Nisenbaum</div><div class="">Coordenador do Curso Técnico em Manutenção e Suporte em Informática (MSI)</div><div dir="ltr" class="">Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro - IFRJ<br class="">Campus Rio de Janeiro<br class=""><a href="mailto:moises.nisenbaum@ifrj.edu.br" target="_blank" class="">moises.nisenbaum@ifrj.edu.br</a></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class=""></div><div class="">Currículo Lattes: <a href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/7720722027872922" target="_blank" class="">http://lattes.cnpq.br/7720722027872922</a> <br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://youtube.com/moisesandre" target="_blank" class="">youtube.com/moisesandre</a></div><div class=""><a href="http://facebook.com/moisesandre" target="_blank" class="">facebook.com/moisesandre</a></div><div class=""><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/moisesandre" target="_blank" class="">www.linkedin.com/in/moisesandre</a><br class=""></div><div class=""><a href="http://dicas.moisesandre.com.br/" target="_blank" class="">dicas.moisesandre.com.br<br class=""></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div>
_______________________________________________<br class="">Fis mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" class="">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis<br class="">----------<br class="">INFORMACI�N SOBRE PROTECCI�N DE DATOS DE CAR�CTER PERSONAL<br class=""><br class="">Ud. recibe este correo por pertenecer a una lista de correo gestionada por la Universidad de Zaragoza.<br class="">Puede encontrar toda la informaci�n sobre como tratamos sus datos en el siguiente enlace: https://sicuz.unizar.es/informacion-sobre-proteccion-de-datos-de-caracter-personal-en-listas<br class="">Recuerde que si est� suscrito a una lista voluntaria Ud. puede darse de baja desde la propia aplicaci�n en el momento en que lo desee.<br class="">http://listas.unizar.es<br class="">----------<br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>