<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<p>Message from Sungchul Ji<br>
</p>
<p>It was too heavy for the list server. You can see the complete
version at:<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://fis.sciforum.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/Sung_informatics-of-DNA.pdf">http://fis.sciforum.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/Sung_informatics-of-DNA.pdf</a>
<br>
</p>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont,
"Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji",
NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android
Emoji", EmojiSymbols; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif,
serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">Hi FISers,</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont,
"Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji",
NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android
Emoji", EmojiSymbols; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif,
serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont,
"Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji",
NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android
Emoji", EmojiSymbols; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif,
serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">We may have in DNA a golden
opportunity to define what
<b>information</b> is. </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span><b style="font-size: 12pt;
text-indent: -20.25pt;"><span style="font-size:12pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">(1)<span
style="font-weight:normal; font-size:7pt;
line-height:normal; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,EmojiFont"> </span></span></b><span
style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -20.25pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont;">We now
know that we are different from mice because our <span
class="highlight" id="0.9332357692649302"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> sequences are
different from those of mice [1]. That is, we are different
from mice because our <span class="highlight"
id="0.9745773745764581" name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> carries
different kinds (both with respect to <i>quality</i> and <i>quantity</i>)
of </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -20.25pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif, serif,
EmojiFont; color: red;"><span class="highlight"
id="0.9029417395857229" name="searchHitInReadingPane">INFORMATION</span> </span><span
style="font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -20.25pt;"><font
face="Times New Roman, serif, serif, EmojiFont">from the
mouse </font><span class="highlight" id="0.24784455278329887"
name="searchHitInReadingPane"><font face="Times New Roman,
serif, serif, EmojiFont">DNA:</font></span></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin:
0in 0in 0.0001pt 38.25pt; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -20.25pt;
line-height: normal; background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif,
EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI
Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol",
"Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> ”</span><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(33,37,41)">When it
comes to protein-encoding genes, mice are 85% similar to
humans. For non-coding genes, it's only about 50%. The National
Human Genome Research <span class="highlight"
id="0.05181855775229649" name="searchHitInReadingPane">In</span>stitute
attributes </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(33,37,41)">
this similarity </span><span style="font-size:12pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont;
color:rgb(33,37,41)">to a shared ancestor about 80 million years
ago.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont;
color:rgb(0,112,192)"><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.thisisinsider.com/comparing-genetic-similarity-between-humans-and-other-things-2016-5">http://www.thisisinsider.com/comparing-genetic-similarity-between-humans-and-other-things-2016-5</a></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(0,112,192)"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">(<b>2</b>) We also know that
our properties or behaviors are at least <span class="highlight"
id="0.3839342838083697" name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> part
determined by both <span class="highlight"
id="0.31334697711483184" name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> sequences
(i.e., <i>genetics</i>) and the way they are turned on or off
by environment-sensitive cells constituting our body (i.e., <i>epigenetics</i>):
We are the products of both our <i>genes</i> and our <i>environment</i>. The
causal link between <span class="highlight"
id="0.5628060682901466" name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> and our
behaviors can be briefly summarized as follows: </span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"> <b>1
2 3
4 5 6</b></span><b><span
style="font-size:10pt"></span></b></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 5.25pt;
line-height: normal; background-image: initial;">
<b><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"><span class="highlight"
id="0.345466376137072" name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> ---->
pre-mRNA -----> mRNA -----> proteins -----> IDS
-----> Cell Functions -----> Human Behaviors<br>
^
|<br>
|
|<br>
|
|<br>
|
|<br>
|_________________________________________________________________________________|</span></b></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 5.25pt;
line-height: normal; background-image: initial;">
<b><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">
7</span></b></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 5.25pt;
line-height: normal; background-image: initial;">
<b><span style="font-size:10pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"> </span></b><span
style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
text-indent: 5.25pt; line-height: normal; background-image:
initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
line-height: normal; background-image: initial;">
<b
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols"><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">Figure A. </span></b><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:12pt">The
flow of genetic and epigenetic <span class="highlight"
id="0.5463818729068581" name="searchHitInReadingPane">information</span>s
between <span class="highlight" id="0.9165462691205422"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> and the human
behavior. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;
font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"> </span><font
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">IDS stands for the </span></font><i
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"><span
class="highlight" id="0.557898553024418"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">In</span>tracellular
Dissipative Structures </span></i><font
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">(also called the </span></font><i
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">Dissipative
Structures of Prigogine</span></i><font
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">) such as ion
gradients across cell membranes and within the cytoplasm
without any membrane barriers. According to the Bhopalator, a
molecular model of the living cell proposed <span
class="highlight" id="0.703313289646631"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> 1985 <span
class="highlight" id="0.6293511951009223"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> a meeting </span></font><font
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">held <span
class="highlight" id="0.7269010169346264"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> Bhopal, <span
class="highlight" id="0.7085977655920279"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">In</span>dia, IDS's are
postulated to be </span></font><font
style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple
Color Emoji","Segoe UI
Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI
Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols;
font-size:12pt; text-indent:5.25pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont">the immediate or the
proximal causes for all cell functions [2]. The seven steps <span
class="highlight" id="0.7273084814457718"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> the scheme are </span></font></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>1</b></span></font></span><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size:12pt"> =
transcription</span></p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif,
serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"></span>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"></span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif,
serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt; font-size: 12pt;"></span>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"></span><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",Times,serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>2</b> = splicing</span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>3</b> = translation
(explained <span class="highlight" id="0.42820192311734595"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> (3) <span
class="highlight" id="0.8978575804970825"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> more detail.)</span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>4</b> = enzyme catalysis</span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>5</b> = cell motions</span><span
style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"><b>6</b> = body motions<br>
<b>7</b> = the effect of human behavior or emotion on gene
expression, e.g., see the phenomenon of the </span><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:red">c</span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">onserved</span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:red">t</span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">ranscriptional </span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:red">r</span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">esponse to </span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:red">a</span></i><i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">dversity</span></i><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"> (CTRA) [3].</span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">I hope that the <i><span
class="highlight" id="0.9310249926423799"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">information</span> flow scheme</i> shown <span
class="highlight" id="0.4779995750323309"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span><b> Figure A</b> can
serve as a concrete example of <span class="highlight"
id="0.032537530049661756" name="searchHitInReadingPane">information</span> <span
class="highlight" id="0.09977668482543645"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span>action as <span
class="highlight" id="0.6096352932213991"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">information</span> scientists strive
to come up with a generally acceptable definition of what <span
class="highlight" id="0.13197023392704943"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">INFORMATION</span>is. </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> </span><br>
</p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(34,34,34)">(</span><b><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont">3</span></b><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(34,34,34)">)
Unlike <span class="highlight" id="0.9822324983309383"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> Steps 1 and 2 where
the same kinds of molecules, i.e., the nucleic acids, <span
class="highlight" id="0.4911989451166101"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">DNA</span> and RNA, directly <span
class="highlight" id="0.8498390941701777"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span>teract (or contact
or touch each other) via the Watson-Crick base-paring mechanism
(see the second row <span class="highlight"
id="0.9436401245393222" name="searchHitInReadingPane">in </span><b>Figure
1</b> below), <span class="highlight" id="0.32786604847089773"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> Step 3, there is no
such direct <span class="highlight" id="0.08031574643408712"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span>teraction between mRNA
and amino acids, but rather their <span class="highlight"
id="0.24095422076988937" name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span>teractions are
mediated by tRNA which recognizes mRNA at its <i>a</i><i>nti-codon
arm</i> and amino acids at its 3<i>'-acceptor stem</i>, about
60 angstroms away (see the blue region <span class="highlight"
id="0.33261147982547556" name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> the
mechanism of translation shown at <a
href="https://www.quora.com/Why-are-ribosomes-so-important-in-plant-cells"
class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk275136" previewremoved="true">https://www.quora.com/Why-are-ribosomes-so-important-in-plant-cells</a>).
The universality of the wave-particle duality demonstrated <span
class="highlight" id="0.3995605192128391"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> [4] suggest that the
tripartite coupling among </span><span style="font-size:12pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont;
color:red">codon<span style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">,</span> anticodon</span><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(34,34,34)">, and </span><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:red">amino acid</span><span
style="font-size:12pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; color:rgb(34,34,34)"> <span
class="highlight" id="0.7740736702663611"
name="searchHitInReadingPane">in</span> the ribosome-mRNA-tRNA
complex may be mediated by <i>resonant vibrations</i> or <i>standing
waves</i> (also called <i>resonance</i> or <i>resonant waves</i>) generated
within the complex, just as the vibratioal patterns located at
distant regions on the Chladni (1756-1827) plate [5, 6] are
coordinated via resonance. </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;">
<span style="font-size:12pt"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;
text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont;">The
Chladni plate [5, 6] </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;
text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont;">is an
ideal model for illustrating the role of resonance </span><span
class="highlight" id="0.29975528320151756"
name="searchHitInReadingPane" style="font-size: 12pt;
text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont;">in</span><span
style="font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; color: rgb(34, 34,
34); font-family: "Times New Roman", serif, serif,
EmojiFont;"> molecular biology. At a given resonance frequency,
the particles on remote regions of the Chaldni plate </span><span
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">are
coordinated without any direct </span><span class="highlight"
id="0.6183066988156476" name="searchHitInReadingPane"
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">in</span><span
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">teractions
between them and yet form ordered patterns. To me this is
similar to what happens </span><span class="highlight"
id="0.3064435700415691" name="searchHitInReadingPane"
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">in</span><span
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;"> the
ribosome system when a peptide molecule is synthesized; i.e,
different components of the ribosome-mRNA-tRNA complex execute
their motions that are so coordinated as to achieve the peptide
synthesis. The ribosome and the Chladni plate are compared at
several levels </span><span class="highlight"
id="0.16186196878285597" name="searchHitInReadingPane"
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">in</span><span
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><b
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">T</b><b
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">able 1.</b><span
style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif, serif, EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;"> <br>
</span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif, serif,
EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">.....</span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;"><span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34);
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif, serif,
EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">Sungchul Ji
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:sji.conformon@gmail.com"><sji.conformon@gmail.com></a><br>
</span></p>
<p class="x_x_x_x_x_x_x_MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri,
Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji",
"Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI
Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;
margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;
background-image: initial;"><font color="#cc0000"><span
style="font-family: "Times New
Roman",serif,serif,EmojiFont; font-size: 12pt;">The
message continues at:</span></font><br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://fis.sciforum.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/Sung_informatics-of-DNA.pdf">http://fis.sciforum.net/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/11/Sung_informatics-of-DNA.pdf</a>
<br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0
50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
------------------------------------------------- </pre>
</body>
</html>