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Pedro wrote:</p>
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<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
"<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">3. About logics in the pre-science, Joseph is quite right demanding that </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">discussion to accompany principles or basic problems. Actually </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">principles, rules, theories, etc. are interconnected or should be by a </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">logic (or several logics?) in order to give validity and coherence to </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">the different combinations of elements. For instance, in the </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">biomolecular realm there is a fascinating interplay of activation and </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">inhibition among the participating molecular partners (enzymes and </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">proteins) as active elements. I am not aware that classical ideas from </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">Jacob (La Logique du vivant) have been sufficiently continued; it is not </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">about Crick's Central Dogma but about the logic of pathways, circuits, </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">modules, etc. Probably both Torday and Ji have their own ideas about </span><br style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">that-- I would be curious to hear from them."</span></p>
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<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style=""><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;">(<b>1</b>) Enzymes, like all molecular
and sub-molecular species (generally called microscopic entities, quantum objects, quons [1], or wavicles) exhibit the wave-particle duality (as evidenced by the fact that they obey the Planckian Distribution Equation (PDE) [2-4]). And yet most of the descriptions
of enzyme mechanisms given in the current literature are based on the particle aspect of enzymes including all the efforts directed to understanding enzyme activities in terns of the causal role of the static 1-dimensional sequences of amino acids or their
3-dimensional folds as revealed by the X-ray </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">crystallography. Alternatively, we can describe enzyme structure and function based on their wave attributes, in which case enzymes are viewed as systems of oscillators
and their functions are determined by the collective vibrational motions of amino acid residues called "standing waves" (see Figure 8 in [3]).</span></p>
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<p style=""><span style="font-size:13.3333px">(<b>2</b>) Like electrons (see (<b>4</b>) below))</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">, enzymes (and biopolymers in general, including DNA; see Table 1 below</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">) </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">may
possesses two </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">complementary attributes
</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">-- static and dynamic. Just as the po</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">sition and momentum of the </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">electron cannot be accounted for by their static attributes alone,
so perhaps the static attributes of enzymes (e.g., amino acid sequences) alone may not be sufficient to account for their dynamic attributes, i.e., their </span><span style="font-size:13.3333px">catalytic </span><span style="font-size:13.3333px">activities.
The missing link may be sought in their wave attributes which have collective organizing power. Traveling waves generated within a volume can interact to form "standing waves", also called "resonant waves", as exemplified by the Chladini plate shown below:</span></p>
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<p style="">h<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJAgrUBF4w" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk399222" previewremoved="true" style="font-size: 13.3333px;">ttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvJAgrUBF4w</a><br>
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(<b>3</b>) <span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">There is accumulating evidence (references available upon request) to support the following mechanism of enzyme action:</span></div>
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<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> E <-----------> E'
(1)<br>
<br>
E' + S <-----------> [E.S <===> E.P] (2)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; background: white;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> [E.S <===> E.P] <-----------> E + P (3)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> ________________________________________</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> E + S <-----------> E + P
(4)</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b>Figure 1.</b> The <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">pre-fit mechanism</span> (in contrast to the better-known "induced-fit mechanism of Koshland) of enzyme catalysis [1]. Symbols
are defined as follows: E = ground-state enzyme; E' = conformationally excited enzyme through thermal fluctuations; S = substrate; E.S = Enzyme-substrate complex in the transition state; E.P = the enzyme-product complex in the transition state; <-----> = thermally
equilibrium; <===> = the resonance hybrid between the enzyme-substrate and enzyme-product complexes. <span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
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<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">Step (1) indicates that an enzyme molecule is a collection of oscillators
that interact with one another to form higher-order structures, either local or global, known as resonances or standing waves. In the Chladni plate, what causes the 'visible' standing waves of particles on it is the 'invisible' vibrational motions of the
plate itself and the particles are forced to form standing waves through resonance energy transfer from the plate to individual particles. In enzymes, what causes the formation of the standing waves or resonant waves of the enzyme molecule are the component
amino acid residues acting as elementary oscillators whose periodic motions can combine, obeying the Fourier theorem, to form almost infinite number of standing waves, some of which are 'selected' by the substrate via complementary binding. </span></p>
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<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
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<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">I am not a quantum mechanician, but I think (please correct me if I am in
error) the enzyme catalytic mechanism depicted in Figure 1 can be represented in terms of the matrix algebra used in quantum mechanics thus:</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"> </span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"> A*S =<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;">λ*S
(5)</span></span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;"><br>
</span></span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;">where
A is the matrix consisting of all the possible conformational states of an enzyme, S is the substrate, and <span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;">λ
is the conformational state of the enzyme that is selected by S binding because it transforms S to P.</span> In physics, A is called the operator, S is the eigenvector, and <span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols; font-size: 13.3333px;">λ
is the eigenvalue. </span> </span><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">From the infomation-theoretic point of view, an </span><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">enzyme molecule can be viewed as the information source containing all the conformaitonal states accessible through thermal
