<html><head><style>#xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 a, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 a, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b a, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a
{color: rgb(0, 0, 238);}
#xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 a:visited, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a:visited, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 a:visited, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b a:visited, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a:visited
{color: rgb(85, 26, 139);}
#xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048
{font-family: 'Segoe UI'; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}
#xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74, #xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529 #x72450414ae6d41d #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74, #x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529
{font-family: 'Segoe UI'; font-size: 12pt;}
</style>
<style id="signatureStyle">#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6 a, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 a
{color: rgb(0, 0, 238);}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6 a:visited, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 a:visited, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 a:visited
{color: rgb(85, 26, 139);}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6
{font-family: 'Segoe UI'; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6
{font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt;}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74
{font-family: 'Segoe UI'; font-size: 12pt;}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 #x920d19d74fc84b0 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 p.MsoNormal, #xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 #x920d19d74fc84b0 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 div.MsoNormal
{margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 #x920d19d74fc84b0 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 a:link
{color: blue; text-decoration: underline;}
#xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1 #x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74 #x068ffe68e305459 #xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048 #x4f407acb80d4411 #x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6 #x920d19d74fc84b0 #x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74 a:visited
{color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;}
</style>
<style id="css_styles">blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; } blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; } blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; } blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; } blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; }
blockquote.cite { margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc }
blockquote.cite2 {margin-left: 5px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 10px; padding-right:0px; border-left: 1px solid #cccccc; margin-top: 3px; padding-top: 0px; }
a img { border: 0px; }
li[style='text-align: center;'], li[style='text-align: right;'] { list-style-position: inside;}
body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; }
</style>
</head>
<body><div><div id="x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529"><div><div id="x4426e56e9c9b4013832967fae0590b5b"><div><div id="xc8a6218dbbba4486b0ad8bd4e1d9c13a"><div><div id="x7ee942a39819443c9877bb6f12e54529"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x72450414ae6d41d"><div id="x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x068ffe68e305459"><div id="xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048"><div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">Loet Leydesdorff, Caroline S. Wagner, Igone
Porto-Gomez,
Jordan A. Comins, and Fred Phillips (2019) Synergy in the Knowledge Base of U.S. Innovation Systems at National, State, and Regional Levels: The Contributions of High-Tech Manufacturing and Knowledge-Intensive Services, Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 70(10) 1108-1123; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24182">https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24182</a></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></font></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1"><div id="x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74"><div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x068ffe68e305459"><div id="xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048"><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">Porto-Gomez, I., Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. M., & Leydesdorff, L. (2019). Innovation systems in México: A matter of missing synergies.
<i style="">
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148
</i>
(November 2019), 119721. doi: 10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119721.. This paper is freely available until Oct. 19 from <a href="https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1Zety98SGeqBI">https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1Zety98SGeqBI</a></font></div></div><div></div></div></div>
<div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"><br /></font></div><div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">Leydesdorff, L., and Porto-Gomez, I.(2019) <a href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=2952675">The Expected Synergy in
Spanish
Regional and National Systems of Innovation</a>, <i>Journal of
Technology
Transfer</i> 44(1) (2019) 189-209; doi:<a href="http://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-017-9618-4">10.1007/s10961-017-9618-4</a>. </font></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x72450414ae6d41d"><div id="x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x068ffe68e305459"><div id="xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">Loet Leydesdorff, & Ivan Cucco (2019), <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.11821">Regions, Innovation Systems,
and the
North-South Divide in Italy.</a><i> El Profesional de la Informacion</i>,
28(2), e280214. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.14">https://doi.org//10.3145/epi.2019.mar.14</a>z</font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">See also:</font></p><div><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;"> Loet Leydesdorff & Inga Ivanova, The Measurement of
“Interdisciplinarity”
and “Synergy” in Scientific and Extra-Scientific Collaborations, <a href="http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28235.23849">doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.28235.23849</a></font></div><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" style="font-size: 10pt;">best, Loet</font></p>
<div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="xf54c8b9b1cfd4a1"><div id="x78c9f4c0540648e7b564d127ae9a7d74"><div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x068ffe68e305459"><div id="xd031ae4a00354d21ab008b16080cd048"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x4f407acb80d4411"><div id="x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x920d19d74fc84b0"><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">
<hr size="3" width="100%" align="center" />
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Loet
Leydesdorff <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Professor emeritus,
University of Amsterdam<br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">; </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Associate Faculty, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">SPRU, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">University of Sussex; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guest Professor </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Beijing;<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visiting Fellow, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt">Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">,
University of London; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#44546A;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"><span style="color: rgb(68, 84, 106);" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><div id="x6d48cd6784e049409ff4972e00ee71a6"><div style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"></div>
<div><div><font face="Calibri" style="font-size: 9pt;">ORCID: <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3098</a>;</font><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </font></div></div><div id="signature_old" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><div id="x4f407acb80d4411"><div id="x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6"><div id="signature_old"><div id="x920d19d74fc84b0"><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><br /></div>
</body></html>