<html>
<head>
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Pedro,<br>
<br>
Ortega's view of Aristotle conceiving sciences (epistemai) as
"uncommunicated" because based on different "principles" (archai)
is, in my view, a misunderstanding. Aristotle is very careful in
his starting (!) analysis of concepts (before delimitating /
terminus their fields) having different meanings also in everyday
language. His standard formulation for this is "this and this
concept is being said in different ways" or in the case of the
concept of 'being' 'to on legetai pollachos'. So, it is this
differentiation of the uses of concepts (See Wittgenstein on this)
which makes a translation (meta-pherein, trans-lation, not
metaphorics) or 'communication' possible between the fields in
which concepts/words are used. This possibility of 'translation'
is the underlying 'principle' upon which we can start conceiving
new 'paradigms' in science or new ways of being, or creativity in
technology etc.<br>
This takes us also to a plurality of ways of thinking that are
also ways of being, among the, the differences analyzed by Ortega
between ancient, modern and present (at Ortega's time) of science.
In fact, the concept of science itself 'legetai pollachos'. All
this implies an open relation to language and particularly to
language 'as' information. Leibniz view of this 'communication' is
the one of an invinite 'unfolding' of perspectives (according also
to his view of infinitesimal calculus). See on this: Gilles
Deleuze: Le pli. Leibniz et le baroque (1988)<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.leseditionsdeminuit.fr/livre-Le_Pli-2022-1-1-0-1.html">http://www.leseditionsdeminuit.fr/livre-Le_Pli-2022-1-1-0-1.html</a><br>
This 'unfolding' of possible (infinite) perspectives implies a
concept (!) of time that is dependent on its measurability
(following also Aristotle's famous definition of time as the
measure of what is before and after (a process). But the problem
with this (possible) view of time is that it is based (in
'principle') on a perspective of the movement of natural
phenomena. Heidegger's 'Being and Time' (and later on Derrida and
others) questionned this 'principle' by stating that this reduces
time as a 'following' of 'nows' giving the priority to the present
(what 'is' is what is present). This is usefull indeed for
measurement also of human time, but human time is three
dimensional and so Heidegger (and partly also Ortega with his
concept of (human) life) did what Popper would call a
'falsification' of the prevailing concept of time by analyzing a
way of being of a being, which are we ourselves, in which case
past, present and future are not reduced to 'being as present': if
we loose our relation to past (as non-being) and future (also as
non-being), then we have not only a very poor view on human life
but also serious problems of different kinds. Present digital
technology focuses on time 'as' present and so we live in some way
under the 'pressure' of this time regime.<br>
The relation between words and concepts or language and
information was analyzed carefully by Carl Friedrich von
Weizsäcker. I wrote about this a short text in 1981 (!) on a
dialogue between Heidegger and Weizsäcker (and others) that took
place in a meeting in Munich in 1953 on "Arts in a technological
Age".<br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.capurro.de/heidinf.htm">http://www.capurro.de/heidinf.htm</a><br>
<br>
best<br>
Rafael<br>
<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:350dd9a6-d07d-e1d8-c1f5-419b053b272d@aragon.es"
type="cite">
<meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
http-equiv="Content-Type">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear FISers,<br>
<p>Taking seriously the idea of information principles, quite
probably demands a specific discussion on principles. Why do
we need "principles" at all? Because of our cognitive
limitations. An infinite intellect would traverse all spans of
knowledge without any discontinuity--presumably. In our
collective scientific enterprise, however, we create special
disciplines in order to share understandable discourses
between the limited individuals of each thought-collective. As
knowledge accumulates and gets more and more complex,
particularly in the encounter with other discourses, the
growing epistemic distances fragment the original discipline,
and a new subdiscipline becomes necessary. It starts then a
fresh new discourse, with its own principles. In my brief
mention of Ortega, what he accuses Leibnitz is that being the
champion of principles in science, he becomes fragmentary and
asystematic in his meta-scientific/philosophical "mode of
thinking": the hypersystematic expresses himself fragmentarily
(Ortega dixit). It is curious that along the survey of
principles in Ortega's book, the most frequent interlocutor is
not Leibnitz, but Aristotle! Although Husserl, Heidegger,
Descartes, Pappus, Plato, Suarez, Spinoza... and some others
big names also appear, his main concern (to my taste) is
discussing Aristotle's view of specialized disciplines
starting from their respective principles,
empirically-sensuously obtained and "uncommunicated" in
between the different fields. It is very intriguing.</p>
<p>If the principles of different disciplines are factually
uncommunicated, the info science view of a new body of
knowledge running across all scales is caught into a difficult
"principled" position. Nevertheless, the three blocks I
distinguished (info per se, bioinfo, ecology of knowledge)
seem to allow some fertile conjugation inside/outside... but
the problem remains. I think it is solvable, as in our times
there is a central element that allows a whole new scientific
discourse on information. The dense relationship between life
and information has nowadays acquired a formidable empirical
background, leveraged by the most basic disciplines--physics,
chemistry, computer science, and biology itself.<br>
</p>
<p>More concretely, the notion of the "information flow" can
almost be sketched properly, both in its signaling textures
and in the fundamental relationship with the life cycle--and
not very differently along the evolutionary process.
