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body { font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 12pt; }</style></head><body><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><blockquote cite="CA+nf4CVVF+41peuRJfvYqXaYwNv-1bHZLmDx4zE+MGACEjCXhA@mail.gmail.com" type="cite" class="cite2"><div dir="ltr"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Narratives are needed, because the facts are overwhelmingly
complex. One may invite the audience to look into a newly discovered extension
to the cave, where we no more regard the shadows of the facts, but the patterns
of the shadows of the lights we ourselves dream up. <span></span></p></div></blockquote><font face="Calibri, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 15.6933px;"><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Dear Karl, </div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><br /></div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Leibniz formulated in a letter to Huygens (8 Jan., 1692): "What I love best about the calculus is that it frees us from working with our imagination."</div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><br /></div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Reversely, a narrative is based on a geometrical metaphor; the multi-dimensional complexity is reduced to the three dimensions for working with our imaginations. However, a model may do terrible things to the tangents. </div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><br /></div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Casti, J. (1989). <i>Alternate Realities. </i>New York, etc.: Wiley; pp. 42-44:</div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><br /></div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">"Unfortunately (for the reductionist), an operation geared to simplify state descriptions will usually do drastic and terrible things to the tangent vector associated with the original system dynamics." (This reflects the inability to simultaneously simplify both the state and velocity description; Cooper Langford, personal communication, 3 Feb. 2001).</div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><br /></div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Best,</div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412">Loet</div><div id="x8bd42cb5d049412"><div><br /></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x72f25e592e17401"><div id="x775eaf3ae7f6460082dcdda3faf877c6"><div><div><br /></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x920d19d74fc84b0"><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
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<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Loet
Leydesdorff <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Professor emeritus,
University of Amsterdam<br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">; </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Associate Faculty, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">SPRU, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">University of Sussex; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guest Professor </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Beijing;<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visiting Fellow, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt">Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">,
University of London; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#44546A;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
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