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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Properties of Places
and of Objects</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>We have seen in this
chatroom that there is recognisance of the need to come up with something
dramatically new and innovative in the field of information theory, but also,
that having been educated in a specific fashion, it is not easy to think new
thoughts.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>So, if you kindly
allow, I shall wrap the new concept in such ideas and words which are not yet filled
up and reserved with abstract meanings. This is a technique which was used by
Swift, as he discussed he relationships between rulers and ruled, and by Lewis
Carroll, when discussing some logical syllogisms, to mention but two of the
classical writers. Some say that Aesop’s and La Fontaine’s fables are also
among the didactic fairy tales.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>What are the objects we abstract from: what the Sumers did</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>We are in Sumer, listening
to the discussions among the king(s), princes and wealthy courtiers. They
decide that they will invent now the positional algorithm, meaning that <i>where</i> a symbol is placed has as much
influence over the meaning of the resulting logical statement as <i>which </i>symbol it is. (Simplified example:
if A means 1, B means 2, C means 3, the invention of the day is that <span> </span>ABA means: 121 and not: 1 furthermore 2
furthermore 1. <i>The example is simplified:
they did not use the decimal system. Look up Wikipedia for a more exact
explanation of the principle.)</i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>What are the objects
that the scientists have agreed on to use as things that can have places? Not
every one of them had camels, not every one of them had date trees, not every
one of them had bushels of wheat. What each of them had was a harem with at
least – say – 60 ladies in each of the harems.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Now they had a set of
objects the individual properties of which could be dismissed; what can be
agreed on is then: only the number and therefore the position of the objects:
herewith delivering a solid epistemological basis for: so many identical
objects to the left (or right) of it, so many places to count. This results in
the property of the i-th lady to have the property of lady number i. </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>It is not the job of
the narrator to speculate about the experiences of the reader with a large
number of ladies, but in those long bygone days there could have been agreement
among the wealthy and speculative-minded Sumerians, that this method saves a
lot of discussions on who is the prima donna and why. </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The de-individuation
of the individual objects comes as a side-effect of assigning <i>places</i> as individuating properties to <i>objects.</i> Lady X is that lady who comes
the 4<sup>th</sup> night hence and that week where ladies ABACBAC follow each
other is different to that week where ladies BCAACBC offer their charms.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>To be able to
actually use the positional assignment based counting, it is necessary to go
through 3 steps of abstraction:</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><b><span><span>a)<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><b>De-individuate
the <i>objects</i> by assigning one absolute
ranking to them across all harems (women nr. 1: women represented by symbol A, women
nr. 2: women represented by symbol B, etc.);</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><b><span><span>b)<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><b>Individuate
the <i>places</i> by enumerating them 1, 2,
3, …. This they were able to do, because they have discovered the rules connecting
the 28 nights of the moon and some particularities of women and the 12 months
and the year: that is, they were able to enumerate in a <i>temporal </i>sequence, which they then transferred to a <i>linear </i>(geometric) sequence;</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt"><b><span><span>c)<span style="font:7pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><b>Individuate
the <i>permutation based on a sample with
replacement, </i>which is the method what we use till today to arrive at a picture
of a number. (We draw any of the symbols A,B,C,… and put it on place 1, then we
draw again from the same universe, obviously having replaced the element we had
drawn before, so it is again available. This 2<sup>nd</sup> element we put on
place 2. Then again we draw an element, again doing so as if there was an
endless supply of symbols, thinking ourselves to have replaced the sample drawn.
This fallacy of our imagination will entertain us much when discussing the
genetic information stricture.)</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt"><b> </b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>What we can improve on the Sumers: what they had no way of doing</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Had the Sumers been
of such gentle and wise disposition as we are, they had done the following
(also, they would have needed paper, pencil and computers):</b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>We establish the maximal number of describing aspects of the
objects</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>We of course know
that of a limited number of different objects, only a limited number of
distinct logical sentences can be said (after a while, one will start repeating
oneself. The maximal number of distinct descriptions of a set containing <i>n </i>objects <span> </span>– as can be read off OEIS/A242615 – is the
number of partitions of <i>n</i>, raised to
the power of the logarithm of the number of partitions of <i>n</i>. For all practical purposes, one will establish this upper limit
by calculating <i>n!, </i>building <i>ln(n!)</i> and creating <i>sqr(ln(n!)). </i>This is the number of independent describing
dimensions and agrees for <i>n<136 </i>quite
exactly to <i>ln(p(n)), </i>where <i>p(n) = number of partitions of n.</i>)</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>One can visualise
this upper limit as the <i>vertical depth </i>of
the logical sentence describing the set, where the <i>vertical depth </i>is understood to mean the number of sub-sentences
nested within the main sentence, which sub-sentences have the form: <i>of among which i are concurrently included
in groups of cardinality k, etc. </i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The <i>horizontal width </i>refers to the number of
same-level mutually exclusive subgroups that are built by imposing one of the –
roughly – <i>sqr(ln(n!)) </i>mutually
independent describing aspects.</b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="2" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>We place each element into one of the horizontal groups</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>To return to the
easily imaginable objects the Sumers have abstracted from, we make a catalogue
of the objects according to some properties of the objects. These properties
could be, e.g. sweetness of breath, likeness of the face to the Moon, pearl-comparable
shine of the teeth, fire in the eyes, silkiness of the skin, circumferences
a,b,c (for instance: wrist, ankles and neck), circumferences d,e,f (find your
own), etc. (The reader is recommended to study the works of great poets in his
or her own cultural tradition, e.g. Song of Songs, etc., for suitable
classifying aspects). <span> </span>The categories (=gradations)
within these horizontal groups are mutually exclusive. There can not be more
gradations per aspect as there are objects.</b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="3" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>We connect the elements across vertical groups</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Each of the ladies is
now characterised – and therefore individuated – by the assembly of symbols
which are not mutually exclusive. For instance, Lady X may be of excellent
sweetness of breath, moderate likeness of the roundness of the face to the
Moon, poor shine of the teeth and good fire in the eyes, etc. </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The differing enumerations
of the categories within the horizontal and the differing enumerations of the
aspects among the vertical describing dimensions are but mirroring effects,
giving different appearances to the same underlying position in an <i>sqr(ln(n!))</i>-dimensional space. The
important characteristics to pay attention to is the width of the horizontal
group (how many other elements share that symbol).</b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="4" type="a"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>We watch the patterns of re-appearances</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>If we think the
distribution of the category widths to be roughly close to the general rule:
many is frequent, few makes infrequent, we will be prepared to find <i>logical archetypes </i>which arise from
being in a broad category as a matter of probability in aspect A while being in
a moderately broad category as a concurrent matter of probability in aspect B,
etc. etc. </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="3" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b>Advantages of using a more complex assignment method than the
Sumers</b></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>By this method we
have maintained the individuality of the objects and have not flattened out their
immanent differences. Learning is, as we all know, based on deepening potential
associations. In order for the dog to learn that whistle means food coming,
there must exist the potentiality of a connection between whistle noise and smell
experience. </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>One can’t imagine any
kind of intelligence, be it artificial or natural-instinctive, without assuming
that associations can exist. Therefore, logical objects need to have some
innate, immanent, intrinsic relationship among each other.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>The Sumer method –
which is brilliantly reproduced by the Shannon algorithm – makes objects
uniform. Uniform objects can’t have different associations among each other.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>In order to be able
to understand learning, one has to go back and find out, where our forefathers
have – lacking the tools to do otherwise – had to help themselves by
simplifying the complexities which we cannot evade addressing.</b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b> </b></p>
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