<div dir="ltr">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="DE-AT">Comparing
explanatory models<span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span lang="DE-AT"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Xueshan’s side-by-side comparison of two explanatory systems
furthers our common goal of finding a solid, coherent, rational model that
depicts truthfully such processes taking place in Nature, which we agree to
call “information management”. Unfortunately, we have not agreed yet on the
meaning of the term “information”. The side-by-side comparison is a practical
tool to decide, which features of which theory are essential, which are
necessary and which are optional.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Let me continue this noble effort by adding one more column
to the comparison, together with some more rows. There is a model that deserves
to enter the competition. This model’s name is not yet generally agreed on: let
us call it a {numeric, rhythmic, order-centred, natural, tautologic, cycles-based,
comprehensive, general, strict, no-nonsense, no-speculation, deictic, logical-compromise,
dynamic} model.<span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
<table class="gmail-MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:medium none" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Feature<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">num.<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">competitor M<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">competitor J<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:windowtext windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Remarks<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Based on rules a 6-year-old understands<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Can a child sort their dolls first on color then on size?
Can they re-sort? Can they observe what happens?<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Principle can be demonstrated both on dolls (or other
things) and on abstract objects<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Both<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On abstract objects only<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">On abstract objects only<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Discusses relation between sequenced and contemporary
collections<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The DNA is sequenced, the corresponding organism is
contemporary.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Model builds up on mental creations as units that are each
and all alike, uniform, indistinguishable<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">It is easier to think by schematising into the extreme<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Model builds up on mental creations as units that are distinguishable,
having up to 11 property dimensions<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Permitting archetypes of form, extent, property to exist is
picturing Nature better than thinking her to consist of uniform units<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Shows that in a multitude of elements that do have properties,
orders and sequences are axiomatic<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Shows that the natural numbers by their properties have a well-defined
place on a plane<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The user is required to think by their own head that of
planes, spaces can be constructed<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Eliminates the need for an extra axiom for the concept of
a point, as the central element(s) are points that are corollaries of the axioms
and definitions of natural numbers<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Artful sorting, sequencing and resequencing of natural numbers
is expected to be within the competence level of users<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">As corollaries of natural numbers, 2 (two) rectangular (Euclid)
spaces emerge<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">When possible, prefer a model that depicts basic duality,
from proton-neutron to DNA-RNA<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Gravitation is explained as a corollary of the merge of
the 2 Euclid spaces<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Does not discuss<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">When choosing, prefer a model that depicts gravitation as
an a-priori existing implication<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Can be used to discuss the term information<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Can be used to discuss the term information by pointing in
a deictic fashion to natural numbers<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">First, see the numeric facts. Then give names to the observed
facts. Not the other way around.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width:166.8pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext;border-style:none solid solid;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="222" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Explains 4 genomes of triplets as a basic statement about
the structure and properties of space<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:37.05pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="49" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Yes<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:78pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="104" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:70.85pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="94" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">No<span></span></p>
</td>
<td style="width:111.7pt;border-color:currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor;border-style:none solid solid none;border-width:medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding:0cm 5.4pt" width="149" valign="top">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Once you have found the basic tautology, the mystery
decomposes into combinatorics and taxonomy<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>
</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Am So., 20. Jan. 2019 um 08:50 Uhr schrieb Joseph Brenner <<a href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<u></u>
<div lang="FR">
<div class="gmail-m_2457476283706481955Section1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy">Dear
Xueshan,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB">Thank you for facilitating this dialog. It should be mentioned that
Mark’s GTI is set out in a 600+ page book, and that nothing comparable on
information exists for my critique. That should not in and of itself invalidate
specific points I am trying to make, in my opinion.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB">I cannot accept, however, Loet’s trivialization of the
discussion, as it shows among other things that he has not read <i><span style="font-style:italic">my </span></i>book on Logic in Reality. He does not
have a ‘monopoly’ on probability. There is a substantial discussion
of my system in terms of a non-Kolmogorovian probability distribution of
evolving complex processes, such as information generation and exchange. It is
a serious question to ask whether <i><span style="font-style:italic">all </span></i>probability
distributions and uncertainties can be or need to be measured in bits.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB">Finally, my position is consistent with Terry’s conception of
information, which includes considerations from Boltzmann and Darwin as well as
Shannon. If Mark could indicate his position on this point, it might be useful to
