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<span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'courier
new', monospace;"><strong>Dear Arturo,<br>
Set theory is a particular case of named set theory. If s</strong></span></span><span
style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
monospace;"><strong>et theory solves some problem, then </strong></span></span><span
style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'courier new',
monospace;"><strong>named set theory solves the same problem.
Use logic and some knowledge and you'll see truth.<br>
<br>
Sincerely,<br>
Mark<br>
</strong></span></span><br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 3/21/2018 11:48 PM,
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</a> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:1974998065.47692.1521701286171@mail.libero.it"
type="cite">
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<p>Dear Mark, </p>
<p>the named set theory does not solve the Russell paradox.</p>
<p>Therefore it would be better to use, in such approaches, the
best theory available, i.e., the Fraenkel-Zermelo sets. </p>
<p>In turn, the latter displays some limits: for example, the need
of a set with infinite elements. </p>
<p>Therefore, set theory is not able to tackle information
problems.</p>
<p>You have to go back to other mathematical approaches. </p>
<p> </p>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Il 21 marzo 2018 alle 23.42 "Burgin, Mark"
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:mburgin@math.ucla.edu"><mburgin@math.ucla.edu></a> ha scritto: <br>
<br>
Dear Krassimir and other FISers, <br>
<br>
After reading the interesting contribution of Krassimir, I would
like to share with you some of my impressions and ideas. <br>
<br>
I like very much the term INFOS suggested by Krassimir. It’s
possible to suggest that Krassimir assumed the following
definition. <br>
An INFOS is a system functioning (behavior) of which is
regulated by information. <br>
This definition implies that each INFOS has an information
processor. <br>
Then it is possible to distinguish different categories and
types of INFOS. For instance: <br>
INFOS only with acceptors/receptors <br>
INFOS only with effectors <br>
INFOS with both acceptors/receptors and effectors <br>
Then it is possible to develop an interesting theory of INFOS. <br>
<br>
At the same time, the difference between reality and
consciousness needs improvement because what many people mean
using the word reality is actually only one of the variety of
realities, namely, the physical or material reality, while
consciousness is a part of the mental reality. It is possible to
find more information about different realities and their
interaction in the book (Burgin, Structural Reality, 2012).
Please, don’t confuse Structural Reality with virtual reality.
<br>
<br>
One more issue from the interesting contribution of Krassimir,
which allows further development, is the structure of a model.
Namely, the relation (s, e, r) between a model s of an entity r
forms not simply a triple but a fundamental triad, which is also
called a named set. <br>
<br>
Why this is important? The reason to conceive the structure (s,
e, r) as a fundamental triad or a named set is that there is an
advanced mathematical theory of named sets, the most
comprehensive exposition of which is in the book (Burgin, Theory
of Named Sets, 2011), and it is possible to use this
mathematical theory for studying and using models. For instance,
the structure from Figure 1 in Krassimir’s letter is a morphism
of named sets. Named set theory describes many properties of
such morphism and categories built of named sets and their
morphism. The structures from Figure 2 in Krassimir’s letter are
chains of named sets, which are also studied in named set
theory. <br>
<br>
To conclude it is necessary to understand that if we want to
apply mathematics in some area it is necessary to use adequate
areas of mathematics. As Roger Bacon wrote, All science requires
mathematics, but mathematics provides different devices that are
suited to different input. In this respect, when you give good
quality grains to a mathematical mill, it outputs good quality
flour, while if you put the same grains into a mathematical
petrol engine, it outputs trash. <br>
<br>
