<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 20 May 2018, at 11:59, John Collier <<a href="mailto:ag659@ncf.ca" class="">ag659@ncf.ca</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class="">
  
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class="">
  
  <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    I am not much for the collapse of the wave packet. Bohm and Hiley
    avoid the problem altogether with their guiding wave, though the
    section in their book on special relativity I don't really get.
    General relativity presents further problems, bu this is also true
    of the standard interpretation.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div><div>But not in Everett QM-without-collapse. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>Bohm can be seen like accepting the many worlds, but adding a potential guiding particles in it. That potential is see as physical, and thus brought Faster than Light action, which is indeed hard to make sense even just with special relativity and a minimal amount of physical realism.</div><div><br class=""></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    <br class="">
    I further not that in a book edited by Steven Savitt there are tow
    articles that show that macroscopic measurements (indirect all they
    may be) allow measurement of the quantum state that is reversible.
    One author is James Leggett, and the other is Phil Stamp. Both at
    least suggest that irreversibly, such as it is in QM is due to
    thermodynamics of a fairly normal kine. Legget makes this claim
    exactly<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div><div>I agree with them.</div><div><br class=""></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    <br class="">
    I would further not that this view fits rather nicely with the
    Bohm-Hiley with respect to there views of reversibility through
    thermodynamics. <br class="">
    <br class="">
    <br class="">
    Overall, I take it that the collapse of the wave packet has be shown
    empirically wrong, and it is no basis for further explorations in
    Quantum Mechanics.<br class=""></div></div></blockquote><div><br class=""></div><div>I tend to agree with this. </div><div><br class=""></div><div>Best,</div><div><br class=""></div><div>Bruno</div><div><br class=""></div><div>(Probably more online on this)</div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><div><br class=""></div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class=""><div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" class="">
    <br class="">
    John<br class="">
    <br class="">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 2018/05/17 4:30 PM,
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</a> wrote:<br class="">
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:327055862.11970.1526567420676@mail.libero.it" class="">
      <meta charset="UTF-8" class=""><p class="">Dear Bruno, </p><p class="">as far as you wrote and I understood, your Mechanistic
        framework requires the tenet that quantum wave collapse does not
        exist. </p><p class="">In order to prove that, you invoke the authority of Everett.</p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p><p class=""><br class="">
        I want to provide a simple, very rough explanation (excuse me!),
        for the FISers unaware of the Everett's account:</p><p class=""><br class="">
        You are in front of two streets, one turns left and the other
        turns rigth. </p><p class="">You have to choose where to turn. </p><p class="">If you turn left, you could not anymore turn right. </p><p class="">This is, very roughly speaking, what <strong class="">quantum wave
          collapse</strong> means: if you make a choice, it is
        irreversible in our Universe.<br class="">
      </p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p><p class="">In order to avoid such irreversibility, <strong class="">Everett, who
          did not like quantum wave collapse, provided the following
          account</strong>: </p><p class="">every time you have to choose whether you have to turn left or
        right, the entire Universe splits in two different Universes: in
        one Universe you turn left, while another you turns right in
        another Universe.</p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p><p class=""> <br class="">
        Now, dear FISer, tell me if the Everett's approach is tenable or
        it is not, and, if your answer is that it is tenable, tell me
        how it could be even theoretically demonstrated.  </p><p class=""><br class="">
      </p>
      <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4" style="word-wrap: break-word;" class=""><br class="">
        <blockquote type="cite" class="">Il 17 maggio 2018 alle 11.25 Bruno
          Marchal <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:marchal@ulb.ac.be"><marchal@ulb.ac.be></a> ha scritto: <br class="">
          <br class="">
          Dear Arturo,
          <div class=""><br class="">
          </div>
          <div class=""><br class="">
            <div class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">On 14 May 2018, at 12:25, <a href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">tozziarturo@libero.it</a>
                  wrote:</div>
                <br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-Apple-interchange-newline">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">Daer Bruno, </p><p class="">first of all, sorry for the previous
                      private communication, but for a mistake, I did
                      not add the FIS list in the CC. </p><p class=""><br class="">
                    </p><p class="">Concerning your Faith, i.e., arithmetic,</p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class="">I agree it is faith, but it is less faith than any
                scientists. Especially that we need only a tiny part of
                the arithmetical truth. </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">Did you have heard about someone taking back his/her
                children from primary school when they are taught the
                laws of addition and multiplication, by claiming they
                have not that faith?</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">this appraoch... simply does not work
                      for the description of physical and biological
                      issues. </p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class="">The approach just study the necessary logical
                consequence of assuming our bodies to be digitalisable.
                 I predicted all the quantum weirdness from this 45
                years ago. But then it took me 30 years to get precise
                mathematical predictions, which until now fits with the
                fact, when physicalism needs a brain-mind identity
                thesis which has been shown inconsistent. </div>
              <div class="">I am not sure why you say that Mechanism cannot work
                for physical and biological issues. You might confuse
                the computable (like automata), and the semi-computable
                (like the universal Turing machine).</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">It is just in our mind.  See: </p><p class=""><a href="http://vixra.org/abs/1804.0132" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://vixra.org/abs/1804.0132</a></p>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">What do you mean by “real world”?</div>
              <div class="">I agree Euclid geometry is in our head. The whole
                physical reality is indeed shown to be “in the head” of
                *any* universal machine or universal number, etc.</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class=""><br class="">
                    </p><p class="">I'm not confusing digital physics with
                      Mechanism, and I read, of course, the work of
                      Everett (the original mathematical one), and it is
                      exactly like Mechanism: an untestable, fashinating
                      analogy.  He wants, without any possibility of
                      proof, to extend the realm of quantum dynamics to
                      the whole macroscopic world. </p>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">For a logician; Everett is the Herbrand model of the
                Schroedinger equation, that is QM without the
                unintelligible “collapse” of the wave. Put simply: the
                “many-world” is just literal quantum mechanics without
                collapse.</div>
              <div class="">Everett did not propose a new speculative theory: he
                just showed that we don’t need the collapse axiom, as QM
                + mechanism recovers it phenomenologically. Then my work
                shows this can work only if we recover also the wave
                itself from arithmetic (or Turing equivalent).</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">It is the collapse which is bad and unclear, and not
                needed, untestable, assumption. </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">When you state that:</p>
                    <blockquote type="cite" class="">"the reality becomes the
                      universal mind (the mind of the universal Turing
                      machine) and the physical is the border of the
                      universal mind viewed from inside that universal
                      mind".</blockquote><p class="">you are saying something that,
                      reductionistic or not (I do not understand your
                      emphasis on this rather trascurable concepts of
                      matter, reduction, and so on), needs to be clearly
                      proofed, before becoming the gold standard. </p>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">What I did has been peer reviewed and verified by
                many people. Have you read my papers?</div>
              <div class="">Did you find a problem, or are you just criticising
                the assumption/theory? Ask specific question, but
                normally all this has been clearly proofed. </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">A suggestion: you cold try to correlate
                      your "physical border of the Universal mind viewed
                      from inside that universal mind" with the
                      holographic principle and the cosmic horizon. </p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class="">I prefer to invoke the physical reality only for the
                testing. There is some possible analogy here, which
                might be interesting, but Mechanism is an hypothesis in
                psychology, or theology, not in physics, which needs to
                be entirely recovered from arithmetic (or Turing
                equivalent). For this type of Mechanist (Neo)platonism:
                looking at the physical universe is … cheating.