Thereafter, recombination appears as one of the fundamental
emergences in the growing complexity of the evolving
information dynamics around life cycles and information/energy
flows. The recombination phenomenon happens for the
knowledge-stocks of cells, nervous systems, enterprises,
sciences-technologies-cultures... It accumulates amazing
combinatoric, topological, dynamic, and closure properties in
the different realms, flowing up and down among scales,
multidimensionally, and maintaining afloa the whole game of
adaptive existences.</p>
<p>Our disciplines may apparently work by themselves,
autonomously, but actually they do not. Rather than "on top",
they work "on tap". They endlessly recombine in the ecology of
knowledge, differently for each problem and for each occasion,
creating new theoretical and applied subdisciplines in the
thousands. Information science has to shed light on that
fundamental factor of contemporary societies. And more
"psychologically" this discipline has to put LIFE, both
individual life and social life, at the very center of the
sharing of meaning. A new way of thinking starting from
specific information principles will liberate our limited
intellects to more creative endeavors. It is time to quote
Whitehead: "Civilization advances by extending the number of
important operations which we can perform without thinking
about them. Operations of thought are like cavalry charges in
a battle —they are strictly limited in number, they require
fresh horses, and must only be made at decisive moments.<span
class="st">"</span><br>
</p>
Best wishes--Pedro<br>
<br>
<br>
El 20/09/2017 a las 17:46, Michel Godron escribió:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:7c7fd99f-d422-8c9b-c262-109d8bcfd537@wanadoo.fr"
type="cite">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<p>My remarks are written in red <br>
</p>
<div class="moz-signature">Bien reçu votre message. MERCI.
Cordialement. M. Godron</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Le 20/09/2017 à 13:54, Pedro C.
Marijuan a écrit :<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:903f473c-ce98-9425-3b3e-cf357bae89cc@aragon.es">
<meta http-equiv="Context-Type" content="text/html;
charset=windows-1252">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear FISers,<br>
<br>
Many thanks for all the comments and criticisms. Beyond
concrete agreements/disagreements the discussion is lively,
and that is the main point. It is complicate pointing at
some fundamental, ultimate reality based on disciplinary
claims. Putting it differently, the hierarchies between
scientific disciplines were fashionable particularly in the
reductionism times; but now fortunately those decades (70s,
80s) are far away. Actually, the new views taking shape are
not far from the term "knowledge recombination" that appears
in some of the principles discussed. Modern research could
be typified by being: curiosity-led, technologically driven,
multi-scaled, interdisciplinary, and integrative
(paraphrasing Cuthill et al., 2017). Contemporary
philosophers like John Dupré have dealt with some soft
"perspectivism" but they do not deal with the disciplinary
recombination rigorously. I think this is one of the main
concerns of our nascent info-science.<br>
Rafael in his message enters into some undergrounds of the
idea of Principles/Methods/Explanations in the way Ortega
discusses it for Leibnitz. That book is particularly dense,
and I am not aware of interesting synthesis about it. One of
its early claims is that Principles have to be evident
(intuitive for Husserl), useful for verification and for the
construction of logical proofs, and further they have to
open "new ways of thinking" ("modos de pensar" for Ortega).<font
color="#cc0000">I fully agree.</font> For Leibnitz,
according to Ortega, "thinking is proving" so the classical
emphasis was on the logical power of principles. <font
color="#cc0000">Leibniz has built une "combinatoire"
calculable .</font>But their capability to support an
inspiring new way of thinking was ignored or just left
implicit. <font color="#cc0000">Leibniz has largely
developed new ways of thinking, mainly in his <i>Théodicée</i><i>.</i>
! </font>And this is a big problem not only in our field
but in many multidisciplinary endeavors: excellent research
ideas are accompanied by really vulgar "metaphysics" (or
better, metadisciplinary views). See for instance the Big
Data research on so-called "social physics". Or the
excellent book on "Scale" recently published (great at
climbing from atoms to cells, organisms, enterprises, and
cities; but really poor in the multifarious
information/communication underlying worlds).<font
color="#cc0000"> The book <i>Ecologie et évolution du
monde vivant </i>showed how Brillouin's information
helps to understand Life at all scales by
self-organization. Would you like that I send two or three
