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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The problem that I see
with the approach of Sungchul and others like it is its reference to data, specifically,
quantitative data or their semiotic equivalent. Without a robust theory of
information-as-process, there is no way of capturing the qualitative aspects of
information and communication, above all human-human. For this, a new logic is
required; will take me to my second note of this week in a response to Terry.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Joseph<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span lang=EN-GB
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
Fis [mailto:<st1:PersonName w:st="on">fis</st1:PersonName>-bounces@listas.unizar.es]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Sungchul Ji<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> dimanche, 14 janvier 2018
04:37<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Alex Hankey<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> <st1:PersonName w:st="on">fis</st1:PersonName>@listas.unizar.es;
Emanuel Diamant<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Fis] I salute to
Sungchul</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Hi Alex,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Thanks for raising the thought-provoking
question.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>According to the dual theory of
information (i.e, the physical vs. semantic information theory (PSIT))
[1] as I understand it, there is no "</span></font><font
size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>Information that you cannot put in a data set</span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>
". That is, all the information discussed in natural and
human sciences must be grounded in the physical upon which the
semanticity (or functionality) of any structure must arise. For example,
all heritable traits (including the kind of sensory experiences you described)
must be grounded in DNA structures as clearly pointed out by Petoukhov [2,
3], for instance. Unlike the current textbook version of DNA viewed
as a set of linear sequences of genes composed of just one alphabet of 4
letters, A, C. G and T, my interpretation of the mathematical analyses of
DNA-sequences (as summarized in the concept of the tetra-groups of DNA
sequences [4]) carried out by Petoukhov [2, 3] indicates that DNA is a
linear sequences of the 4 nucleotides structured (or partitioned) into n
alphabets (or languages), each consisting of 4^n letters, where n = 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, etc., of which we may currently be aware of only the simplest
alphabet with n = 1. The n = 5 alphabet (i.e., the n^th
alphabet or the n^th cell language) should consist of 4^5 = 1,024 letters,
and the n = 6 alphabet should contain 4,096 letters, etc.
Having these multiple alphabets or molecular languages may have
been beneficial for biological evolution, probably because they increased
the information storage and processing capacities of the cell.
I am not a computer scientist but it seems to me that
the situation is similar to computer scientists using two different
alphabets -- one with 2 digits (i.e., o, 1) and the other with 2^3 = 8
digits (i.e., 00000000, 10000000, 11000000, 11110011, . . .) in order to
increase the information storage and processing capacities of
computers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><br>
All biological communications including cell-cell, cell-organ, cell-human,
humnan-human communications must be mediated by messages (or signs)
(i) written in an alphabet with n letters, where n can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, .
. . .10^6?, thus having varying information storage and processing capacities,
and (ii) obeying a set of syntactic rules so that (iii)
the sender and the receiver can understand the messages using a
common set (or dictionary) of rules of interpretation. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>In conlusion, my breif answer to Alex's
question would be that human brains have evolved to perform the kind of sensory
functions you describe based on "molecular data", not
necessarily macroscopic physical or linguistic data employed in
macrosciences and engineering.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>All the best.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Sung<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>References:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font size=4
color=black><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>[1] Emanuel
Diamant, </span></font><b><font size=4 color=black><span lang=EN
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'>The brain is processing
information, not data. Does anybody care?, </span></font></b><font size=4
color=black><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>ISIS Summit Vienna 2015,
Extended Abstract. <a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciforum.net%2Fconference%2Fisis-summit-vienna-2015%2Fpaper%2F2842&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7C89f81861ee684f05e46b08d559d86fe1%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636513708497810284&sdata=bMlZ324OoEHA5XMQibKiEFsm75NhcpkfIcSRUJbQZNg%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank">http://sciforum.net/<wbr>conference/isis-summit-vienna-<wbr>2015/paper/2842</a></span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id=divtagdefaultwrapper>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciforum.net%2Fconference%2Fisis-summit-vienna-2015%2Fpaper%2F2842&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7C89f81861ee684f05e46b08d559d86fe1%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636513708497810284&sdata=bMlZ324OoEHA5XMQibKiEFsm75NhcpkfIcSRUJbQZNg%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank"></a></span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'>
[2] Petoukhov, S. (2017). Genetic coding and united-hypercomplex systems
in the models of algebraic biology.<i><span style='font-style:italic'>BioSystems</span></i> <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>158</span></b>:</span></font><font size=2
color="#505050" face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:#505050'> 31-46.</span></font><b><font color=black><span
style='color:black;font-weight:bold'>
</span></font></b><font size=4 color="#212121"
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#212121'> [3]</span></font><a
name="x_m_4646700428272669665_Display"><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> Petoukhov, S.
