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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy'>Dear
Xueshan,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>Thank you for facilitating this dialog. It should be mentioned that
Mark’s GTI is set out in a 600+ page book, and that nothing comparable on
information exists for my critique. That should not in and of itself invalidate
specific points I am trying to make, in my opinion.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>I cannot accept, however, Loet’s trivialization of the
discussion, as it shows among other things that he has not read <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>my </span></i>book on Logic in Reality. He does not
have a ‘monopoly’ on probability. There is a substantial discussion
of my system in terms of a non-Kolmogorovian probability distribution of
evolving complex processes, such as information generation and exchange. It is
a serious question to ask whether <i><span style='font-style:italic'>all </span></i>probability
distributions and uncertainties can be or need to be measured in bits.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>Finally, my position is consistent with Terry’s conception of
information, which includes considerations from Boltzmann and Darwin as well as
Shannon. If Mark could indicate his position on this point, it might be useful to
add it to Xueshan’s side-by-side comparison.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span
lang=EN-GB style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode";
color:navy'>Joseph<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<hr size=3 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
Fis [mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On
Behalf Of </span></b><st1:PersonName w:st="on">Loet Leydesdorff</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> dimanche, 20 janvier 2019
08:17<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> yxs@pku.edu.cn; FIS Group<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> Annette Grathoff; <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">Sřren Brier</st1:PersonName>; Mark Burgin; Pedro C. Marijuán;
Terrence Deacon; <st1:PersonName w:st="on">Joseph Brenner</st1:PersonName><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Fis] An Important
Dialog</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>It sounds a bit as a </span></font><font
face="Lucida Sans Unicode"><span style='font-family:"Lucida Sans Unicode"'>continuation</span></font><font
face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-family:"Segoe UI"'> of the discussions among
the "scavants" at the Univerrsity of Coimbra about whether we live in
the best of all possible worlds; see Voltaire's Candide. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Did the snake talk to Eve or should we take this
metaphorically? Does GTI/Sinterclaus/God exist or not? In my opinion, one were
advised to proceed to empirical research. Some questions are then more fruitful
than others. Shannon's theory of information can, for example, be used as
entropy statistics. It thus offers to combine a theoretical perspective and a
methodology. Without developing the latter, however, the discussion becomes
very abstract and philosophical.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>The linking pin, in my opinion, is the notion of
probability. A probability distribution contains an uncertainty which can be
measured in bits. A one-dimensional probability distribution can be represented
as a vector (or a set of relations); a two-dimensional as a matrix. The second
dimension can be used for the decomposition in terms of principal components
(eigenvectors). A three-dimensional probability distribution--a cube of
information--can contain local minima and trajectories in an Euclidean space. A
four-dimensional one represents a hyper-geometry containing next-order regimes
as structures of (globalized instead of stabilized) expectations. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>While instantiations can be described in three
dimensions, self-organization (autopoiesis, nisus) requires this extension to
four dimenisons of the probability distribution. The Shannon formula set no
limits on the number of dimensions and thus one obtains a rich researchable
domain. As some of you know, my interest nowadays is particularly in the
measurement and calculus of redundancy (new options). But that is only one of
the options for empirical research.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Loet<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>PS. Sinterklaas is a Dutch fest on the evening of
December 5, when a bishop arrives from Spain with presents for the children.
Most children lose their belief in his existence at the age of six or seven.
L.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div id=x920d19d74fc84b0>
<div id=x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D'>
<hr size=3 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font size=2
color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#1F497D'>Loet Leydesdorff</span></font></st1:PersonName><font size=2
color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size=2 color="#1f497d"
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Professor
emeritus, University of Amsterdam<br>
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size=2 color="#44546a"
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#44546A'><a
href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><font
size=2><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>loet@leydesdorff.net </span></font></a></span></font><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D'>; </span></font><font size=2 color="#44546a"
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#44546A'><a
href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><font
size=2><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></font></a></span></font><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D'> <br>
</span></font><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Associate Faculty, </span></font><font
size=2 color="#44546a" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><font size=1><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>SPRU, </span></font></a></span></font><font size=1
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>University of Sussex; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Guest Professor </span></font><font
size=2 color="#44546a" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><font size=1><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>Zhejiang Univ.</span></font></a></span></font><font
size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span></font><font size=2
color="#44546a" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><font size=1><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>ISTIC, </span></font></a></span></font><font size=1
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>Beijing;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Visiting Fellow, </span></font><font
size=2 color="#44546a" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><font size=1><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>Birkbeck</span></font></a></span></font><font size=1
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>, University of London; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<span style='mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin' xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><font size=1 color="#44546a"
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#44546A'><a
href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:#44546A'><br>
<br>
</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;color:black'></span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
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<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>------ Original Message ------<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>From: "Xueshan Yan" <<a
href="mailto:yxs@pku.edu.cn">yxs@pku.edu.cn</a>><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>To: "FIS Group" <<a
href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Cc: "Annette Grathoff" <<a
href="mailto:annette.grathoff@is4si.org">annette.grathoff@is4si.org</a>>;
"<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Sřren Brier</st1:PersonName>" <<a
href="mailto:sb.ikk@cbs.dk">sb.ikk@cbs.dk</a>>; "Mark Burgin" <<a
href="mailto:markburg@cs.ucla.edu">markburg@cs.ucla.edu</a>>; "Pedro C.