add it to Xueshan’s side-by-side comparison.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB">Best wishes,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Unicode" color="navy"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy" lang="EN-GB">Joseph<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" face="Arial" color="navy"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy" lang="EN-GB"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">
<hr width="100%" size="3" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">From:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma" lang="EN-US">
Fis [mailto:<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank">fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold">On
Behalf Of </span></b><u></u>Loet Leydesdorff<u></u><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> dimanche, 20 janvier 2019
08:17<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> <a href="mailto:yxs@pku.edu.cn" target="_blank">yxs@pku.edu.cn</a>; FIS Group<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Cc:</span></b> Annette Grathoff; <u></u>Søren Brier<u></u>; Mark Burgin; Pedro C. Marijuán;
Terrence Deacon; <u></u>Joseph Brenner<u></u><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: [Fis] An Important
Dialog</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Dear colleagues,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">It sounds a bit as a </span></font><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span style="font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode"">continuation</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI""> of the discussions among
the "scavants" at the Univerrsity of Coimbra about whether we live in
the best of all possible worlds; see Voltaire's Candide. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Did the snake talk to Eve or should we take this
metaphorically? Does GTI/Sinterclaus/God exist or not? In my opinion, one were
advised to proceed to empirical research. Some questions are then more fruitful
than others. Shannon's theory of information can, for example, be used as
entropy statistics. It thus offers to combine a theoretical perspective and a
methodology. Without developing the latter, however, the discussion becomes
very abstract and philosophical.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">The linking pin, in my opinion, is the notion of
probability. A probability distribution contains an uncertainty which can be
measured in bits. A one-dimensional probability distribution can be represented
as a vector (or a set of relations); a two-dimensional as a matrix. The second
dimension can be used for the decomposition in terms of principal components
(eigenvectors). A three-dimensional probability distribution--a cube of
information--can contain local minima and trajectories in an Euclidean space. A
four-dimensional one represents a hyper-geometry containing next-order regimes
as structures of (globalized instead of stabilized) expectations. <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">While instantiations can be described in three
dimensions, self-organization (autopoiesis, nisus) requires this extension to
four dimenisons of the probability distribution. The Shannon formula set no
limits on the number of dimensions and thus one obtains a rich researchable
domain. As some of you know, my interest nowadays is particularly in the
measurement and calculus of redundancy (new options). But that is only one of
the options for empirical research.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Loet<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">PS. Sinterklaas is a Dutch fest on the evening of
December 5, when a bishop arrives from Spain with presents for the children.
Most children lose their belief in his existence at the age of six or seven.
L.<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955signature_old">
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955xdff2f36c3b854f9">
<div style="margin-right:4pt" id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="2" face="Tahoma" color="black"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955signature_old">
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955x920d19d74fc84b0">
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%" align="center"><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)">
<hr width="100%" size="3" align="center">
</span></font></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><u></u><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Loet Leydesdorff</span></font><u></u><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Professor
emeritus, University of Amsterdam<br>
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" target="_blank"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></font></a></span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)">; </span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" target="_blank"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></font></a></span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#1f497d"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(31,73,125)"> <br>
</span></font><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">Associate Faculty, </span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/" target="_blank"><font size="1"><span style="font-size:9pt">SPRU, </span></font></a></span></font><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">University of Sussex; <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">Guest Professor </span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/" target="_blank"><font size="1"><span style="font-size:9pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></font></a></span></font><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html" target="_blank"><font size="1"><span style="font-size:9pt">ISTIC, </span></font></a></span></font><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">Beijing;<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">Visiting Fellow, </span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/" target="_blank"><font size="1"><span style="font-size:9pt">Birkbeck</span></font></a></span></font><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="black"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black">, University of London; <u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="1" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en" target="_blank">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></font></p></span><font size="2" face="Tahoma" color="black"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></font>
</div>
<span>
<div id="gmail-m_2457476283706481955x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%"><font size="2" face="Calibri" color="#44546a"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US"><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size="2" face="Tahoma" color="black"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black"></span><u></u><u></u></font></p></div></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">------ Original Message ------<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">From: "Xueshan Yan" <<a href="mailto:yxs@pku.edu.cn" target="_blank">yxs@pku.edu.cn</a>><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">To: "FIS Group" <<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Cc: "Annette Grathoff" <<a href="mailto:annette.grathoff@is4si.org" target="_blank">annette.grathoff@is4si.org</a>>;
"<u></u>Søren Brier<u></u>" <<a href="mailto:sb.ikk@cbs.dk" target="_blank">sb.ikk@cbs.dk</a>>; "Mark Burgin" <<a href="mailto:markburg@cs.ucla.edu" target="_blank">markburg@cs.ucla.edu</a>>; "Pedro C.