(2016). </span></font></a><font color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black'>The system-resonance approach in modeling
genetic</span></font><font size=1 color=black><span style='font-size:6.5pt;
color:black'> </span></font><font color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black'>structures. <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>BiosySystems</span></i> <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>139</span></b>:1-11.<br>
</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> [4] Petoukhov, S. (2018). </span></font><font
color=black face=Helvetica><span style='font-family:Helvetica;color:black'>The
rules of long DNA-sequences and tetra-groups of oligonucleotides.
arXiv:1709.04943v4 [q-bio.OT]</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div style='margin-left:7.5pt;margin-top:6.0pt;margin-bottom:6.0pt'>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Helvetica><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div id=divtagdefaultwrapper>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><br>
</span></font><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciforum.net%2Fconference%2Fisis-summit-vienna-2015%2Fpaper%2F2842&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7C89f81861ee684f05e46b08d559d86fe1%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636513708497810284&sdata=bMlZ324OoEHA5XMQibKiEFsm75NhcpkfIcSRUJbQZNg%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank"></a><font color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:
Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> [4] Ji, S. (2017).</span></font><i><font
color=black><span style='color:black;font-style:italic'>Neo-Semiotics</span></font></i><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>: Introducing Zeroness into Peircean
Semiotics May Bridge the Knowable and the Unknowable. <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol</span></i>. <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>131</span></b>:387-401. PDF at </span></font><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0079610717300858%3Fvia%253Dihub&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=afKjg3GrB3JRHkESNqHxOOhhjn9C%2F9%2FuJAFx6OX7%2FVs%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank" id="x_m_4646700428272669665LPlnk698222">http://www.sciencedirect.<wbr>com/science/article/pii/<wbr>S0079610717300858?via%3Dihub</a><font
size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black'><br>
</span></font><font color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:black'> [5] </span></font><font color="#333333"
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:#333333'>Ji, S. (1997). </span></font><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conformon.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2FIsomorphism1.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=RaGj9cNFqT4nLwPh%2BllpEgryPeou9Dm%2F6MZGEOXqA18%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank"><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>Isomorphism
between cell and human languages: molecualr biological, bioinformatic and
linguistic implications. </span></font></a><em><i><font color="#333333"
face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:#333333'>BioSystems</span></font></i></em><font
color="#333333" face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:#333333'> <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>44</span></b>:<wbr>17-39. PDF at </span></font><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conformon.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2FIsomorphism1.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=RaGj9cNFqT4nLwPh%2BllpEgryPeou9Dm%2F6MZGEOXqA18%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank" id="x_m_4646700428272669665LPlnk777944"><font face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial'>http://www.conformon.net/<wbr>wp-content/uploads/2012/05/<wbr>Isomorphism1.pdf</span></font></a><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal><font size=3 color=red face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:red'> </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>[6] Ji, S. (2017). The Cell
Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter. World Scientific, New
Jersey. Chapter 5<i><span style='font-style:italic'>. </span></i></span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> </span></font><font
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style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> Alex Hankey <alexhankey@gmail.com><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Saturday, January 13, 2018
12:24 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Sungchul Ji<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> Emanuel Diamant; <st1:PersonName
w:st="on">fis</st1:PersonName>@listas.unizar.es<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Fis] I salute to
Sungchul</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:
Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>And what about the
Kinds of Information that you cannot put in a data set? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>The information that
makes you turn your head and meet the gaze of someone staring at you.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>No one could do that,
which we humans and all animals do constantly, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>unless we had received
such information at a subliminal level in the brain. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>We all have that
capacity, it is vital for survival in the wild. All animals do it. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>The 'Sense of Being
Stared At' is a common experience for most animals, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>how far down the tree
of life no one yet knows. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Whatever triggers it
is definitely 'A Difference that Makes a Difference', <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>so fits in your
definition of 'Meaningful Information' - it has to! <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>BUT IT CANNOT BE
DIGITAL INFORMATION.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Please Face Up to This