pages explaining that in my poor english ? </font><br>
Anyhow, these are superficial comments inspired by the many
excellent messages exchanged. There is a self-organization
of the discussion taking place, and it is nice that we are
concentrating discussion on the 3 first principles, somehow
devoted to information per se. Once we smash these topics,
we may go for the biologically related (principles 4-6),
later on for the recombination and ecology of knowledge
(principles 7-9), and finally for the ethical goals of our
new science efforts, as Joseph has commented (principle 10).<br>
<br>
Best whishes to all<br>
--Pedro <br>
<br>
<br>
The El 19/09/2017 a las 11:30, Pedro C. Marijuan escribió:<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:1f5928c8-80f7-2a18-361f-e3de6089136b@aragon.es"
type="cite">
<p>-------- Mensaje reenviado --------</p>
<div class="moz-forward-container">
<table class="moz-email-headers-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th nowrap="nowrap">Asunto: </th>
<td>Re: [Fis] PRINCIPLES OF IS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th nowrap="nowrap">Fecha: </th>
<td>Tue, 19 Sep 2017 09:21:51 +0200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th nowrap="nowrap">De: </th>
<td>Rafael Capurro <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:rafael@capurro.de"
moz-do-not-send="true"><rafael@capurro.de></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th nowrap="nowrap">Responder a: </th>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:rafael@capurro.de"
moz-do-not-send="true">rafael@capurro.de</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th nowrap="nowrap">Para: </th>
<td>Pedro C. Marijuan <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es"
moz-do-not-send="true"><pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Pedro,<br>
<br>
a short comment to your intro to the 10 principles: I
very much agree with your views (following Ortega) that
information science can be conceived as a multifaceted
or "multifarious" network of concepts and theories
dealing phenomena partly related partly not (yet)
related with each other for which we need different
languages/concepts and 'translations' and kinds of
calculations also with regard to their goals and
'utility'. <br>
<br>
If this makes sense, then we should try to develop some
kind of 'principles' or 'archai' in the Greek sense,
i.e., of 'initial forces' that give rise to
possibilities of 'un-concealing' different kinds of
phenomena that we could not see when disregarding other
paths or by not entering through other 'portals' each
portal announcing different kinds of what makes sense or
not when entering the path. <br>
<br>
Sometimes it makes sense to go up and see the landscapes
from the top, knowing that this view(s) from the top
also conceal a lot of things on the bottom. It is
easiear to understand these 'principles' if we have
experience with walking in the mountains (but also in
other natural and artificial environments like a forest,
a desert, cities etc.). Maybe we could learn from such
experiences which kind of 'principles' are to be
conssidered in the 'methods' (hodos = path) of
scientific research. <br>
<br>
So, my suggestion is to invite our FIS colleagues to
describe phenomenologically their walking experiences
and 'principles' in different enviroments (mountains
etc.) and try to 'translate' (trans-late) them into the
field of information science.<br>
<br>
Best<br>
<br>
Rafael<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote
cite="mid:24f7e2aa-a275-0ede-d401-550a3a8aa5fc@aragon.es"
type="cite"> Dear FIS Colleagues,<br>
<br>
As promised herewith the "10 principles of information
science". A couple of previous comments may be in order.
<br>
First, what is in general the role of principles in
science? I was motivated by the unfinished work of
philosopher Ortega y Gasset, "The idea of principle in
Leibniz and the evolution of deductive theory"
(posthumously published in 1958). Our tentative
information science seems to be very different from
other sciences, rather multifarious in appearance and
concepts, and cavalierly moving from scale to scale.
What could be the specific role of principles herein?
Rather than opening homogeneous realms for conceptual
development, these information principles would appear
as a sort of "portals" that connect with essential
topics of other disciplines in the different
organization layers, but at the same time they should
try to be consistent with each other and provide a
coherent vision of the information world.<br>
And second, about organizing the present discussion, I
bet I was too optimistic with the commentators scheme.
In any case, for having a first glance on the whole
scheme, the opinions of philosophers would be very
interesting. In order to warm up the discussion, may I
ask John Collier, Joseph Brenner and Rafael Capurro to
send some initial comments / criticisms? