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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Hi Terry, and FISers,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Can it be that "language metaphor" is akin to a (theoretical) knife that, in the hands of a surgeon, can save lives but, in a wrong hand, can kill?</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">All the best.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Sung</p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Francesco Rizzo <13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 8, 2018 2:56:11 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Terrence W. DEACON<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Fis,; Sungchul Ji<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Fis] The unification of the theories of information based on the cateogry theory</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Caro Terry estensibile a tutti,
<div>è sempre un piacere leggerTi e capirTi. La <span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">
general theory of information è preceduta da un sistema (o semiotica) di significazione e seguita da un sistema (o semiotica ) di comunicazione. Tranne che quando si ha un processo comunicativo come il passaggio di un Segnale (che non significa necessariamente
'un segno') da una Fonte, attraverso un Trasmettitore, lungo un Canale, a un Destinatario. In un processo tra macchina e macchina il segnale non ha alcun potere 'significante'. In tal caso non si ha significazione anche se si può dire che si ha passaggio
di informazione. Quando il destinatario è un essere umano (e non è necessario che la fonte sia anch'essa un essere umano) si è in presenza di un processo di significazione. Un sistema di significazione è una costruzione semiotica autonoma, indipendente da
ogni possibile atto di comunicazione che l'attualizzi. Invece ogni processo di comunicazione tra esseri umani -- o tra ogni tipo di apparato o struttura 'intelligente, sia meccanico che biologico, -- presuppone un sistema di significazione come propria o specifica
condizione. In conclusione, è possibile avere una semiotica della significazione indipendente da una semiotica della comunicazione; ma è impossibile stabilire una semiotica della comunicazione indipendente da una semiotica della significazione.</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">Ho
appreso molto da Umberto Eco a cui ho dedicato il capitolo 10. Umberto Eco e il processo di re-interpretazione e re-incantamento della scienza economica (pp. 175-217) di "Valore e valutazioni. La scienza dell'economia o l'economia della scienza" (FrancoAngeli,
Milano, 1997). Nello mio stesso libro si trovano:</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">-
il capitolo 15. Semiotica economico-estimativa (pp. 327-361) che si colloca nel quadro di una teoria globale di tutti i sistemi di significazione e i processi di comunicazione;</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">-
il sottoparagrafo 5.3.3 La psicologia genetica di Jean Piaget e la neurobiologia di Humberto Maturana e Francesco Varela. una nuova epistemologia sperimentale della qualità e dell'unicità (pp. 120-130).</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">Chiedo
scusa a Tutti se Vi ho stancati o se ancora una volta il mio scrivere in lingua italiana Vi crea qualche problema. Penso che il dono che mi fate è, a proposito della QUALITA' e dell'UNICITA', molto più grande del (per)dono che Vi chiedo. Grazie.</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">Un
saluto affettuoso.</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline">Francecso</span></div>
<div><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:arial,sans-serif; font-size:12.8px; font-style:normal; font-weight:400; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; background-color:rgb(255,255,255); float:none; display:inline"><br>
</span></div>
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<div class="x_gmail_extra"><br>
<div class="x_gmail_quote">2018-02-07 23:02 GMT+01:00 Terrence W. DEACON <span dir="ltr">
<<a href="mailto:deacon@berkeley.edu" target="_blank">deacon@berkeley.edu</a>></span>:<br>
<blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Dear FISers,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
In previous posts I have disparaged using language as the base model for building a general theory of information.
<div>Though I realize that this may seem almost heretical, it is not a claim that all those who use linguistic analogies are wrong, only that it can be causally misleading.</div>
<div>I came to this view decades back in my research into the neurology and evolution of the human language capacity.</div>
<div>And it became an orgnizing theme in my 1997 book The Symbolic Species.</div>
<div>Early in the book I describe what I (and now other evolutionary biologists) have come to refer to as a "porcupine fallacy" in evolutionary thinking.</div>
<div>Though I use it to critique a misleading evolutionary taxonomizing tendency, I think it also applies to biosemiotic and information theoretic thinking as well.</div>
<div>So to exemplify my reasoning (with apologies for quoting myself) I append the following excerpt from the book.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>"<span style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px">But there is a serious problem with using language as the model for analyzing other</span>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
species’ communication in hindsight. It leads us to treat every other form of communication as</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
exceptions to a rule based on the one most exceptional and divergent case. No analytic method</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
could be more perverse. Social communication has been around for as long as animals have</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
interacted and reproduced sexually. Vocal communication has been around at least as long as frogs</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
have croaked out their mating calls in the night air. Linguistic communication was an afterthought,</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