Fact. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>All best wishes, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Alex <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>On 13 January 2018 at
07:30, Sungchul Ji <</span></font><a href="mailto:sji@pharmacy.rutgers.edu"
target="_blank"><font face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri'>sji@pharmacy.rutgers.edu</span></font></a><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div id="x_m_4646700428272669665divtagdefaultwrapper">
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Hi Emmanuel and FISers,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Thank you, Emmanuel, for your generous
remarks. It is heartening to know that our ideas converge, although we
carried out our research independently of each other, a clear example
of consilience.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>(<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>1</span></b>) I
like and agree with the Kolomogorov quote you cited in [1]:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Calibri;color:black'>"<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Information
is a linguistic description of structures in a given data set.</span></b>"
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>It seems to me that
there are 4 key concepts embedded in the above quote, which we may view as
the definition of what may be called the "Komogorov information"
or the "Kolmogorov-Bateson information" for the
convenience of reference:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>i</span></b>) data set (e.g.,
ACAGTCAACGGTCCAA) <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>ii</span></font></b><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>) linguistic
description (e.g., Threonine, Valine, Asparagine, Glycine)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>iii</span></font></b><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>) structure
(e.g., 16 mononucdotide, 8 dinucldotides, 5 trinucleotides plus 1)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>iv</span></font></b><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>) mathematical
description (e.g., tensor product of two 2x2 matrices of 4 nucleotides) [2, 3].<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>The first three
elements are obvious, but the 4th is not so obvious but justified in view of
the recent work of Petoukhov [2, 3]. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>(<b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>2</span></b>) Based on these ideas, I
have constructed <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Table 1</span></b>
below of the various names applied to the two kinds of information which I
described as I(-) and I(+) in my previous post. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
bgcolor="#EEECE1" style='background:#EEECE1;border-collapse:collapse'>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=758 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:455.05pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-left:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Table 1. </span></font></b>The
<i><span style='font-style:italic'>arbitrariness</span></i> of the signs
referring to ‘information’. It doesn’t matter what you call it, as long as
your chosen label refers to the right reality, thing, process, mechanisms,
etc. <b><span style='font-weight:bold'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>1<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Type I Information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Type II information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Physical Information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Sematic information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>3<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Shannon information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Kolmogorov information, or<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Kolmogorov-Bateson information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>4<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>‘Meaningless’ information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>‘Meaningful’ information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>5<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>I(-) information, or simply I(-)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>I(+) information, or simply I(+)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>6<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Quantitative information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Qualitative information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>7<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Mathematical information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Linguistic information (see Statement (1))<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>8<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Formal information<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Phenomenological information <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=40 valign=top style='width:23.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>9<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=383 valign=top style='width:229.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Interpretant-less sign [4]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=376 valign=top style='width:225.55pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Triadic sign [4]<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:black'>(<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>3</span></b>)
One practical application of the <i><span style='font-style:italic'>dual theory
of information </span></i>under discussion<i><span style='font-style:italic'> </span></i>is
in deducing the structure of cell language, or the structure of the linguistics
of DNA, in a much more rigorous manner than was possible in
1997 [5]. </span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> It is the
common practice in biology to use the terms "letters",
"words", "sentences", and "texts" without any