fluctuations or Brownian motions, and substrate binding selects a subset of those conformational states that are conducive to catalytic actions. If the number of all possible conformational state of an enzyme is N and substrate S selects n of these to be
transformed into P, then the the amount of information generated by the catalytic reaction would be </span></p>
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</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"> log_2(N/n) bits,
(6)</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">assuming for simplicity that all the conformations accessible to the enzyme have
equal probabilities of being exposed to the substrate. </span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;">(<b>4</b>) Physicists recognize two complementary attributes of quantum entities, also called quons or wavicles -- (i)
</span><i style="font-size: 13.3333px;">static</i><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> and (ii)
</span><i style="font-size: 13.3333px;">dynamic</i><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> attributes. For example, the electron has the static attributes of mass, charge and spin magnitude and the dynamic attributes of position, momentum, and spin direction. Herbert
[6. p. 99] writes:</span><br>
</p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">"Each quon possesses two kinds of attributes static and dynamic. A static
attribute always has the same size each time it is measured, and thus serves to distinguish one type of quon from another. . . . " .</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">Similarly, I think it is reasonable to assume that DNA (and other biopolymers,
including enzymes, see (<b>3</b>) above) has two kinds of attributes -- (i) static (e.g., nucleotide sequences of genes) and (ii) dynamic (e.g., vibrational patterns of DNA as a whole which are predictable in principle, based on the Fourier theorem, from
the elementary vibrational motions of the molecules constituting the genetic alphabet, A, C, G and T). </span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">(<b>5</b>) The dynamic attributes of DNA may be compared to the audio music
and its static attributes with sheet music (see Rows 4 and 5 in Table 1). Table 1 contains other interesting comparisons between a piano and the DNA molecule viewed as <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">a self-organizing or self-playing molecular piano</span>,
in agreement with the recent conclusions drawn by S. Petohukhov who developed the novel system-resonance approach to studying the genetic codes [7, 8]. According to my crude estimation,
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><b>the maximum information capacity of DNA is about 200 bits</b></span> (see the 2nd Row, Table 1).</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<br>
</p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"></span></p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="638" style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt; background:rgb(238,236,225); border-collapse:collapse; border:none">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="638" colspan="3" valign="top" style="width:6.65in; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>Table 1.</b> The Postulate that DNA is a
<i>self-organizing molecular piano keyboard</i> (SOMPK)</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"> </p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"">DNA
</span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; line-height:normal">
<span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> <b>Piano</b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>1.</b> Units of oscillations </p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">~ 10<sup>10</sup> nucleotides </p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">88 keys</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>2.</b> Number of possible resonant oscillations</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">4<sup>10^10</sup> ~ almost infinite
<br>
<br>
<i>Maximum Shannon information content of DNA = </i></p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><i>log_2(4)^(10^10) =200 bits, if each oscillation can act as a potential message </i> </p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">almost infinite (?)</p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>3.</b> Agent</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Living cell</p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Pianist</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>4.</b> <span style="color:red">Dynamic structures</span></p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">(including standing waves)</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:#0070C0">Time-dependent folding patterns of DNA, chromatins and chromosomes</span></p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:#0070C0">which are thought to determine its biological functions (see Figure 8 in [3])</span></p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:#0070C0">Musical melodies<br>
(also called Audio music)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>5.</b> <span style="color:red">Static structures</span></p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:#0070C0">Nucleotide sequences of individual cells, not of species</span></p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="color:#0070C0">Sheet music</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>6.</b> Scale<br>
<br>
</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Microscopic <br>
<br>
</p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Macroscopic</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>7.</b> Thermal Fluctuations</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Essential for Function</p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Detrimental to Function</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="140" valign="top" style="width:104.75pt; border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b>8.</b> Obeys</p>
</td>
<td width="246" valign="top" style="width:184.5pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Matter-Energy Conservation Law<br>
<br>
Wave-Particle Duality Principle </p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">[2-4]<br>
<br>
Fourier Theorem</p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"> </p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Minimum Energy Requirement for Information Transmission</p>
</td>
<td width="253" valign="top" style="width:189.55pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:4.3pt 5.75pt 4.3pt 5.75pt">
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Matter-Energy Conservation Law<br>
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Wave-Particle Duality Principle<br>
[2-4]<br>
<br>
</p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Fourier Theorem</p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt"> </p>
<p style="margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt">Minimum Energy Requirement for Information Transmission</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
</p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
Any questions, corrections, or suggestions are welcome. </p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<br>
</p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
All the best.</p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px">Sung</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:13.3333px"><span style="font-size:12pt"><b>References:</b><br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1] </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ji, S. (2012). The Kinetics of Ligand-Protein Interactions: The</span><a title="The Pre-fit Mechanism" href="http://www.conformon.net/?attachment_id=983" target="_blank" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-image: initial; background-"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">“Pre-fit”
Mechanism </span></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Based on the Generalized Franck-Condon Principle. In: Molecular Theory of the Living Cell: Concepts, Molecular Mechanisms, and Biomeduical Applicaitons.