                (Somehow).</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">But in order to do that, you need a
                      strong math, not to quote old philosophers that,</p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">I have decided to study Mathematics for just that. My
                thesis is a PhD in mathematics and theoretical computer
                science. All what I say has been translated entirely in
                arithmetic, by using Gödel’s technic of arithmetisation
                of metamathematics. I got testable quantitative result
                which have been tested. I am not sure you have study my
                work, which is usually criticised for being …
                mathematics.</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">for a simple matter of luck, were able
                      to inconsciously predict some recent developments
                      of the modern science.</p>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class="">? I predicted the non-cloning theorem 30 years before
                the physicist get it, and much more. </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">Please study my papers before judging(*)</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">  I like logic, I love logic, I read
                      logic, I study logic, I read a lot of the latin
                      texts of the old philosophers that use it (in the
                      Medioeval ones), but I have to confess that the
                      scientific value of logic is close to zero.  Both
                      of the ancient and of the "novel" logics.</p>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">The logicians are the one who discovered the
                universal machine (computer), before it was build. You
                are using one just now. You seem to ignore Gödel’s
                contribution, which in my opinion is, when we assume
                mechanism (the older metaphysical/theological
                assumption)  the most important result ever discovered
                by the humans.</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class=""><p class="">Sorry again! </p>
                    <div class=""><br class="">
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">You don’t need to be sorry, but my feeling is that
                you are not aware of the result that I got. It is
                science, which means that it is not a question of
                agreeing or disagreeing, but of understanding or
                refuting.</div>
              <div class="">Maybe you could study the following papers (if
                interested):</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">Marchal B. The computationalist reformulation of the
                mind-body problem. Prog Biophys Mol Biol;
                2013 Sep;113(1):127-40 <br class="">
                <br class="">
                Marchal B. The Universal Numbers. From Biology to
                Physics, Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology,
                2015, Vol. 119, Issue 3, 368-381. <br class="">
                <br class="">
                B. Marchal. The Origin of Physical Laws and Sensations.
                In 4th International System Administration and Network
                Engineering Conference, SANE 2004, Amsterdam, 2004. <br class="">
                <a href="http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/%7Emarchal/publications/SANE2004MARCHALAbstract.html" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/publications/SANE2004MARCHALAbstract.html</a>
                (sane04) <br class="">
                <br class="">
                Plotinus PDF paper link: <br class="">
                <a href="http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/%7Emarchal/publications/CiE2007/SIENA.pdf" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/publications/CiE2007/SIENA.pdf</a>
                <br class="">
                (Reference: Marchal, B, 2007, B. Marchal. A Purely
                Arithmetical, yet Empirically Falsifiable, Interpretation
                of Plotinus’ Theory of Matter. In Barry Cooper S. Löwe
                B., Kent T. F. and Sorbi A., editors, Computation and
                Logic in the Real World, Third Conference on
                Computability in Europe June 18-23, pages 263–273.
                Universita degli studi di Sienna, Dipartimento di
                Roberto Magari, 2007).</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">The math part requires some background in
                mathematical logic including provability logics, like:</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">G. Boolos. 1979, The Unprovability of Consistency, an
                Essay in Modal Logic,  <br class="">
                Cambridge University Press. <br class="">
                <br class="">
                G. Boolos. The Logic of Provability. Cambridge
                University Press, Cambridge, 1993.</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">Best,</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">Bruno</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <div class="">PS That is my second message. Possible comment next
                week.</div>
              <div class=""><br class="">
              </div>
              <br class="">
              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                <div class="">
                  <div class="">
                    <div class="">   <br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-webkit-block-placeholder">
                    </div><p class=""><br class="">
                    </p>
                    <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d" style="word-wrap: break-word;" class=""><br class="">
                      <blockquote type="cite" class="">---------- Messaggio
                        originale ---------- <br class="">
                        Da: Bruno Marchal < <a href="mailto:marchal@ulb.ac.be" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">marchal@ulb.ac.be</a>>
                        <br class="">
                        A: FIS Webinar < <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>>
                        <br class="">
                        Data: 14 maggio 2018 alle 11.48 <br class="">
                        Oggetto: Re: [Fis] [FIS] Is information
                        physical? <br class="">
                        <br class="">
                        Dear Arturo, Dear Colleagues, 
                        <div class=""><br class="">
                        </div>
                        <div class=""><br class="">
                          <div class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class="">On 11 May 2018, at 18:36, <a href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">tozziarturo@libero.it</a>
                                wrote:</div>
                              <br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-interchange-newline">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px; margin-top:
                                  0px;" class="">Dear Bruno,<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
                                  I'm sorry, but I cannot agree.</p>
                                <div class=""><br class="">
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">I take a disagreement as a
                              courtesy to pursue a conversation, which
                              would be boring without them.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">But, what I say has been
                              proved, peer reviewed by many, so it is
                              perhaps more a matter of understanding
                              than of agreeing.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Or you are just telling me
                              that you disbelieve in Mechanism. I prefer
                              to remain agnostic.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Mechanism is my working
                              hypothesis. The idea is to take it
                              seriously until we find a contradiction
                              (internal or with the observation). It is
                              a common by default type of hypothesis,
                              held by many people, notably most
                              materialist. But here I can prove that
                              (even weak) materialism (the belief in
                              ontological primary substances/matter) is
                              inconsistent with (even weak) mechanism.
                              See my papers for this, it is not entirely
                              obvious. </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">"eve­ntually
                                  I found a co­nceptually isomorphic
                                  explanation in ari­thmetic." 
                                  Isomorphy is a dangerous claim: the
                                  underliying mechanisms in biology
                                  could be something other than
                                  isomorphism (i.e., an Ehresmann
                                  connection in a hyperbolic manifold,
                                  as it occurs in gauge theories).</p>
                                <div class=""><br class="">
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Nothing in the observation
                              point on either primary matter, nor on non
                              mechanism. I am not sure why you think
                              that Ehresmann connection or gauge
                              theories are non mechanist. Actually
                              Mechanism entails that the physical
                              phenomenology cannot be mechanistic. You
                              might confuse Mechanism in the cognitive
                              science with digital physics. </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Digital physics (the idea that
                              the physical reality is Turing emulable)
                              does not make any sense. It entails
                              mechanism, but mechanism entails the
                              falsity of digital physics (see my paper
                              or ask question: that is not obvious). So,
                              with or without Mechanism, Digital Physics
                              makes no sense.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">Futhermore,
                                  you simply change the name of the
                                  primum movens, the first principium:
                                  instead of calling it physics, you
                                  call it arithmetic.  This is as
                                  fideistic as the Carnap's physicalist
                                  claims. <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
                                </p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class="">?</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Physics assumes Arithmetic.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Arithmetic do not assume
                              physics.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">I can follow you with the idea
                              that arithmetic still ask for some faith,
                              but the amount is less than assuming a
                              primary physical reality.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Then, I have never heard about
                              parents taking back their kids when they
                              are taught elementary arithmetic.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Also, with mechanism, we need
                              to assume only a Turing universal
                              machinery. With less than that, we get no
                              universal machinery at all. With one of
                              them, we get all of them. I simply use
                              arithmetic because everyone are familiar
                              with it. The theology and physics of
                              machine do not depend on the choice of the
                              universal system assumed at the start. It
                              is an important new invariant of physics.
                              Indeed, it determines entirely physics
                              (always assuming Mechanism (aka
                              computationalism).</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">"If
                                  you think that a brain is not Turing
                                  emul­able, you might be the one to
                                  whom people can ask".  The burden of
                                  the final proof is yours, because your
                                  claim is stronger and less
                                  conventional than mine.</p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Mechanism is a common,
                              implicit or explicit, hypothesis among
                              philosophers and scientists. It is a very
                              old theory, already in “the question of
                              Milinda” (a buddhist old text), and of
                              course Descartes. Diderot identified it
                              with rationalism. That makes sense,
                              because to assume its negation consists in
                              adding something for which we do not have
                              any evidence (until now).</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Maybe you confuse computable
                              (like automata) and semi-computable (like
                              Turing machine). It is the existence of
                              universal machine which is responsible for
                              the incompleteness of theories, because
                              there is no complete theory possible for
                              anything enough rich to prove the
                              existence of universal machine, like,
                              amazingly enough, already very elementary
                              arithmetic.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""> 
                                  If you say that angels do exist, you
                                  have to provide the proof, it's not me
                                  that have to provide the proofs that
                                  they do not exist. <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
                                <div class=""><br class="">
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">But you are the one saying
                              that “angels” exist, with “angels”
                              pointing on something not “computable nor
                              semi-computable” in nature or the mind …</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Mechanism is just the
                              conjunction of the Church-Turing thesis
                              (CT) + “yes doctor” (YD, the idea that we
                              can survive with a brain digital
                              prosthesis). A version of Mechanism is
                              that there is no magic at play in our
                              body.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Then it seems that you claim a
                              form of weak materialism, but there too,
                              you are the one reifying the notion of
                              primary-matter. That is a strong axiom in
                              metaphysics, and there are no evidences
                              for it. It is a natural extrapolation from
                              the mundane experience, and we can
                              understand why evolution has select such a
                              belief, as we need to take the existence
                              of prey and predator seriously. But this,
                              as the Indian and Greeks understood a long
                              time ago, does not provide any evidence of
                              primary matter (a notion absent of any
                              book in physics).</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">"I
                                  will ask your evidence for the wave
                                  collapse." This is indeed a strange
                                  claim.  There are tons of published
                                  papers that demonstrate the wave
                                  collapse. </p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">?</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">You might give one reference.
                              I have never found one. I would say that
                              there are evidences for the wave only. </div>
                            <div class="">The collapse is an addition to
                              avoid the many-histories/worlds/minds,
                              which follows from taking the wave
                              seriously, as the experimental
                              interference invites us to do. It
                              introduces an non intelligible cut between
                              the observed and the observer. It
                              introduces indeterminacy and non locality.
                              And there are many incompatible theories
                              for the collapse, which is indeed rather
                              non intelligible.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Then, with Mechanism, the
                              problem is that we have to extract the
                              wave too, from *all* computations, and not
                              just the quantum one. But that is what I
                              have done: I extracted a quantum logic
                              where machines have to expect it: a
                              measure on all computations.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">You
                                  may discuss why and how it occurs, but
                                  you cannot negate this clear, polite,
                                  puzzling, experimentally-detected
                                  phenomenon.</p>
                                <div class=""><br class="">
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">I would suggest you to study
                              the work of Everett, who by using only the
                              wave and Mechanism, explains entirely the
                              appearance of a collapse without assuming
                              it. </div>
                            <div class="">Then, as I say, bu using
                              mechanism, Everett missed that all
                              computations are already in arithmetic,
                              and that universal digital machine cannot
                              detect in the first person way if they are
                              emulated by any basic particular universal
                              machine, and the wave itself required to
                              be explained by digital information theory
                              (aka computer science).</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Here, very often people misses
                              that all computations are not just
                              described in elementary arithmetic, but
                              are realised, in virtue of the true
                              relations among numbers. 99% of this has
                              been found by Gödel, but Gödel missed the
                              point, done later by Turing, Post, Church,
                              Kleene, etc.</div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">I
                                  think that your theory has just
                                  analogies with quantum dynamics, and
                                  the analogy is the worst enemy of
                                  science.</p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class="">There is no analogy. When you
                              say “yes doctor”, the digital brain in the
                              head will not be an analogy. The rest
                              followed by logic and elementary
                              arithmetic.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">This
                                  seems the same type of theories that
                                  claim, for a simple analogy, that the
                                  brain and consciousness work at
                                  quantum levels.<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
                                </p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class="">But if we postulate collapse,
                              all the evidence becomes evidence for
                              this. Yet, Abner Shimony has refuted, or
                              show the amount of magic, needed to
                              sustain that consciousness reduces the
                              wave packet. </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">You might study my papers, as
                              all what I say just follow from CT + YD.