rigorous definitions. The general rule is to follow the rules of
concatenations used in linguistics literally and say that <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font size=1 color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>i</span></font></b><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>) just as 26 letters in
the English alphabet are combined to form words (the process being
called the second articulation [5]), so the 4 letters of the genetic
alphabets, A, C, G and T/U, combine in triplets to form genetic
codons. Similarly, just as words form sentences and sentences form texts
by the same concatenation procedure (or tensor multiplication,
mathematically speaking , i.e, linearly arranging words and sentences,
respectively (see the second column in Table 2), so the 64 nucleotide triplets
combine to form proteins and proteins combine to form metabolic pathways
by continuing the concatenation process, or the tensor multiplication
of matrices of larger and larger sizes (see the fourth column, which is
based on the physical theory of information, i.e., without any involvement of<i><span
style='font-style:italic'> semantics</span></i> or the first
articulation). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>ii</span></font></b><font
size=1 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>) In contrast to the fourth column just
described, we can justify an alternative structural assignments based
on the semantic theory of information as shown in the fifth column of <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Table 2</span></b>. Here the letters of the cell
language alphabet are not always mononucloetoides but thought to
be n-nucleotides, such as dinucleotides (when n = 2), trinucleotides
(when n =3), tetranucleotides (when n = 4), penta-nucelotides (when n
= 5), etc. That is, unlike in human language where the letters of an
alphabet usually consist of one symbol, e.g., A, B, C, D, E, . . . , <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>I am claiming that in cell language, the letters can
be mononucloetides (i.e., A, G, C, T/U), dinucloeotides (i.e., AG,
AC, . . . .) , trinucleotides (i.e., ACT, GTA, . . . ),
tetranucleotides (i.e., ACTG, CCGT, . . . .), pentanucleotides (i.e.,
ACCTG, TCGAT, . . .) and, up to n-nucleotides (also called n-plets [2, 3]),
where n is an unknown number whose upper limit is not yet known (at least to
me). </span></i> If this conjecture turns out to be true, then the size of
the cell language alphabet can be much larger (10^3 - 10^9 ?) than the
size of a typical human linguistic alphabet which is usually less than
10^2, probably due to the limitation of the memory capacity of
the human brain.<br>
<br>
(<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>iii</span></b>) From linguistics, we learn
that there are at least 4 levels of organization, each level characterized by
a unique function (see the second column). Without
presenting any detailed argument, I just wish to suggest that
the linguistic structures deduced based on the semantic information theory
(i.e., the fifth column) agree with the human linguistic structures (i.e.,
the second column) better than does the linguistic structures based on the
physical/mathematical/<wbr>quantitative information theory (i.e., the fourth
column), when the functional hierarchy given in the third column is taken
into account.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
bgcolor="#EEECE1" style='background:#EEECE1;border-collapse:collapse'>
<tr>
<td width=799 colspan=5 valign=top style='width:479.5pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Table 2. </span></font></b>Two
versions of the linguistics of DNA based on (i) the physical information
theory, and (ii) the semantic information theory [1]. M stands for a 2x2
matrix whose elements are the 4 genetic nucleotides, A, C, G and T/U, i.e., M
= [C A; T G] (see Figure 16 in [2]). The symbol, (x), indicates tensor
multiplication [2, 3]. The I to II transition is known in
linguistics as the <font color=red><span style='color:red'>second
articulation</span></font>; the II to III transition as the <font color=red><span
style='color:red'>first articulation</span></font> [4]; the III to IV
transition was referred to as the<font color=red><span style='color:
red'> third articulation</span></font> [5].<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Organization level<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=288 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:172.5pt;border-top:none;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-style:italic'>Human Language</span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=355 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:212.75pt;border-top:none;
border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><i><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-style:italic'>Cell Language</span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'> </span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=109 valign=top style='width:65.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Structure</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=178 valign=top style='width:106.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Function/Semantics</span></font></b><o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Structure based on
the Physical Information Theory (PIT) </span></font></b>[1]<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold'>Structure based on
the Semantic Information Theory (SIT) </span></font></b>[1]<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>I<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=109 valign=top style='width:65.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Letters<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=178 valign=top style='width:106.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Basic building <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>blocks or basic physical signals<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>4 Nucleotides (A, C, G, T/U);<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>M = [C A;T G]* <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>mono-, di-, trinucleotides, 4-plets, 5-plets, . . .