so to speak, a very recent and very idiosyncratic deviation from an ancient and well-established</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
mode of communicating. It cannot possibly provide an appropriate model against which to assess</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
other forms of communication. It is the rare exception, not the rule, and a quite anomalous</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
exception at that. It is a bit like categorizing birds’ wings with respect to the extent they possess or</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
lack the characteristics of penguins’ wings, or like analyzing the types of hair on different mammals</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
with respect to their degree of resemblance to porcupine quills. It is an understandable</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
anthropocentric bias—perhaps if we were penguins or porcupines we might see more typical wings</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
and hair as primitive stages compared to our own more advanced adaptations—but it does more to</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
obfuscate than clarify. Language is a derived characteristic and so should be analyzed as an</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
exception to a more general rule, not vice versa."</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
Of course there will be analogies to linguistic forms.</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
This is inevitable, since language emerged from and is supported by a vast nonlinguistic semiotic infrastructure.</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
So of course it will inherit much from less elaborated more fundamental precursors. </p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
And our familiarity with language will naturally lead us to draw insight from this more familiar realm.</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
I just worry that it provides an elaborate procrustean model that assumes what it endeavors to explain.</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0px; font-size:12px; line-height:normal; font-family:Helvetica">
Regards to all, Terry</p>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="x_gmail_extra">
<div>
<div class="x_h5"><br>
<div class="x_gmail_quote">On Wed, Feb 7, 2018 at 11:04 AM, Jose Javier Blanco Rivero
<span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:javierweiss@gmail.com" target="_blank">javierweiss@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<p dir="ltr">In principle I agree with Terry. I have been thinking of this, though I am still not able to make a sound formulation of the idea. Still I am afraid that if I miss the chance to make at least a brief formulation of it I will lose the opportunity
to make a brainstorming with you. So, here it comes:</p>
<p dir="ltr">I have been thinking that a proper way to distinguish the contexts in which the concept of information acquires a fixed meaning or the many contexts on which information can be somehow observed, is to make use of the distinction between medium
and form as developed by N. Luhmann, D. Baecker and E. Esposito. I have already expressed my opinion in this group that what information is depends on the system we are talking about. But the concept of medium is more especific since a complex system ussualy
has many sources and types of information. <br>
So the authors just mentioned, a medium can be broadly defined as a set of loosely coupled elements. No matter what they are. While a Form is a temporary fixed coupling of a limited configuration of those elements. Accordingly, we can be talking about DNA sequences
which are selected by RNA to form proteins or to codify a especific instruction to a determinate cell. We can think of atoms forming a specific kind of matter and a specific kind of molecular structure. We can also think of a vocabulary or a set of linguistic
conventions making possible a meaningful utterance or discourse. <br>
The idea is that the medium conditions what can be treated as information. Or even better, each type of medium produces information of its own kind.
<br>
According to this point of view, information cannot be transmitted. It can only be produced and "interpreted" out of the specific difference that a medium begets between itself and the forms that take shape from it. A medium can only be a source of noise to
other mediums. Still, media can couple among them. This means that media can selforganize in a synergetic manner, where they depend on each others outputs or complexity reductions. And this also mean that they do this by translating noise into information.
For instance, language is coupled to writing, and language and writing to print. Still oral communication is noisy to written communication. Let us say that the gestures, emotions, entonations, that we make when talking cannot be copied as such into writing.
In a similar way, all the social practices and habits made by handwriting were distorted by the introduction of print. From a technical point of view you can codify the same message orally, by writing and by print. Still information and meaning are not the
same. You can tell your girlfriend you love her. That interaction face to face where the lovers look into each others eye, where they can see if the other is nervous, is trembling or whatever. Meaning (declaring love and what that implies: marriage, children,
and so on) and information (he is being sincere, she can see it in his eye; he brought her to a special place, so he planned it, and so on) take a very singular and untranslatable configuration. If you write a letter you just can say "I love you". You shall
write a poem or a love letter. Your beloved would read it alone in her room and she would have to imagine everything you say. And imagination makes information and meaning to articulate quite differently as in oral communication. It is not the same if you
buy a love card in the kiosk and send it to her. Maybe you compensate the simplicity of your message by adding some chocolates and flowers. Again, information (jumm, lets see what he bought her) and meaning are not the same. I use examples of social sciences
because that is my research field, although I have the intuition that it could also work for natural sciences.