                              (Church’s Thesis + “Yes doctor”).
                              Sometimes I call it Indexical
                              computationalism, to distinguish it from
                              Digital physics (in metaphysics. Digital
                              physics can be useful as an approximation
                              in some branches of physics).</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">Sorry,
                                  but diplomacy has never been my first
                                  virtue…</p>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">No problem Arturo, as long as
                              you don’t use insult or mockery, or ad
                              hominem remarks, or things like that,
                              which I take as “I have no argument but
                              dislike what you did”.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">My feeling is that you might
                              ignore the important difference between
                              computable and semi-computable, and you
                              might think that mechanism is a
                              reductionism, when it is more like a
                              vaccine against the reductionist
                              conception of machine and numbers,
                              enforced by the incompleteness theorem.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">You can guess that mechanism
                              is less reductionist than non-mechanism,
                              as the mechanist will say yes to his
                              daughter when she want to marry a man with
                              a prosthetic brain, where the
                              non-mechanist will treat such a man as a
                              less human, if not a( philosophical)
                              zombie. Then you seem to assume a primary
                              physical universe, which eventually do not
                              make sense with the mechanist hypothesis.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">To sum up; I have done two
                              things: </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">- I have shown that (weak)
                              mechanism is logically incompatible with
                              (weak) materialism. So there is no problem
                              with Materialists who reject Mechanism: as
                              they should.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">_ I have shown, by keeping up
                              with my mechanist hypothesis, how to
                              recover the physical appearance and its
                              stability from arithmetic (or anything
                              Turing equivalent). That makes Mechanism
                              testable, by comparing the physics “in the
                              head of the universal machine/number” with
                              the observation. I did indeed extracted
                              already the propositional physical logic,
                              and got a quantum logic, which fits well
                              with the one of the quantum physical
                              logician (and is richer, so it makes new
                              prediction). If mechanism is false, this
                              provides in the Mong run a method to
                              evaluate how much mechanism is wrong, and,
                              who knows, to detect primary matter. But
                              up to now, the empirical study of nature
                              confirms Mechanism, more than Materialism.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">I don’t know if mechanism is
                              true or false. But I will not hide that I
                              find it elegant. Arithmetic gives the
                              third person sharable information, and
                              incompleteness + non definability gives a
                              platonic sort of first person information
                              “theology” which includes the physical
                              (material) appearances as an unavoidable
                              phenomenology. I predicted the many-worlds
                              from mechanism and arithmetic much before
                              I knew about quantum physics, but it took
                              me 30 years of works to derive precisely
                              the quantum logical formalism. Needless to
                              say, many open problems remains, but if we
                              count the experimental evidences, they all
                              add yup to mechanism, and none add up to
                              (even weak) materialism. With Mechanism,
                              Mark Burgin is right: information is not
                              physical, but so is matter and the whole
                              object of physics. Abstractly; the reality
                              becomes the universal mind (the mind of
                              the universal Turing machine) and the
                              physical is the border of the universal
                              mind viewed from inside that universal
                              mind. Again, I do not defend that claim. I
                              show it testable only.</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Best regards,</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <div class="">Bruno</div>
                            <div class=""><br class="">
                            </div>
                            <br class="">
                            <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                              <div class=""><p style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><br class="">
                                  <br class="">
                                </p>
                                <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-mail-app-auto-default-signature" style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class=""><p class="">--<br class="">
                                    Inviato da Libero Mail per Android</p>
                                </div>
                                <span style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px; float:
                                  none; display: inline;" class="">venerdì,
                                  11 maggio 2018, 06:03PM +02:00 da
                                  Bruno Marchal<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>
                                <a href="mailto:marchal@ulb.ac.be" style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">marchal@ulb.ac.be</a>
                                <span style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px; float:
                                  none; display: inline;" class="">:</span>
                                <br style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">
                                <br style="font-family: Helvetica;
                                  font-size: 12px; font-style: normal;
                                  font-weight: normal; text-indent: 0px;
                                  text-transform: none; white-space:
                                  normal; word-spacing: 0px;" class="">
                                <blockquote class="">
                                  <div class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-js-readmsg-msg
ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-js-helper">
                                    <div class="">
                                      <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-style_15260546960000035185_BODY" class="">
                                        <div class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-class_1526063928">Dear
                                          Arturo,
                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                          </div>
                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                            <div class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class="">On 10 May
                                                  2018, at 15:23, <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span> <a href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it" class="" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">tozziarturo@libero.it</a>
                                                  <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span>wrote:</div>
                                                <br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-interchange-newline_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                <div class=""><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;
                                                    margin-top: 0px;">Dear
                                                    Bruno,<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space_mailru_css_attribute_postfix"> </span><br class="">
                                                    You state:<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space_mailru_css_attribute_postfix"> </span><br class="">
                                                    "IF indexical
                                                    digital mechanism is
                                                    correct in the
                                                    cognitive science,<br class="">
                                                    THEN “physical” has
                                                    to be defined
                                                    entirely in
                                                    arithmetical term,
                                                    i.e. “physical”
                                                    becomes a
                                                    mathematical notion.<br class="">
                                                    ...Indexical digital
                                                    mechanism is the
                                                    hypothesis that
                                                    there is a level of
                                                    description of the
                                                    brain/body such that
                                                    I would survive, or
                                                    “not feel any
                                                    change” if my
                                                    brain/body is
                                                    replaced by a
                                                    digital machine
                                                    emulating the
                                                    brain/body at that
                                                    level of
                                                    description".</p><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">The
                                                    problem of your
                                                    account is the
                                                    following:<br class="">
                                                    You say "IF" and
                                                    "indexical digital
                                                    mechanism is the
                                                    HYPOTHESIS”.<br class="">
                                                  </p>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class="">Yes, indeed.
                                                It is my working
                                                hypothesis. The idea
                                                came when asking myself
                                                how an amoeba can build
                                                an amoeba. Then I
                                                discovered the solution
                                                provided by molecular
                                                genetics, and eventually
                                                I found a conceptually
                                                isomorphic explanation
                                                in arithmetic. Note that
                                                by making explicit the
                                                use of the level of
                                                description, my
                                                hypothesis is much
                                                weaker than most form of
                                                computationalism you can
                                                see in the literature.