The theory of named sets might be very useful for information
studies because named sets and their chains allow adequate
reflection of information and information processes. <br>
<br>
Sincerely, <br>
Mark <br>
<br>
<div class="ox-e6659799ee-moz-cite-prefix">On 3/11/2018 3:34 PM,
Krassimir Markov wrote: <br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Calibri'; color:
#000000;">
<div>
<div style="font-size: small; text-decoration: none;
font-family: 'Calibri'; font-weight: normal; color:
#000000; font-style: normal; display: inline;">
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dear
Colleagues,</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"> </p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">This letter
contains more than one theme, so it is structured
as follow:</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">- next step in
“mental model” explanation;</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">- about
“Knowledge market”, FIS letters’ sequences and FIS
Sci-coins.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>1. The
next step in “mental model” explanation:</strong></span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Let remember
shortly my letter from 05.03.2018.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">To avoid
misunderstandings with concepts Subject, agent,
animal, human, society, humanity, living
creatures, etc., in [1] we use the abstract
concept “INFOS” to denote every of them as well as
all of artificial creatures which has features
similar to the former ones.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Infos has
possibility to reflect the reality via receptors
and to operate with received reflections in its
memory. The opposite is possible - via effectors
Infos has possibility to realize in reality some
of its (self-) reflections from its consciousness.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
commutative diagram on Figure 1 represents
modeling relations. In the frame of diagram:</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">- in reality:
real models: s is a model of r, </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">- in
consciousness: mental models: s<sub>i</sub> is a
mental model of r<sub>i</sub>;</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">- between
reality and consciousness: perceiving data and
creating mental models: <span style="font-size:
large;">triple (s<sub>i</sub>, e<sub>i</sub>, r<sub>i</sub>)
is a mental model of triple (s, e, r).</span></span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is easy to
imagine the case when the Infos realizes its
reflections using its effectors, i.e. relation
between consciousness and reality: realizing
mental models and creating data. In this case the
receptors’ arrows should be replaces by opposite
effectors’ arrows. In this case triple (s, e, r)
is a realization of the mental model (s<sub>i</sub>,
e<sub>i</sub>, r<sub>i</sub>).</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img
style="width: 502px; height: 140px; padding-top:
0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display:
inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;"
alt="clip_image002"
src="cid:part1.09040204.09080606@math.ucla.edu"
id="part1.01090901.04000501@math.ucla.edu"
border="0" height="140" width="502"></span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Figure 1</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">After creating
the mental model it may be reflected by other
levels of consciousness. In literature several
such levels are described. For instance, in [2],
six levels are separated for humans (Figure 2).
The complexity of Infos determines the levels. For
instance, for societies the levels are much more,
for animals with no neo-cortex the levels a less.
</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"> <br>
</p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"> <br>
</p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"> </p>
<img style="width: 644px; height: 426px; padding-top:
0px; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px; display:
inline; padding-right: 0px; border: 0px;"
alt="image"
src="cid:part2.03020104.02080408@math.ucla.edu"
id="part2.08040005.09000006@math.ucla.edu"
border="0" height="426" width="644">
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Figure 2.