Marijuán" <<a href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" target="_blank">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>>;
"Terrence Deacon" <<a href="mailto:deacon@berkeley.edu" target="_blank">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>>;
"<u></u>Joseph Brenner<u></u>" <<a href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch" target="_blank">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Sent: 1/20/2019 4:17:39 AM<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI"">Subject: [Fis] An Important Dialog<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">Dear
FIS Colleagues,</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u><u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">A few days ago, among some of active IS4SI Board
members, we have a very constructive discussion about Mark Burgin’s
General Theory of Information (GTI, based on his book <i><span style="font-style:italic">Theory of Information: Fundamentality, Diversity and
Unification</span></i>, 2010), the discussion was in progress mainly between
Joseph and Mark and focused on the following three points:</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-indent:24pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">1. Is information a phenomena or a reality?</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-indent:24pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">2. Are the mathematical methods Mark developed useful?</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-indent:24pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">3. Where is the position of a GTI?</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:24pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">I have made a commitment that I will summarize the
main arguments of the discussion then. The following are the gist of them and
please give enough attention to.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">Best wishes,</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.6pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">Xueshan</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.6pt"><font size="3" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.6pt"><font size="3" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:SimSun" lang="EN-US">
</span></font><b><font size="4" face="Century"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:Century;font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US">The main points of the arguments</span></font></b><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.6pt"><b><font size="4" face="Century"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:Century;font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></b><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:16pt" align="center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">Mark’s
gist</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u><u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0cm;margin-left:12pt;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">1. (My) GTI consists of two parts - ontology of
information and axiology of information. The mathematical component of this
theory is mainly ontological based on mathematical models of information as
operators and functors. The system of ontological and axiological principles
of the GTI provides unified foundations for information studies, though it is
difficult to understand.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">2. Information is a phenomenon. It's neither
quantitative nor qualitative. It's people (and sometimes machines) who
ascribe qualitative or quantitative measures to information. My GTI does
acknowledge qualitative information but only existence of qualitative and
quantitative measures.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">3. My GTI does not define Information in term of
bit, bit is a unit of a particular measure of information only in some
special information theory.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">4. My GTI defines information as a real essence.
Although many think that there are only one reality – physical things,
actually there are different realities.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">5. My GTI allows specification to all existing
information theories. It provides constructive tools for doing such
specifications and building special information theories without including
these theories into its scope.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">6. The theories of Shannon, Fisher or Bar-Hillel,
etc. are the varieties of GTI, together all these theories form information
science.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">7. My GTI forms a unified foundation of information
science and can be used for studies of actually any kind of information
including ethical information or semantic information, for which meaning is
the defining feature.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;line-height:16pt" align="center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">Joseph’s
gist</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style="font-family:"Segoe UI""><u></u><u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:0cm;margin-left:12pt;margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">1. There is no role for the information what Mark
stated, including qualitative, non-measurable and/or non-quantitative one. It
is a lower ontological level.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">2. A GTI should not define information in terms of
bit.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">3. The question of “What information is”
implies a substance rather than dynamic process ontology.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">4. If information is only a phenomenon, I cannot
imagine a ‘measure’ operating on an appearance.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">5. Mark’s GTI tries to explain “<b><span style="font-weight:bold">What Information Is”</span></b> but without a
discussion.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">6. If information by Mark’s GTI consideration
cannot be a process or have processual characteristics, it cannot be
‘general’.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">7. What Mark have defined is a THEORY OF GENERAL
INFORMATION but not a GENERAL THEORY OF INFORMATION.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">8. Mark’s GTI extracts the general
characteristics of information processes independently of their substratum of
physical (energetic) properties, all of the mathematical aspects of what he
has called a GTI then apply to that abstraction, and a ‘meaning’
of those aspects exists, it is tautological.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">9. What is ontologically primary, then, are the
phenomena that have meaning – the information necessary for the
survival of living beings and for their reproduction.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">10. According to Mark, Meaning will be the
foundation of all theories of information.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:12pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">11. And Mark’s GTI will become a Meta-Theory
of Information, a theory of Theories of Information.</span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:3.6pt"><b><font size="3" face="Century"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Century;font-weight:bold" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></b><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21pt;line-height:16pt"><font size="2" face="DengXian"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:DengXian" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></font><font size="2" face="SimSun"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun"><u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
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