                                                My reasoning would
                                                remain valid even if my
                                                body is the entire
                                                universe, described by
                                                quantum string theory
                                                with 10^(10^100) exact
                                                decimals.</div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class=""><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">Therefore,
                                                    you are talking of
                                                    an HYPOTHESIS: it is
                                                    not empirically
                                                    tested and it is not
                                                    empirically
                                                    testable. <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class="">I start from
                                                an hypothesis and show,
                                                on the contrary that it
                                                is testable. I predicted
                                                well before I knew
                                                anything on quantum
                                                mechanics that Mechanism
                                                entails that if we look
                                                at nature below our
                                                substitution level, we
                                                should find the trace of
                                                infinitely many
                                                computations, and only
                                                later did I discover
                                                that quantum mechanics,
                                                without the wave
                                                collapse, entails
                                                something very similar.
                                                But Mechanism leads also
                                                to a complete formalism
                                                for both quanta and
                                                qualia, and here too,
                                                the theory/hypothesis
                                                match with facts. As it
                                                predicts a richer
                                                formalism, some crucial
                                                tests remain to be
                                                done. </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class=""><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">You
                                                    are starting with a
                                                    sort of postulate:
                                                    I, and other people,
                                                    do not agree with
                                                    it. </p>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class="">I prefer to
                                                not say my opinion. I am
                                                not defending Mechanism.
                                                I show it testable. My
                                                goal consists in showing
                                                that we can do
                                                metaphysics with the
                                                scientific method, where
                                                we never claim that
                                                something is true, just
                                                that the evidences makes
                                                it plausible.</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">The negation
                                                of the digital mechanist
                                                theory is usually
                                                considered as more
                                                “extra-ordinary”, as it
                                                implies either actual
                                                infinities, or some sort
                                                of magic. If you think
                                                that a brain is not
                                                Turing emulable, you
                                                might be the one to whom
                                                people can ask: what is
                                                your evidence? You might
                                                need to refer to
                                                something non computable
                                                in Nature and not
                                                recoverable through the
                                                first person
                                                indeterminacy. Note that
                                                mechanism entails that
                                                physics is NOT emulable
                                                by a Turing machine, and
                                                that consciousness is
                                                NOT emulable by a
                                                machine), so you need
                                                special sort of
                                                infinities. In fact,
                                                non-computationalism can
                                                only benefit from the
                                                study of
                                                computationalism, as it
                                                shows what is need for a
                                                theory to be a
                                                non-computationalist
                                                theory of mind. </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class=""><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">The
                                                    current neuroscience
                                                    does not state that
                                                    our brain/body is
                                                    (or can be replaced
                                                    by) a digital
                                                    machine.<br class="">
                                                  </p>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class="">At which
                                                level?</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">Except for
                                                the famous but
                                                controversial “reduction
                                                of the wave packet” we
                                                still don’t have find in
                                                Nature a non computable
                                                process. That might
                                                exist, as we can
                                                “mathematically” find
                                                non computable solution
                                                to the Schroedinger
                                                equation, but those are
                                                not of the type we
                                                observe anywhere.</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class=""><p class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">In
                                                    other words, your
                                                    "IF" stands for
                                                    something that
                                                    possibly does not
                                                    exist in our real
                                                    world.  Here your
                                                    entire building
                                                    falls down. <span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space_mailru_css_attribute_postfix"> </span><br class="">
                                                  </p>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">?</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">It falls
                                                down because you are
                                                making the contrary
                                                hypothesis, the
                                                hypothesis that
                                                something is not Turing
                                                emulable in nature, nor
                                                recoverable by the first
                                                person indeterminacy.
                                                That might be possible,
                                                but that has not been
                                                proved, nor even really
                                                defined. Your own
                                                hypothesis falls down by
                                                a similar argument than
                                                yours, but your own
                                                hypothesis is not as
                                                well clear as mine,
                                                unless you invoke the
                                                wave collapse? In that
                                                case, I will ask your
                                                evidence for the wave
                                                collapse.</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">You cannot
                                                use the word “real”.
                                                That is the same mistake
                                                than using the word God.
                                                What is real is what we
                                                search. We cannot start
                                                from the answer.</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">My feeling
                                                is that you confuse the
                                                universal machine, which
                                                is only partially
                                                computable, and
                                                confronted to a lot of
                                                non computable truth in
                                                arithmetic with the
                                                pre-Godelian conception
                                                of the machine, closer
                                                to to the notion now
                                                called automata. I guess
                                                I will have opportunity
                                                to make this clear.</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">I would like
                                                to insist (and detailed
                                                perhaps later) that
                                                Mechanism is the less
                                                reductionist theory we
                                                can imagine. Indeed, a
                                                universal machine can
                                                refute all complete
                                                theories about itself.
                                                It is a sort of
                                                universal dissident.
                                                More intuitively, it
                                                does not qualify as
                                                zombie a man or woman
                                                who would have survived
                                                with some brain
                                                prosthesis. The moral
                                                question will eventually
                                                be this one: “do you
                                                accept that your son or
                                                daughter marry someone
                                                having got an artificial
                                                hippocampus prosthesis? </div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <div class="">Bruno</div>
                                              <div class=""><br class="">
                                              </div>
                                              <br class="">
                                              <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                <div class="">
                                                  <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-mail-app-auto-default-signature_mailru_css_attribute_postfix" class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;"><p class="">--<br class="">
                                                      Inviato da Libero
                                                      Mail per Android</p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <span class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;
                                                    float: none;
                                                    display: inline;">giovedì,
                                                    10 maggio 2018,
                                                    02:46PM +02:00 da
                                                    Bruno Marchal<span class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-converted-space_mailru_css_attribute_postfix"> </span></span>
                                                  <a href="mailto:marchal@ulb.ac.be" class="" target="_blank" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;" moz-do-not-send="true">marchal@ulb.ac.be</a> <span class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;
                                                    float: none;
                                                    display: inline;">:</span>
                                                  <br class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">
                                                  <br class="" style="font-family:
                                                    Helvetica;
                                                    font-size: 12px;
                                                    font-style: normal;
                                                    font-weight: normal;
                                                    text-indent: 0px;
                                                    text-transform:
                                                    none; white-space:
                                                    normal;
                                                    word-spacing: 0px;">
                                                  <blockquote class="">
                                                    <div class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-js-readmsg-msg_mailru_css_attribute_postfix
ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-js-helper_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                      <div class="">
                                                        <div id="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-style_15259565360000035165_BODY_mailru_css_attribute_postfix" class="">
                                                          <div class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-class_1525973693_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                          <div class="">(This
                                                          mail has been
                                                          sent
                                                          previously ,
                                                          but without
                                                          success. I
                                                          resend it,
                                                          with minor
                                                          changes).