Springer, New Y0ork. Pp. 209-214. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Pre_fit_hypothesis_p209_p213.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Pre_fit_hypothesis_p209_p213.pdf</a><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Pre_fit_hypothesis_p209_p213.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk689805" previewremoved="true"></a><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Pre_fit_hypothesis_p209_p213.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true"></a></span></span></span></p>
<p style="color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif,EmojiFont,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji",NotoColorEmoji,"Segoe UI Symbol","Android Emoji",EmojiSymbols; font-size:12pt">
<span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12pt">[2] Ji</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt">, S.
</span><span style="font-size:12pt">(2016). </span></span><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_SymmetryFestival_2016.pdf" target="_blank" style="font-size: 12pt; background: transparent; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; color: rgb(106, 180, 70);"><span style="font-size:12pt">WAVE-PARTICLE
DUALITY IN PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES.</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> </span><em style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt">Symmetry:
Science and Culture</span></em><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">27</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> (2):
99-127 (2016). </span><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_SymmetryFestival_2016.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk621049" previewremoved="true"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_SymmetryFestival_2016.pdf</span></a></span><br>
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<p style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif, EmojiFont, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", NotoColorEmoji, "Segoe UI Symbol", "Android Emoji", EmojiSymbols;">
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12pt;"></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span><span style="font-size:12pt"> [3] Ji, S. </span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;">(2015). </span><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vienna_2015.pdf" target="_blank" title="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vienna_2015.pdf
Ctrl+Click or tap to follow the link" style="color: rgb(106, 180, 70); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; background: transparent;"><span style="font-size:12pt">Planckian
distributions in molecular machines, living cells, and brains: The wave-particle duality in biomedical sciences.</span></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> In: P</span><em style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt">roceedings
of the International Conference on Biology and Biomedical Engineering,</span></em><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Vienna, March 15-17, 2015. Pp. 115-137. </span><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vienna_2015.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk468629" previewremoved="true"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vienna_2015.pdf</span></a></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> [4] Ji, S. (2015). </span></span><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vigier9.pdf" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(106, 180, 70); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; background: transparent;"><span style="font-size:12pt">PLANCKIAN
INFORMATION (IP): A NEW MEASURE OF ORDER IN ATOMS, ENZYMES, CELLS, BRAINS, HUMAN SOCIETIES, AND THE COSMOS. </span></a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"> In: </span><em style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 12pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt">Unified
Field Mechanics: Natural Science beyond the Veil of Spacetime</span></em><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> (Amoroso, R., Rowlands, P., and Kauffman,
L. eds.), World Scientific, New Jersey, 2015, pp. 579-589). </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vigier9.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true">http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vigier9.pdf</a><br>
<a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vigier9.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPlnk600851" previewremoved="true"></a><a href="http://www.conformon.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/PDE_Vigier9.pdf" class="OWAAutoLink" previewremoved="true"></a></span></span>
[5] Ji, S. (2017). The Cell Language Theory: Connecting Mind and Matter. World Scientific Publications, New Jersey. Section 4.12.</span><span style="font-family: Lato, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"> <br>
</span></span><span style="color: rgb(106, 180, 70); font-size: 12pt; text-transform: uppercase;"> [6] Herbert, N. (1987). Quantum Reality: Beyond the New Physics, an Excursion into Metaphysics . . . Anchor Books, New York. <br>
[7] <span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Petoukhov, S. V. (2016). The system-resonance approach in modeling genetic structures. BioSystems 139:1-11. </span><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264715001732" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264715001732&source=gmail&ust=1510714400427000&usg=AFQjCNEvyDFnxt1W56XQPdhbT8wPGc7pZw" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">http://www.sciencedi<wbr>rect.com/science/article/pii/S<wbr>0303264715001732</a><br>
[8] <span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">Petoukihov, S. V. (2017). The rules of long DNA-sequences and tetra-groups of oligonucleotides. </span><a href="https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1709/1709.04943.pdf" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&q=https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1709/1709.04943.pdf&source=gmail&ust=1510714400427000&usg=AFQjCNEFu4cFsdxnqNl95ILxZHntYTZ1NA" style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px;">https://arxi<wbr>v.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1709/17<wbr>09.04943.pdf</a></span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Fis <fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es> on behalf of Christophe Menant <Christophe.Menant@hotmail.fr><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, November 13, 2017 11:27 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es<br>
