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body { font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 11pt; }--></style></head><body><div>Dear Emanuel, </div><div><br /></div><div>The two types are sometimes also called "Shannon-type" versus "Bateson-type" information.</div><div><br /></div><div>In Chinese, there are two words for "information".</div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center; "><img src="cid:emcc5f9112-ed14-4b12-b393-ed522566c28f@pc2014" border="0" width="170" height="200" /></div><div><div id="x5004d9e9f9b54ffe8af5893435b52708">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
letter-spacing:-.1pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">Both words contain two characters as depicted in <i>Figure 13.1</i>. The above one, ‘sjin sji’,
corresponds to the mathematical definition of information as uncertainty.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span></a> The second,
‘tsjin bao,’ means information but also intelligence.<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span></span></a> In other
words, it means information which informs us, and which is thus considered
meaningful.</span>
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;
mso-hyphenate:none;tab-stops:-.5in"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[1]</span></span> ‘sjin’ means letter of reliability, and ‘sji’
means message.<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;
mso-hyphenate:none;tab-stops:-.5in"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""></a><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> <span class="MsoFootnoteReference">[2]</span></span> ‘tsjin’ means situation or status, and ‘bao’
means report.<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></p>
</div>
</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>Wu Yishan (personal communication)</div><div><br /></div><div>From: <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Leydesdorff, L. (1995). </span>
<i style="font-size: 11pt;">
<span style="background-color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;">The Challenge of Scientometrics: The development, measurement, and self-organization of scientific communications</span>
</i>
<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Leiden: DSWO Press, Leiden University; at <a href="http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581126816">http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581126816</a>, p. 295.</span></div>
<div>
</div><div><br /></div><div>Best,</div><div>Loet</div>
<div><br /></div><div id="signature_old"><div id="x14988388ab8545c"><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74">
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D">
<hr size="3" width="100%" align="center" />
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<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Loet
Leydesdorff <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">Professor emeritus,
University of Amsterdam<br />
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">; </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"> <br />
</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Associate Faculty, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">SPRU, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">University of Sussex; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Guest Professor </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Beijing;<o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">Visiting Fellow, </span><span style="color:#44546A"><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style="font-size:
9.0pt">Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 9pt;">,
University of London; <o:p xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office"></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;color:#44546A;mso-ansi-language:
EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en">http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</a></span></span></div><div id="x337b22579712426abf55c20f258d0a74"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:
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EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><br /></span></div></div></div><div><br /></div>
<div>------ Original Message ------</div>
<div>From: "Emanuel Diamant" <<a href="mailto:emanl.245@gmail.com">emanl.245@gmail.com</a>></div>
<div>To: <a href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</a></div>
<div>Sent: 1/12/2018 5:20:14 PM</div>
<div>Subject: [Fis] I salute to Sungchul</div><div><br /></div>
<div id="x979f3715729c414"><blockquote cite="000c01d38bc1$3b5e4860$b21ad920$@gmail.com" type="cite" class="cite2">
<div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Dear FISers, <o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">I would like to express my pleasure with the current state of our discourse – an evident attempt to reach a more common understanding about information issues and to enrich preliminary given assessments. <o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">In this regard, I would like to add my comment to Sungchul’s post of January 12, 2018. <o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Sungchul proposes “to recognize two distinct types of information which, for the lack of better terms, may be referred to as the "meaningless information" or I(-) and "meaningful information" or I(+)”. <o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">That is exactly what I am trying to put forward for years, albeit under more historically rooted names: Physical and Semantic information [1]. Never mind, what is crucially important here is that the duality of information becomes publicly recognized and accepted by FIS community.<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">I salute to Sungchul’s suggestion!<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">Best regards, Emanuel.<o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">[1] Emanuel Diamant, </span><b><span lang="EN" style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">The brain is processing information, not data. Does anybody care?, </span></b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">ISIS Summit Vienna 2015, Extended Abstract. <a href="http://sciforum.net/conference/isis-summit-vienna-2015/paper/2842">http://sciforum.net/conference/isis-summit-vienna-2015/paper/2842</a> <o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p xmlns:o="#unknown"> </o:p></p></div></blockquote></div>
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