                                                          Problems due
                                                          to different
                                                          accounts. It
                                                          was my first
                                                          comment to
                                                          Mark Burgin
                                                          new thread “Is
                                                          information
                                                          physical?”.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          Dear Mark,
                                                          Dear
                                                          Colleagues,
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Apology
                                                          for not
                                                          answering the
                                                          mails in the
                                                          chronological
                                                          orders, as my
                                                          new computer
                                                          classifies
                                                          them in some
                                                          mysterious
                                                          way!</div>
                                                          <div class="">This
                                                          is my first
                                                          post of the
                                                          week. I might
                                                          answer
                                                          comment, if
                                                          any, at the
                                                          end of the
                                                          week.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                          <div class="">On
                                                          25 Apr 2018,
                                                          at 03:47,
                                                          Burgin, Mark
                                                          < <a href="mailto:mburgin@math.ucla.edu" class="" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">mburgin@math.ucla.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
                                                          <br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-Apple-interchange-newline_mailru_css_attribute_postfix_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                          <div class=""><p class="" style="background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;">Dear
                                                          Colleagues,</p><p class="" style="background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;">I
                                                          would like to
                                                          suggest the
                                                          new topic for
                                                          discussion</p><p class="" style="background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;">                                     
                                                          Is information
                                                          physical?<br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">That
                                                          is an
                                                          important
                                                          topic indeed,
                                                          very close to
                                                          what I am
                                                          working on. </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">My
                                                          result here is
                                                          that </div>
                                                          <div class=""><strong class=""><u class=""><br class="">
                                                          </u></strong></div>
                                                          <div class=""><strong class=""><u class="">IF</u></strong> indexical
                                                          digital
                                                          mechanism is
                                                          correct in the
                                                          cognitive
                                                          science, </div>
                                                          <div class=""><strong class=""><u class=""><br class="">
                                                          </u></strong></div>
                                                          <div class=""><strong class=""><u class="">THEN</u></strong>  “physical”
                                                          has to be
                                                          defined
                                                          entirely in
                                                          arithmetical
                                                          term, i.e.
                                                          “physical”
                                                          becomes a
                                                          mathematical
                                                          notion.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">The
                                                          proof is
                                                          constructive.
                                                          It shows
                                                          exactly how to
                                                          derive physics
                                                          from
                                                          Arithmetic
                                                          (the reality,
                                                          not the
                                                          theory. I use
                                                          “reality”
                                                          instead of
                                                          “model"
                                                          (logician’s
                                                          term, because
                                                          physicists use
                                                          “model" for
                                                          “theory").</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Indexical
                                                          digital
                                                          mechanism is
                                                          the hypothesis
                                                          that there is
                                                          a level of
                                                          description of
                                                          the brain/body
                                                          such that I
                                                          would survive,
                                                          or “not feel
                                                          any change” if
                                                          my brain/body
                                                          is replaced by
                                                          a digital
                                                          machine
                                                          emulating the
                                                          brain/body at
                                                          that level of
                                                          description.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Not
                                                          only
                                                          information is
                                                          not physical,
                                                          but matter,
                                                          time, space,
                                                          and all
                                                          physical
                                                          objects become
                                                          part of the
                                                          universal
                                                          machine
                                                          phenomenology.
                                                          Physics is
                                                          reduced to
                                                          arithmetic,
                                                          or,
                                                          equivalently,
                                                          to any
                                                          Turing-complete
                                                          machinery.
                                                          Amazingly
                                                          Arithmetic
                                                          (even the tiny
semi-computable part of arithmetic) is Turing complete (Turing
                                                          Universal).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">The
                                                          basic idea is
                                                          that:</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">1)
                                                          no universal
                                                          machine can
                                                          distinguish if
                                                          she is
                                                          executed by an
                                                          arithmetical
                                                          reality or by
                                                          a physical
                                                          reality. And,</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">2)
                                                          all universal
                                                          machines are
                                                          executed in
                                                          arithmetic,
                                                          and they are
                                                          necessarily
                                                          undetermined
                                                          on the set of
                                                          of all its
                                                          continuations
                                                          emulated in
                                                          arithmetic. </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">That
                                                          reduces
                                                          physics to a
                                                          statistics on
                                                          all
                                                          computations
                                                          relative to my
                                                          actual state,
                                                          and see from
                                                          some first
                                                          person points
                                                          of view
                                                          (something I
                                                          can describe
                                                          more precisely
                                                          in some future
                                                          post perhaps).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Put
                                                          in that way,
                                                          the proof is
                                                          not
                                                          constructive,
                                                          as, if we are
                                                          machine, we
                                                          cannot know
                                                          which machine
                                                          we are. But
                                                          Gödel’s
                                                          incompleteness
                                                          can be used to
                                                          recover this
                                                          constructively
                                                          for a simpler
                                                          machine than
                                                          us, like Peano
                                                          arithmetic.
                                                          This way of
                                                          proceeding
                                                          enforces the
                                                          distinction
                                                          between first
                                                          and third
                                                          person views
                                                          (and six
                                                          others!).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">I
                                                          have derived
                                                          already many
                                                          feature of
                                                          quantum
                                                          mechanics from
                                                          this
                                                          (including the
                                                          possibility of
                                                          quantum
                                                          computer) a
                                                          long time ago.
                                                           I was about
                                                          sure this
                                                          would refute
                                                          Mechanism,
                                                          until I
                                                          learned about
                                                          quantum
                                                          mechanics,
                                                          which verifies
                                                          all the most
                                                          startling
                                                          predictions of
                                                          Indexical
                                                          Mechanism,
                                                          unless we add
                                                          the
                                                          controversial
                                                          wave collapse
                                                          reduction
                                                          principle.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">The
                                                          curious
                                                          “many-worlds”
                                                          becomes the
                                                          obvious (in
                                                          arithmetic)
                                                          many
                                                          computations
                                                          (up to some
                                                          equivalence
                                                          quotient). The
                                                          weird
                                                          indeterminacy
                                                          becomes the
                                                          simpler amoeba
                                                          like
                                                          duplication.
