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<body><div>Dear Krassimir and colleagues, </div><div><br /></div><div>Our mental model can entertain discursive models reflexively. Thus, our models are (at least partly) discursively mediated and hence the result of communication. The development of discursive knowledge is thus liberated from biologically given constraints; it has a dynamic of its own. This is the source of progress in a knowledge-based economy. The models are evolving, whereas we are essentially the same. </div><div><br /></div><div>When Julius Caesar said "veni, vidi, vici" he entertained a mental model, but he could not understand gravity. The history of mankind is driven from the next-order level and not by its genesis.</div><div><br /></div><div>Best, </div><div>Loet</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Loet
Leydesdorff <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Professor emeritus,
University of Amsterdam<br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">; </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Associate Faculty, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">SPRU, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">University of Sussex; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guest Professor </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Beijing;<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visiting Fellow, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt">Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">,
University of London; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
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EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
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<div>------ Original Message ------</div>
<div>From: "Krassimir Markov" <<a href="mailto:markov@foibg.com">markov@foibg.com</a>></div>
<div>To: "FIS" <<a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a>></div>
<div>Sent: 3/11/2018 11:34:12 PM</div>
<div>Subject: [Fis] Welcome to Knowledge Market and the FIS Sci-coins</div><div><br /></div>
<div id="xcfdda8e70fdb401"><blockquote cite="D0769F07BF974D438451AFA14890D8D3@vaiomarkov" type="cite" class="cite2">
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<div style="FONT-SIZE: small; TEXT-DECORATION: none; FONT-FAMILY: "Calibri"; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: #000000; FONT-STYLE: normal; DISPLAY: inline">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Dear
Colleagues,</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"></font> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">This letter contains
more than one theme, so it is structured as follow:</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">- next step in “mental
model” explanation;</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">- about “Knowledge
market”, FIS letters’ sequences and FIS Sci-coins.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"><strong>1. The next step
in “mental model” explanation:</strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Let remember shortly my
letter from 05.03.2018.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">To avoid
misunderstandings with concepts Subject, agent, animal, human, society,
humanity, living creatures, etc., in [1] we use the abstract concept “INFOS” to
denote every of them as well as all of artificial creatures which has features
similar to the former ones.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Infos has possibility to
reflect the reality via receptors and to operate with received reflections in
its memory. The opposite is possible - via effectors Infos has possibility to
realize in reality some of its (self-) reflections from its
consciousness.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">The commutative diagram
on Figure 1 represents modeling relations. In the frame of diagram:</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">- in reality: real
models: s is a model of r, </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">- in consciousness:
mental models: s<sub>i</sub> is a mental model of r<sub>i</sub>;</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">- between reality and
consciousness: perceiving data and creating mental models: <font size="4">triple (s<sub>i</sub>, e<sub>i</sub>, r<sub>i</sub>) is a mental model of
triple (s, e, r).</font></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">It is easy to imagine
the case when the Infos realizes its reflections using its effectors, i.e.
relation between consciousness and reality: realizing mental models and creating
data. In this case the receptors’ arrows should be replaces by opposite
effectors’ arrows. In this case triple (s, e, r) is a realization of the mental
model (s<sub>i</sub>, e<sub>i</sub>, r<sub>i</sub>).</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"><img src="cid:C81C3E80E23A48489193CAD48CABB5D3@vaiomarkov" title="clip_image002" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px" border="0" alt="clip_image002" width="502" height="140" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1" xmlns:v="#unknown" /></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Figure 1</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">After creating the
mental model it may be reflected by other levels of consciousness. In literature
several such levels are described. For instance, in [2], six levels are
separated for humans (Figure 2). The
complexity of Infos determines the levels. For instance, for societies the
levels are much more, for animals with no neo-cortex the levels a
less.<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"></font> </p><img src="cid:390E3FB873374C4EA887A86193E97598@vaiomarkov" title="image" style="BORDER-TOP: 0px; BORDER-RIGHT: 0px; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 0px; DISPLAY: inline; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px" border="0" alt="image" width="644" height="426" />
<p></p><p></p>
<p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Figure 2.