, n-plets of nucleotides, . . . <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>II<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=109 valign=top style='width:65.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Words<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=178 valign=top style='width:106.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>To denote<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>16 dinucleotides; <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>M(x)M or M^2<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Any combinations of the n-plets/ genes/proteins<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>III<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=109 valign=top style='width:65.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Sentences<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=178 valign=top style='width:106.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>To decide<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>64 trinucleotides /amino acids; <br>
M(x)M(x)M or M^3<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Assembly of genes/proteins; or metabolic
pathways (MP)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=157 valign=top style='width:94.25pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
border-top:none;padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>IV<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=109 valign=top style='width:65.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Texts<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=178 valign=top style='width:106.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>To argue/compute/<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>reason (e.g., syllogism)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>254 tetranucleotides;<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Metabolic pathways (?); M(x)M(x)M(x)M or M^4<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
<td width=177 valign=top style='width:106.45pt;border-top:none;border-left:
none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt'>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Networks of MP’s<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>characterized by
a unique function (see the second column). Without
presenting any detailed argument, I would like to suggest that the
linguistic structures deduced based on the semantic information theory
(i.e., the fifth column) agree with the human linguistic structures (i.e.,
the second column) better than does the linguistic structures based on the
physical/mathematical/<wbr>quantitative information theory (i.e., the fourth
column). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>In other
words, the structure of cell language deduced based on the semantic
information theory agrees better, functionally, with that of the
human language than the structure of cell language deduced based on the
physical information theory, thus further supporting the
1997 postulate that cell and human languages are isomorphic [5, 6]. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>If you have any
questions or suggestions for improvements on the above tables, I would
appreciate hearing from you.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>All the best.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Sung<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>References:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> </span></font><font
size=4 color=black><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>[1] Emanuel
Diamant, </span></font><b><font size=4 color=black><span lang=EN
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'>The brain is processing
information, not data. Does anybody care?, </span></font></b><font size=4
color=black><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>ISIS Summit Vienna 2015,
Extended Abstract. </span></font><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciforum.net%2Fconference%2Fisis-summit-vienna-2015%2Fpaper%2F2842&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7C89f81861ee684f05e46b08d559d86fe1%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636513708497810284&sdata=bMlZ324OoEHA5XMQibKiEFsm75NhcpkfIcSRUJbQZNg%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank"><font size=4><span style='font-size:13.0pt'>http://sciforum.net/<wbr>conference/isis-summit-vienna-<wbr>2015/paper/2842</span></font></a><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>[2] Petoukhov, S. (2017). Genetic
coding and united-hypercomplex systems in the models of algebraic biology. <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>BioSystems</span></i> <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>158</span></b>:</span></font><font size=2 color="#505050" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#505050'> 31-46.</span></font><b><font
color=black><span style='color:black;font-weight:bold'>
</span></font></b><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=4 color="#212121" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#212121'> [3]</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'> </span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Petoukhov, S.
(2016). </span></font><font color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-family:Arial;color:black'>The system-resonance approach in modeling
genetic<br>
structures. <i><span style='font-style:italic'>BiosySystems</span></i> <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>139</span></b>:1-11.</span></font><font color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> [4] Ji, S. (2017).</span></font><i><font
color=black><span style='color:black;font-style:italic'>Neo-Semiotics</span></font></i><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>: Introducing Zeroness into Peircean
Semiotics May Bridge the Knowable and the Unknowable. <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol</span></i>. <b><span
style='font-weight:bold'>131</span></b>:387-401. PDF at <a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0079610717300858%3Fvia%253Dihub&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=afKjg3GrB3JRHkESNqHxOOhhjn9C%2F9%2FuJAFx6OX7%2FVs%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank" id="x_m_4646700428272669665LPlnk698222">http://www.sciencedirect.<wbr>com/science/article/pii/<wbr>S0079610717300858?via%3Dihub</a></span></font><font
size=5 color=black><span style='font-size:18.0pt;color:black'><br>
</span></font><font color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
color:black'> [5] </span></font><font size=1 color="#333333"
face=Arial><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#333333'>Ji, S.
(1997). </span></font><font color=black face=Arial><span style='font-family:
Arial;color:black'><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conformon.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2FIsomorphism1.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=RaGj9cNFqT4nLwPh%2BllpEgryPeou9Dm%2F6MZGEOXqA18%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank">Isomorphism between cell and human languages: molecualr
biological, bioinformatic and linguistic implications. </a></span></font><em><i><font
size=1 color="#333333" face=Arial><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:
Arial;color:#333333'>BioSystems</span></font></i></em><font size=1
color="#333333" face=Arial><span style='font-size:6.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:#333333'> <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>44</span></b>:<wbr>17-39.
