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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=DA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Dear FIS Colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>For most of the time, I restrain myself from taking part in the FIS discussions – we speak different languages and adhere to different principles. My paper invited for publication in MDPI Informatics Special Issue: Selected Papers from the ISIS Summit Vienna 2015 has been declined for publication. (Never mind, it was published afterwards in the Research Gate repository <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291352419">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291352419</a> ).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>In the concluding part of the paper I enumerate 8 topics in Neuroscience research that require immediate revision taking into consideration the new principles that follow from my definition of information. For example, that information is a material, palpable string of letters and linguistic signs, a piece of text, a textual description. That means that all derivatives of semantic information (thoughts, memories, feelings, and so on) are material entities (“Information as a thing” – once there was a fierce debate around this subject). Or, as Mark Burgin claims: </span><span lang=DA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>”Now assuming that information exists, we have only one option, namely, to admit that information is physical because only physical things exist”. </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>(I do not use the term “physical”, I distinguish Physical and Semantic Information. In place of Burgin’s “physical” I prefer to use the term “material”).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>I would not remind you of our old controversies but recently UCLA researchers reported that they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another (<b>Biologists 'transfer' a memory, <a href="https://medicalxpress.com/neuroscience-news/"><span style='font-weight:normal'>Neuroscience </span></a></b>, <b><a href="https://medicalxpress.com/archive/14-05-2018/"><span style='font-weight:normal'>May 14, 2018</span></a></b>, University of California, Los Angeles, <b><a href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-05-memory-snails.html"><span style='font-weight:normal'>https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-05-memory-snails.html</span></a></b> ).<b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>I hope that the UCLA finding will put an end to the question “Is information material (physical, in Burgin’s inquiry)?” Yes, information is material. Other options do not exist.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>Best regards, Emanuel.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>