                                                          The
                                                          non-cloning of
                                                          matter becomes
                                                          obvious: as
                                                          any piece of
                                                          matter is the
                                                          result of the
                                                          first person
                                                          indeterminacy
                                                          (the first
                                                          person view of
                                                          the amoeba
                                                          undergoing a
                                                          duplication,
                                                          …) on
                                                          infinitely
                                                          many
                                                          computations.
                                                          This entails
                                                          also that
                                                          neither matter
                                                          appearance nor
                                                          consciousness
                                                          are Turing
                                                          emulable per
                                                          se, as the
                                                          whole
                                                          arithmetical
                                                          reality—which
                                                          is a highly
                                                          non computable
                                                          notion as we
                                                          know since
                                                          Gödel—plays a
                                                          key role. Note
                                                          this makes
                                                          Digital
                                                          Physics
                                                          leaning to
                                                          inconsistency,
                                                          as it implies
                                                          indexical
                                                          computationalism
                                                          which implies
                                                          the negation
                                                          of Digital
                                                          Physics
                                                          (unless my
                                                          “body” is the
                                                          entire
                                                          physical
                                                          universe,
                                                          which I rather
                                                          doubt).</div>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                          <div class=""><p class="" style="background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;">My
                                                          opinion is
                                                          presented
                                                          below:<br class="">
                                                          </p>
                                                          <div class="" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-webkit-block-placeholder_mailru_css_attribute_postfix_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="" style="background-color: #ffffff;"><br class="ox-7e2653bbb4-ox-7d12ee763d-webkit-block-placeholder_mailru_css_attribute_postfix_mailru_css_attribute_postfix">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>Why
                                                          some people
                                                          erroneously
                                                          think that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical</span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span></span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>The
                                                          main reason to
                                                          think that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical is
                                                          the strong
                                                          belief of many
                                                          people,
                                                          especially,
                                                          scientists
                                                          that there is
                                                          only physical
                                                          reality, which
                                                          is studied by
                                                          science. At
                                                          the same time,
                                                          people
                                                          encounter
                                                          something that
                                                          they call
                                                          information.</span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>When
                                                          people receive
                                                          a letter, they
                                                          comprehend
                                                          that it is
                                                          information
                                                          because with
                                                          the letter
                                                          they receive
                                                          information.
                                                          The letter is
                                                          physical,
                                                          i.e., a
                                                          physical
                                                          object. As a
                                                          result, people
                                                          start thinking
                                                          that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical. When
                                                          people receive
                                                          an e-mail,
                                                          they
                                                          comprehend
                                                          that it is
                                                          information
                                                          because with
                                                          the e-mail
                                                          they receive
                                                          information.
                                                          The e-mail
                                                          comes to the
                                                          computer in
                                                          the form of
                                                          electromagnetic
                                                          waves, which
                                                          are physical.
                                                          As a result,
                                                          people start
                                                          thinking even
                                                          more that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical.</span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>However,
                                                          letters,
                                                          electromagnetic
                                                          waves and
                                                          actually all
                                                          physical
                                                          objects are
                                                          only carriers
                                                          or containers
                                                          of
                                                          information.</span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>To
                                                          understand
                                                          this better,
                                                          let us
                                                          consider a
                                                          textbook. Is
                                                          possible to
                                                          say that this
                                                          book is
                                                          knowledge? Any
                                                          reasonable
                                                          person will
                                                          tell that the
                                                          textbook
                                                          contains
                                                          knowledge but
                                                          is not
                                                          knowledge
                                                          itself. In the
                                                          same way, the
                                                          textbook
                                                          contains
                                                          information
                                                          but is not
                                                          information
                                                          itself. The
                                                          same is true
                                                          for letters,
                                                          e-mails,
                                                          electromagnetic
                                                          waves and
                                                          other physical
                                                          objects
                                                          because all of
                                                          them only
                                                          contain
                                                          information
                                                          but are not
                                                          information.
                                                          For instance,
                                                          as we know,
                                                          different
                                                          letters can
                                                          contain the
                                                          same
                                                          information.
                                                          Even if we
                                                          make an
                                                          identical copy
                                                          of a letter or
                                                          any other
                                                          text, then the
                                                          letter and its
                                                          copy will be
                                                          different
                                                          physical
                                                          objects
                                                          (physical
                                                          things) but
                                                          they will
                                                          contain the
                                                          same
                                                          information.</span></div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>Information
                                                          belongs to a
                                                          different
                                                          (non-physical)
                                                          world of
                                                          knowledge,
                                                          data and
                                                          similar
                                                          essences. In
                                                          spite of this,
                                                          information
                                                          can act on
                                                          physical
                                                          objects
                                                          (physical
                                                          bodies) and
                                                          this action
                                                          also misleads
                                                          people who
                                                          think that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical.</span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">OK.
                                                          The reason is
                                                          that we can
                                                          hardly imagine
                                                          how immaterial
                                                          or non
                                                          physical
                                                          objects can
                                                          alter the
                                                          physical
                                                          realm. It is
                                                          the usual
                                                          problem faced
                                                          by dualist
                                                          ontologies.
                                                          With Indexical
computationalism we recover many dualities, but they belong to the
                                                          phenomenologies.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          <blockquote type="cite" class="">
                                                          <div class="">
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;">  <br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="" style="margin:
                                                          0in 0in
                                                          0.0001pt;
                                                          font-size:
                                                          10.5pt;
                                                          font-family:
                                                          Consolas;
                                                          background-color:
                                                          #ffffff;"><span class=""><span class="">   </span>One
                                                          more
                                                          misleading
                                                          property of
                                                          information is
                                                          that people
                                                          can measure
                                                          it. This
                                                          brings an
                                                          erroneous
                                                          assumption
                                                          that it is
                                                          possible to
                                                          measure only
                                                          physical
                                                          essences.
                                                          Naturally,
                                                          this brings
                                                          people to the
                                                          erroneous
                                                          conclusion
                                                          that
                                                          information is
                                                          physical.
                                                          However,
                                                          measuring
                                                          information is
                                                          essentially
                                                          different than
                                                          measuring
                                                          physical
                                                          quantities,
                                                          i.e., weight.
                                                          There are no
                                                          “scales” that
                                                          measure
                                                          information.
                                                          Only human
                                                          intellect can
                                                          do this.</span></div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">OK.
