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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=JA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>On 8 Feb 2018 at 4:05 PM, Loet Leydesdorff wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>From a biological perspective, not language itself, but “languaging” behavior is considered the system of reference.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>On 13 Feb 2018 at 7:01 PM, Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir",serif;color:black;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>As in biology thre are different kinds of organisms there are also different kinds of “languages”. </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'>Folks,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> Focusing upon languaging comes to shed light on the communication in time between whatever parties. The issue of time then reminds me of the oft-quoted Aristotelian aphorism on the vulgar nature of time. As calling attention to the nonexistence of both past and future at the present moment of now, Aristotle observed “the present now is not part of time at all, for a part measures the whole, and the whole must be made up of the parts, but we cannot say that time is made up of ‘nows’ (Physics Book 4, 218a)”. Thus, “there is a something pertaining to time which is indivisible, and this something is what we mean by the ‘present’ or ‘now’ (234a)”. One outcome from these observations is simply a metaphysical aporia as pointing to that time both does and does not exist. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> One common-sense strategy getting out of the metaphysical impasse, which Aristotle would also seem to ‘reluctantly’ share, might be to view time as a linear succession of the now-points thanks to the additional idea of the levelling-off of the now points. This limiting procedure may help us to forget about the underlying aporia for the time being. But the contrast between languaging and language may revive our concern on whether we could dismiss the vulgar nature of time in a sweeping manner in a positive sense. So far, language has seemed to be quite at home with time as the linear succession of the now points. That is so even in physics as we know it today. However, once the aspect of languaging is called up, the temporality of languaging may be found to differ from that of language. Languaging is not continuous, but distinctively discontinuous in distinguishing between the utterer and its potential respondent. Alternation of the role between utterer and respondent proceeds discretely temporally. (Bio)semiotician may seem to be sensitive to this issue of time. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'> Koichiro Matsuno<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></body></html>