Marijuán" <<a href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>>;
"Terrence Deacon" <<a href="mailto:deacon@berkeley.edu">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>>;
"<st1:PersonName w:st="on">Joseph Brenner</st1:PersonName>" <<a
href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">joe.brenner@bluewin.ch</a>><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Sent: 1/20/2019 4:17:39 AM<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'>Subject: [Fis] An Important Dialog<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Segoe UI"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<div id=x11d0a83376054bd>
<blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 5.0pt;
margin-left:2.5pt;margin-top:1.5pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Dear
FIS Colleagues,</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-family:
"Segoe UI"'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Unknown" w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p></span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:21.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>A few days ago, among some of active IS4SI Board
members, we have a very constructive discussion about Mark Burgin’s
General Theory of Information (GTI, based on his book <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Theory of Information: Fundamentality, Diversity and
Unification</span></i>, 2010), the discussion was in progress mainly between
Joseph and Mark and focused on the following three points:</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd;
text-indent:24.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>1. Is information a phenomena or a reality?</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd;
text-indent:24.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>2. Are the mathematical methods Mark developed useful?</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.5gd;
text-indent:24.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>3. Where is the position of a GTI?</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
text-indent:24.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>I have made a commitment that I will summarize the
main arguments of the discussion then. The following are the gist of them and
please give enough attention to.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='layout-grid-mode:char'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Best wishes,</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.6pt;mso-para-margin-top:.3gd;layout-grid-mode:
char'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Xueshan</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.6pt;mso-para-margin-top:.3gd;layout-grid-mode:
char'><font size=3 face=SimSun><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Unknown" w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.6pt;mso-para-margin-top:.3gd;layout-grid-mode:
char'><font size=3 face=SimSun><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:SimSun'>
</span></font><b><font
size=4 face=Century><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Century;
font-weight:bold'>The main points of the arguments</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.6pt;mso-para-margin-top:.3gd;layout-grid-mode:
char'><b><font size=4 face=Century><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:Century;font-weight:bold'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font></b><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='margin-left:63.55pt;border-collapse:collapse'>
<tr>
<td width=357 valign=top style='width:213.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:16.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Mark’s
gist</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-family:"Segoe UI"'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p></span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-margin-top-alt:
.3gd;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:0cm;mso-para-margin-left:
12.0pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:16.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>1. (My) GTI consists of two parts - ontology of
information and axiology of information. The mathematical component of this
theory is mainly ontological based on mathematical models of information as
operators and functors. The system of ontological and axiological principles
of the GTI provides unified foundations for information studies, though it is
difficult to understand.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>2. Information is a phenomenon. It's neither
quantitative nor qualitative. It's people (and sometimes machines) who
ascribe qualitative or quantitative measures to information. My GTI does
acknowledge qualitative information but only existence of qualitative and
quantitative measures.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>3. My GTI does not define Information in term of
bit, bit is a unit of a particular measure of information only in some
special information theory.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>4. My GTI defines information as a real essence.
Although many think that there are only one reality – physical things,
actually there are different realities.</span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>5. My GTI allows specification to all existing
information theories. It provides constructive tools for doing such
specifications and building special information theories without including
these theories into its scope.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>6. The theories of Shannon, Fisher or Bar-Hillel,
etc. are the varieties of GTI, together all these theories form information
science.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>7. My GTI forms a unified foundation of information
science and can be used for studies of actually any kind of information
including ethical information or semantic information, for which meaning is
the defining feature.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=346 valign=top style='width:207.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:16.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>Joseph’s
gist</span></font><font face="Segoe UI"><span style='font-family:"Segoe UI"'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p></span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:3.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:12.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-margin-top-alt:
.3gd;mso-para-margin-right:0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:0cm;mso-para-margin-left:
12.0pt;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:16.0pt'><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>1. There is no role for the information what Mark
stated, including qualitative, non-measurable and/or non-quantitative one. It
is a lower ontological level.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>2. A GTI should not define information in terms of
bit.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>3. The question of “What information is”
implies a substance rather than dynamic process ontology.</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>4. If information is only a phenomenon, I cannot
imagine a ‘measure’ operating on an appearance.</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>5. Mark’s GTI tries to explain “<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>What Information Is”</span></b> but without a
discussion.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:
10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>6. If information by Mark’s GTI consideration
cannot be a process or have processual characteristics, it cannot be
‘general’.</span></font><font size=2 face=SimSun><span
style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>7. What Mark have defined is a THEORY OF GENERAL
INFORMATION but not a GENERAL THEORY OF INFORMATION.</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>8. Mark’s GTI extracts the general
characteristics of information processes independently of their substratum of
physical (energetic) properties, all of the mathematical aspects of what he
has called a GTI then apply to that abstraction, and a ‘meaning’
of those aspects exists, it is tautological.</span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>9. What is ontologically primary, then, are the
phenomena that have meaning – the information necessary for the
survival of living beings and for their reproduction.</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>10. According to Mark, Meaning will be the
foundation of all theories of information.</span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:12.0pt;text-indent:-12.0pt;line-height:
16.0pt'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:12.0pt'>11. And Mark’s GTI will become a Meta-Theory
of Information, a theory of Theories of Information.</span></font><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"></ns1:p><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.6pt;mso-para-margin-top:.3gd;layout-grid-mode:
char'><b><font size=3 face=Century><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Century;font-weight:bold'><ns1:p w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font></b><font
size=2 face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:16.0pt'><font size=2
face=DengXian><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:DengXian'><ns1:p
w:insAuthor="Unknown" w:insDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2019-01-20T08:23:00Z"> </ns1:p></span></font><font size=2
face=SimSun><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
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