PDF at <a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conformon.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F05%2FIsomorphism1.pdf&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=RaGj9cNFqT4nLwPh%2BllpEgryPeou9Dm%2F6MZGEOXqA18%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank" id="x_m_4646700428272669665LPlnk777944">http://www.conformon.net/<wbr>wp-content/uploads/2012/05/<wbr>Isomorphism1.pdf</a></span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal><font size=3 color=red face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:red'> </span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'>[6] Ji, S. (2017). The Cell
Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter. World Scientific, New
Jersey. Chapter 5<i><span style='font-style:italic'>. </span></i></span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xmsonormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'>
<hr size=3 width="98%" align=center style='display:inline-block'>
</span></font></div>
<div id="x_m_4646700428272669665divRplyFwdMsg">
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> Fis <<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es"
target="_blank">fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es</a>> on behalf of Emanuel
Diamant <<a href="mailto:emanl.245@gmail.com" target="_blank">emanl.245@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Friday, January 12, 2018
11:20 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> <a
href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es" target="_blank">fis@listas.unizar.es</a><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Fis] I salute to
Sungchul</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span style='font-family:
Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<div>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>Dear
FISers, </span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>I
would like to express my pleasure with the current state of our discourse – an
evident attempt to reach a more common understanding about information issues
and to enrich preliminary given assessments. </span></font><font color=black
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>In
this regard, I would like to add my comment to Sungchul’s post of January 12,
2018. </span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>Sungchul
proposes “to recognize two distinct types of information which, for the lack of
better terms, may be referred to as the "meaningless information"
or I(-) and "meaningful information" or I(+)”. </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>That
is exactly what I am trying to put forward for years, albeit under more
historically rooted names: Physical and Semantic information [1]. Never mind,
what is crucially important here is that the duality of information becomes
publicly recognized and accepted by FIS community.</span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>I
salute to Sungchul’s suggestion!</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>Best
regards, Emanuel.</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'> </span></font><font
color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=4 color=black
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>[1]
Emanuel Diamant, </span></font><b><font size=4 color=black><span lang=EN
style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;font-weight:bold'>The brain is processing
information, not data. Does anybody care?, </span></font></b><font size=4
color=black><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black'>ISIS Summit
Vienna 2015, Extended Abstract. <a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciforum.net%2Fconference%2Fisis-summit-vienna-2015%2Fpaper%2F2842&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7C89f81861ee684f05e46b08d559d86fe1%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636513708497810284&sdata=bMlZ324OoEHA5XMQibKiEFsm75NhcpkfIcSRUJbQZNg%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank">http://sciforum.net/<wbr>conference/isis-summit-vienna-<wbr>2015/paper/2842</a>
</span></font><font color=black face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
Calibri;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=xm4646700428272669665xmsonormal0><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;
color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'><br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:black'>-- <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
5.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Alex Hankey M.A. (Cantab.) PhD (M.I.T.)<br>
Distinguished Professor of Yoga and Physical Science,<br>
SVYASA, Eknath Bhavan, 19 Gavipuram Circle<br>
Bangalore 560019, Karnataka, India <br>
Mobile (Intn'l): +44 7710 534195 </span></font><font color=black
face=Calibri><span style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=black face=Georgia><span
style='font-size:5.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:black'><a
href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Fjournal%2F00796107%2F119%2F3&data=02%7C01%7Csji%40pharmacy.rutgers.edu%7Cd3662883d79442bc279b08d55a45ef3e%7Cb92d2b234d35447093ff69aca6632ffe%7C1%7C1%7C636514178788801408&sdata=y1BDOh%2BTf6EG%2FqiyF1%2FmAEeC0Qh%2B1UWgz%2Fz4D8V3Yrc%3D&reserved=0"
target="_blank"><font color="#1155cc"><span style='color:#1155CC'>2015 JPBMB
Special Issue on Integral Biomathics: Life Sciences, Mathematics and
Phenomenological Philosophy</span></font></a></span></font><font size=1
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