<b>Cc:</b> fis@listas.unizar.es >> fis@listas.unizar.es<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Fis] TR: some notes</font>
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<p><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt">Thanks for that Pedro, <br>
</span><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt">Just a
</span><i style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt">few comments. </i><span style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:12pt"><br>
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<p><span style="font-size:12pt">All the best,</span><br>
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Christophe<br>
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<div id="x_x_x_x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>De :</b> Fis <fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es> de la part de Pedro C. Marijuan <pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> lundi 13 novembre 2017 14:30<br>
<b>À :</b> 'fis'<br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Fis] some notes </font>
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<div class="x_x_x_x_PlainText">Dear All,<br>
<br>
Herewith some notes on the exchanges of past weeks (sorry, I was away in <br>
bureaucratic tasks).<br>
<br>
1. Agents & Information. There were very good insights exchanged; <br>
probably both terms make a fertile marriage. Actually I have been <br>
writing about "informational entities" or "subjects" as <br>
receivers/builders of information but taking into account the other <br>
disciplines around, "agents" look as the most natural companion of <br>
information. The only thing I don't quite like is that they usually <br>
appear as abstract, disembodied communicative entities that do not need <br>
self-producing. Their communication is free from whatever life <br>
maintenance...<br>
<br>
<i>Yes, agents naturally go with information as they are the source of meaning <br>
generation, of sense making. Agents can be organic, human and artificial.<br>
(I look at agents as <span>identifyable entities submitted to internal <br>
constraints and capable of actions for the satisfaction of the constraints).</span><br>
Artificial agents can be looked at as disembodied but their being is <br>
derived from our human ones. So their self (if any) is part of the <br>
human designer's self.<br>
</i><br>
2. Eigenvectors of communication. Taking the motif from Loet, and <br>
continuing with the above, could we say that the life cycle itself <br>
establishes the eigenvectors of communication? It is intriguing that <br>
maintenance, persistence, self-propagation are the essential motives of <br>
communication for whatever life entities (from bacteria to ourselves). <br>
With the complexity increase there appear new, more sophisticated <br>
directions, but the basic ones probably remain intact. What could be <br>
these essential directions of communication?<br>
<br>
<p class="x_x_x_x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><i>Perhaps it could be interesting here to highlight that physics/chemistry <br>
and biology/psychology cannot address information the same way. <br>
Physics and chemistry use tools with precise definitions allowing to <br>
model our environment in a deterministic and predictable way <br>
(QM and Chaos deserving more investigations). <br>
Biology/psychology do not benefit of such rigorous mathematical <br>
support. We do not even know how to define life or consciousness, <br>
and our models are incomplete. <br>
So what about separating the two domains and looking at their relations<br>
as a third domain?<br>
1) Thermodynamics, entropy, quantity of information, channel capacity, <br>
data transmission.<br>
2) Meaning generation, biology and self-consciousness<br>
3) Emergence and locality of constraints, emergence of meanings<br>
This puts again the focus on meaning generation, a key evolutionary <br>
step without which we would not be here. <br>
Also, let's not forget that data transmission and quantification of <br>
information are about meaningful information.<br>
So why not consider internal constraint satisfaction, the source of <br>
meaning generation, as an essential direction of communication?</i></span></p>
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3. About logics in the pre-science, Joseph is quite right demanding that <br>
discussion to accompany principles or basic problems. Actually <br>
principles, rules, theories, etc. are interconnected or should be by a <br>
logic (or several logics?) in order to give validity and coherence to <br>
the different combinations of elements. For instance, in the <br>
biomolecular realm there is a fascinating interplay of activation and <br>
inhibition among the participating molecular partners (enzymes and <br>
proteins) as active elements. I am not aware that classical ideas from <br>
Jacob (La Logique du vivant) have been sufficiently continued; it is not <br>
about Crick's Central Dogma but about the logic of pathways, circuits, <br>
modules, etc. Probably both Torday and Ji have their own ideas about <br>
that-- I would be curious to hear from them.<br>
<br>
4. I loved Michel's response to Arturo's challenge. I think that the two <br>
"zeros" I mentioned days ago (the unsolved themes around the cycle and <br>
around the observer) imply both multidisciplinary thinking and <br>
philosophical speculation...<br>
<br>
Best wishes--Pedro<br>
<br>
-------------------------------------------------<br>
Pedro C. Marijuán<br>
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group<br>
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud<br>
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)<br>
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0<br>
50009 Zaragoza, Spain<br>
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)<br>
pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es<br>
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