                                                          I think all
                                                          intellect can
                                                          do that, not
                                                          just he human
                                                          one.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Now,
                                                          the reason why
                                                          people believe
                                                          in the
                                                          physical is
                                                          always a form
                                                          of the
                                                          “knocking
                                                          table”
                                                          argument. They
                                                          knocks on the
                                                          table and say
                                                          “you will not
                                                          tell me that
                                                          this table is
                                                          unreal”.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">I
                                                          have got so
                                                          many people
                                                          giving me that
                                                          argument, that
                                                          I have made
                                                          dreams in
                                                          which I made
                                                          that argument,
                                                          or even where
                                                          I was
                                                          convinced by
                                                          that argument
                                                          … until I wake
                                                          up.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">When
                                                          we do
                                                          metaphysics
                                                          with the
                                                          scientific
                                                          method, this
                                                          “dream
                                                          argument”
                                                          illustrates
                                                          that seeing,
                                                          measuring, …
                                                          cannot prove
                                                          anything
                                                          ontological. A
                                                          subjective
                                                          experience
                                                          proves only
                                                          the
                                                          phenomenological
                                                          existence of
                                                          consciousness,
                                                          and nothing
                                                          more. It shows
                                                          that although
                                                          there are
                                                          plenty of
                                                          strong
                                                          evidences for
                                                          a material
                                                          reality, there
                                                          are no
                                                          evidences
                                                          (yet) for a
                                                          primitive or
                                                          primary matter
                                                          (and that is
                                                          why, I think,
                                                          Aristotle
                                                          assumes it
                                                          quasi
                                                          explicitly,
                                                          against Plato,
                                                          and plausibly
                                                          against
                                                          Pythagorus).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Mechanism
                                                          forces a
                                                          coming back to
                                                          Plato, where
                                                          the worlds of
                                                          ideas is the
                                                          world of
                                                          programs, or
                                                          information,
                                                          or even just
                                                          numbers, since
                                                          very
                                                          elementary
                                                          arithmetic (PA
                                                          without
                                                          induction, +
                                                          the
                                                          predecessor
                                                          axiom) is
                                                          already Turing
                                                          complete (it
                                                          contains what
                                                          I have named a
                                                          Universal
                                                          Dovetailer: a
                                                          program which
                                                          generates
                                                          *and* executes
                                                          all programs).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">So
                                                          I agree with
                                                          you:
                                                          information is
                                                          not physical.
                                                          I claim that
                                                          if we assume
                                                          Mechanism
                                                          (Indexical
                                                          computationalism)
                                                          matter itself
                                                          is also not
                                                          *primarily*
                                                          physical: it
                                                          is all in the
                                                          “head of the
                                                          universal
                                                          machine/number”
                                                          (so to speak).</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">And
                                                          this provides
                                                          a test for
                                                          primary
                                                          matter: it is
                                                          enough to find
                                                          if there is a
                                                          discrepancy
                                                          between the
                                                          physics that
                                                          we infer from
                                                          the
                                                          observation,
                                                          and the
                                                          physics that
                                                          we extract
                                                          from “the
                                                          head” of the
                                                          machine. This
                                                          took me more
                                                          than 30 years
                                                          of work, but
                                                          the results
                                                          obtained up to
                                                          now is that
                                                          there is no
                                                          discrepancies.
                                                          I have
                                                          compared the
                                                          quantum logic
                                                          imposed by
                                                          incompleteness
                                                          (formally) on
                                                          the
                                                          semi-computable
                                                          (partial
                                                          recursive,
                                                          sigma_1)
                                                          propositions,
                                                          with most
                                                          quantum logics
                                                          given by
                                                          physicists,
                                                          and it fits
                                                          rather well.</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Best
                                                          regards,</div>
                                                          <div class=""><br class="">
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div class="">Bruno</div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div class="">_______________________________________________
                                                          <br class="">
                                                          Fis mailing
                                                          list <br class="">
                                                          <a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" class="" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a> <br class="">
                                                          <a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" target="_blank" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a></div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </blockquote>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                            </div>
                                            <br class="">
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div class="">_______________________________________________
                                        <br class="">
                                        Fis mailing list <br class="">
                                        <a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
                                        <br class="">
                                        <a href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" target="_blank" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a></div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                          <br class="">
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <br class="">
                       </div><p class=""><br class="">
                    </p>
                    <div class="ox-7e2653bbb4-io-ox-signature"><p class="ox-7e2653bbb4-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;
                        margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
                            monospace;" class=""><strong class="">Arturo
                              Tozzi</strong></span></span></p><p class="ox-7e2653bbb4-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;
                        margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
                            monospace;" class="">AA Professor Physics,
                            University North Texas</span></span></p><p class="ox-7e2653bbb4-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;
                        margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
                            monospace;" class="">Pediatrician ASL
                            Na2Nord, Italy</span></span></p><p class="ox-7e2653bbb4-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;
                        margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
                            monospace;" class="">Comput Intell Lab,
                            University Manitoba</span></span></p><p class="ox-7e2653bbb4-MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 115%;
                        margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: 'courier new', monospace;" class=""><a href="http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/" style="font-size: 14px; color: #05447e;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/</a><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""> </span></span><br class="">
                      </p>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </blockquote>
            </div>
            <br class="">
          </div>
        </blockquote>
        <br class="">
         
        <blockquote type="cite" class="">_______________________________________________
          <br class="">
          Fis mailing list <br class="">
          <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a> <br class="">
          <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a> <br class="">
        </blockquote>
        <br class="">
         </div><p class=""><br class="">
      </p>
      <div class="io-ox-signature"><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
          line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier
              new', monospace;" class=""><strong class="">Arturo Tozzi</strong></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
          line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="line-height: 115%;" class=""><span style="font-family:
              'courier new', monospace;" class="">AA Professor Physics,
              University North Texas</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
          line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier
              new', monospace;" class="">Pediatrician ASL Na2Nord, Italy</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
          line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""><span style="font-family: 'courier
              new', monospace;" class="">Comput Intell Lab, University Manitoba</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
          line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span style="font-family: 'courier new', monospace;" class=""><a href="http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/" style="font-size:
              14px; color: #05447e;" moz-do-not-send="true" class="">http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/</a><span style="font-size: 14px;" class=""> </span></span><br class="">
        </p>
      </div>
      <br class="">
      <fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br class="">
      <pre wrap="" class="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br class="">
    <div class="moz-signature">-- <br class="">
      John Collier<br class="">
      Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate<br class="">
      Philosophy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban<br class="">
      <a href="http://web.ncf.ca/collier" class="">Collier web page </a><br class="">
    </div>
  </div>

_______________________________________________<br class="">Fis mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" class="">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br class="">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis<br class=""></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></body></html>