[2]<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">This means that the mental
models are on different consciousness levels and different types (for instance -
touch, audition, vision).<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">In [2], Jeff Hawkins had
remarked: “The transformation— from fast changing to slow changing and from
spatially specific to spatially invariant— is well documented for vision. And
although there is a smaller body of evidence to prove it, many neuroscientists
believe you'd find the same thing happening in all the sensory areas of your
cortex, not just in vision” [2].<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">As it is shown on Figure 2 mental
models are in very large range from spatially specific to spatially invariant;
from fast changing to slow changing; from “features” and “details” to
objects”.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">To be
continued...</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"><strong>2.Aabout
“Knowledge market”, FIS letters’ sequences and FIS
Sci-coins.</strong></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">The block-chain idea is
not new. All forums and mailing lists have the possibility to organize incoming
messages in internally connected sequences. The new is the Bit-coin, i.e. the
price for including a message in the sequence received after successful solving
a difficult task.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">What we have in FIS are
letters’ sequences already created for many years. What is needed to start using
them is to be strictly when we answer to any letter not to change the “Subject”
of the letter. The list archive may help us to follow the sequences - only what
is needed to ask sorting by </font><a href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/subject.html"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">[ Subject ]</font></span></a><font size="4">. We may sort by </font><a href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/thread.html"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">[ Thread ]</font></span></a><font size="4"> </font><a href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/subject.html"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">[ Subject ]</font></span></a><font size="4"> </font><a href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/author.html"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">[ Author ]</font></span></a><font size="4"> </font><a href="http://www.ithea.org/pipermail/ithea-iss/2018-March/date.html"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">[ Date ]</font></span></a><font size="4">. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">This means that the
letter corresponds to the block, and the sequence of letters corresponds to the
chain. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">What about the currency?
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">In [3] we had introduced
the new concept “Knowledge marked”. It is remembered in [4] where the approach
for measuring the scientific contributions was proposed. It was proposed to use
the “paper” as basic measurement unit. Now I may say, the paper is our
“Sci-coin”. This Sci-coin is convertible to real currencies - it is wide
accepted the price of a paper to be downloaded as pdf-file is about 30-35 EURO
or USD.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Finally, the paper “Data
versus Information” [5] is an example of a FIS Sci-coin mined from the letters’
sequences. </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">As we had seen, it is
not so easy to “mine the Sci-coin”!</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Friendly
greetings</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">Krassimir</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"><font size="4"> </font></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">References</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">[1] Kr. Markov, Kr.
Ivanova, I. Mitov. Basic Structure of the General Information Theory. IJ ITA,
Vol.14, No.: 1, 2007. pp. 5-19.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">[2] Hawkins, Jeff (2004). On
Intelligence (1st ed.). Times Books. p. 272. </font><a title="International Standard Book Number" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">ISBN</font></span></a><font size="4"> </font><a title="Special:BookSources/0805074562" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805074562"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; COLOR: windowtext; text-underline: none"><font size="4">0805074562</font></span></a><font size="4">.<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">[3] K. Markov, K.
Ivanova, I. Mitov, N. Ivanova, A. Danilov, K. Boikatchev. Basic Structure of the
Knowledge Market. IJ ITA, 2002, V.9, No.4, pp. 123-134.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">[4] Kr. Markov, Kr.
Ivanova, V. Velychko, “Usefulness of Scientific Contributions”, International
Journal “Information Theories and Applications”, Vol.20, Number 1, 2013, ISSN
1310-0513 (printed), ISSN 1313-0463 (online), pp. 4-38.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"><a href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol20/ijita20-01-p01.pdf">http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol20/ijita20-01-p01.pdf</a>
</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4">[5] Krassimir Markov, Christophe Menant,
Stanley N Salthe, Yixin Zhong, Karl Javorszky, Alex Hankey, Loet Leydesdorff,
Guy A Hoelzer, Jose Javier Blanco Rivero, Robert K. Logan, Sungchul Ji, Mark
Johnson, David Kirkland, Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic. Data versus Information.
International Journal “Information Theories and Applications”, Vol. 24, Number
4, 2017, ISSN 1310-0513 (printed), ISSN 1313-0463 (online), pp. 303 -321.
<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 3pt 0cm"><font size="4"><a href="http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf">http://www.foibg.com/ijita/vol24/ijita24-04-p01.pdf</a>
</font></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div>
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