</p>
<p dir="ltr">Best,</p>
<p dir="ltr">JJ</p>
<div class="x_gmail_quote">El feb 7, 2018 10:47 AM, "Sungchul Ji" <<a href="mailto:sji@pharmacy.rutgers.edu" target="_blank">sji@pharmacy.rutgers.edu</a>> escribió:<br type="attribution">
<blockquote class="x_gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div id="x_m_-7265720678269287463m_-5697883375523604198m_8141231946603854929divtagdefaultwrapper" dir="ltr" style="font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols">
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">Hi FISers,</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">On 10/8/2017, Terry wrote:</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0">" <span style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">So basically, I am advocating an effort to broaden our discussions and
recognize that the term information applies in diverse ways to many different contexts. And because of this it is important to indicate the framing, whether physical, formal, biological, phenomenological, linguistic, etc.</span></p>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
. . . . . . The classic syntax-semantics-pragmatics distinction introduced by Charles Morris has often been cited in this respect, though it too is in my opinion too limited to the linguistic paradigm, and may be misleading when applied more broadly. I have
suggested a parallel, less linguistic (and nested in Stan's subsumption sense) way of making the division: i.e. into
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">intrinsic, referential, <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">
and</span> normative analyses/properties of information.<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">"</span></span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">I agree with Terry's concern about the often overused linguistic metaphor in defining "information". Although the linguistic metaphor has its limitations (as all metaphors do), it nevertheless offers
a unique advantage as well, for example, its well-established categories of <span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">
functions</span> (see the last column in <b>Table 1</b>.) </span></span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
</span></span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">The main purpose of this post is to suggest that all the varied theories of information discussed on this list may be viewed as belonging to the same category of ITR (Irreducible Triadic Relation) diagrammatically
represented as the 3-node closed network in the first column of<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">
<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><b>Table 1</b></span></span>.</span></span></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<br>
</div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<table class="x_m_-7265720678269287463m_-5697883375523604198m_8141231946603854929MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:#e7e6e6; border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="624" colspan="6" valign="top" style="width:467.5pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#222222">Table 1.</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#222222"> The postulated universality of ITR (Irreducible Triadic Relation) as
manifested in information theory, semiotics, cell language theory, and linguistics.</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:106.85pt">
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt; height:106.85pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#222222">Category Theory</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#222222"><br>
</span></b><b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red"> f g</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red"><br>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#222222"> A -----> B ------> C<br>
| <wbr> ^<br>
| <wbr> |<br>
|______________|<br>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red"> <i>h</i></span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red"> </span></i></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; line-height:normal">
<i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#7030a0">ITR (Irreducible Triadic Relation</span></i><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:#7030a0">)</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt; height:106.85pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Deacon’s theory of information</span></b></p>
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<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt; height:106.85pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Shannon’s</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Theory of</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">information</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt; height:106.85pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Peirce’s theory of signs</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt; height:106.85pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Cell language theory</span></b></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Human language<br>
(<span style="color:red">Function</span>)</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">A</span></p>
</td>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Intrinsic </span>
</i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">information</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Source</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Object</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Nucleotides*/<br>
Amion acids</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Letters<br>
(<span style="color:red">Building blocks</span>)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">B</span></p>
</td>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Referential
</span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">information</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Message</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sign</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:13.3333px">Proteins</span></font></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width:89.75pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Words<br>
(<span style="color:red">Denotation</span>)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">C</span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Normative </span>
</i><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">information</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Receiver</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Interpretant</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:13.3333px">Metabolomes<br>
(Totality of cell metabolism)</span></font></p>
</td>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Systems of words<br>
(<span style="color:red">Decision making & Reasoning</span>)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red">f</span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">?</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Encoding</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sign production</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:13.3333px">Physical laws</span></font></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width:89.75pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Second articulation</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red">g</span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">?</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Decoding</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Sign interpretation</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span>Evoutionary selection</span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="120" valign="top" style="width:89.75pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">First and Third articulation</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; color:red">h</span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">?</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Information flow</span></p>
</td>
<td width="90" valign="top" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Information flow</span></p>
</td>
<td width="96" valign="top" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
Inheritance</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Grounding/</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Habit</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="144" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:107.9pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Scale</b></td>
<td width="84" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:62.85pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Micro-Macro?</b></td>
<td width="90" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Macro</b></td>
<td width="90" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:67.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Macro</b></td>
<td width="96" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:1.0in; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Micro</b></td>
<td width="120" valign="top" rowspan="1" style="width:89.75pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:2.9pt 5.75pt 2.9pt 5.75pt">
<b>Macro</b></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
</div>
</span></span></div>
<p></p>
<p style="margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"></p>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33); font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:15px">
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div>*There may be more than one genetic alphabet of 4 nucleotides. According to the "multiple genetic alphabet hypothesis', there are n genetic alphabets, each consisting of
<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">4^n letters</span>, each of which in turn consisting of<span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"> n nucleotides</span>. In this view, the classical genetic alphabet is just one example of the n alphabets, i.e., the one with n = 1.
When n = 3, for example, we have the so-called 3rd-order genetic alphabet with 4^3 = 64 letters each consisting of 3 nucleotides, resulting in the familiar codon table. Thus, the 64 genetic codons are not words as widely thought (including myself until recently) but
letters! It then follows that <span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)">proteins are words and </span><span style="color:rgb(255,0,0)"> metabolic pathways are sentences</span>. Finally, the transient network of metbolic pathways (referred to as "hyperstructures"
by V. Norris in 1999 and as "hypermetabolic pathways" by me more recently) correspond to texts essential to represent arguement/reasoning/computing.<wbr> What is most exciting is the recent discovery in my lab at Rutgers that the so-called "Planck-Shannon
plots" of mRNA levels in living cells can identify function-dependent "hypermetabolic pathways" underlying breast cancer before and after drug treatment (manuscript under review). <br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Any comments, questions, or suggestions would be welcome.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Sung</div>
</span></span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<br>
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<span class="x_HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">-- <br>
<div class="x_m_-7265720678269287463gmail_signature">Professor Terrence W. Deacon<br>
University of California, Berkeley</div>
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