[2] </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">This means
that the mental models are on different
consciousness levels and different types (for
instance - touch, audition, vision). </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">In [2], Jeff
Hawkins had remarked: “The transformation— from
fast changing to slow changing and from spatially
specific to spatially invariant— is well
documented for vision. And although there is a
smaller body of evidence to prove it, many
neuroscientists believe you'd find the same thing
happening in all the sensory areas of your cortex,
not just in vision” [2]. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">As it is shown
on Figure 2 mental models are in very large range
from spatially specific to spatially invariant;
from fast changing to slow changing; from
“features” and “details” to objects”.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">To be
continued...</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><strong>2.Aabout
“Knowledge market”, FIS letters’ sequences and
FIS Sci-coins.</strong></span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">The
block-chain idea is not new. All forums and
mailing lists have the possibility to organize
incoming messages in internally connected
sequences. The new is the Bit-coin, i.e. the price
for including a message in the sequence received
after successful solving a difficult task.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">What we have
in FIS are letters’ sequences already created for
many years. What is needed to start using them is
to be strictly when we answer to any letter not to
change the “Subject” of the letter. The list
archive may help us to follow the sequences - only
what is needed to ask sorting by </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/subject.html"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">[
Subject ]</span></span></a><span
style="font-size: large;">. We may sort by </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/thread.html"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">[
Thread ]</span></span></a> <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/subject.html"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">[
Subject ]</span></span></a> <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/author.html"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">[
Author ]</span></span></a> <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/date.html"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">[
Date ]</span></span></a><span
style="font-size: large;">. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">This means
that the letter corresponds to the block, and the
sequence of letters corresponds to the chain. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">What about the
currency? </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">In [3] we had
introduced the new concept “Knowledge marked”. It
is remembered in [4] where the approach for
measuring the scientific contributions was
proposed. It was proposed to use the “paper” as
basic measurement unit. Now I may say, the paper
is our “Sci-coin”. This Sci-coin is convertible to
real currencies - it is wide accepted the price of
a paper to be downloaded as pdf-file is about
30-35 EURO or USD.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Finally, the
paper “Data versus Information” [5] is an example
of a FIS Sci-coin mined from the letters’
sequences. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">As we had
seen, it is not so easy to “mine the Sci-coin”!</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Friendly
greetings</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">Krassimir</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">References</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">[1] Kr.
Markov, Kr. Ivanova, I. Mitov. Basic Structure of
the General Information Theory. IJ ITA, Vol.14,
No.: 1, 2007. pp. 5-19.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">[2] Hawkins,
Jeff (2004). On Intelligence (1st ed.). Times
Books. p. 272. </span><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">ISBN</span></span></a><span
style="font-size: large;"> </span><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805074562"><span
style="text-decoration: none; color:
windowtext;"><span style="font-size: large;">0805074562</span></span></a><span
style="font-size: large;">. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">[3] K. Markov,
K. Ivanova, I. Mitov, N. Ivanova, A. Danilov, K.
Boikatchev. Basic Structure of the Knowledge
Market. IJ ITA, 2002, V.9, No.4, pp. 123-134.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">[4] Kr.
Markov, Kr. Ivanova, V. Velychko, “Usefulness of
Scientific Contributions”, International Journal
“Information Theories and Applications”, Vol.20,
Number 1, 2013, ISSN 1310-0513 (printed), ISSN
1313-0463 (online), pp. 4-38.</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol20/ijita20-01-p01.pdf"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol20/ijita20-01-p01.pdf">http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol20/ijita20-01-p01.pdf</a></a>
</span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;">[5] Krassimir
Markov, Christophe Menant, Stanley N Salthe, Yixin
Zhong, Karl Javorszky, Alex Hankey, Loet
Leydesdorff, Guy A Hoelzer, Jose Javier Blanco
Rivero, Robert K. Logan, Sungchul Ji, Mark
Johnson, David Kirkland, Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic.
Data versus Information. International Journal
“Information Theories and Applications”, Vol. 24,
Number 4, 2017, ISSN 1310-0513 (printed), ISSN
1313-0463 (online), pp. 303 -321. </span></p>
<p class="ox-e6659799ee-MsoNormal" style="margin: 3pt
0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf">http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf</a></a>
</span></p>
</div>
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</div>
</div>
<br>
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<pre>_______________________________________________
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<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="ox-e6659799ee-moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
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<blockquote type="cite">_______________________________________________
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line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span
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new', monospace;"><strong>Arturo Tozzi</strong></span></span></p>
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line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span
style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family:
'courier new', monospace;">AA Professor Physics,
University North Texas</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;
line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span
style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'courier
new', monospace;">Pediatrician ASL Na2Nord, Italy</span></span></p>
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line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span
style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: 'courier
new', monospace;">Comput Intell Lab, University Manitoba</span></span></p>
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line-height: 115%; margin: 12.0pt 0cm 12.0pt 0cm;"><span
style="font-family: 'courier new', monospace;"><a
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href="http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/" style="font-size:
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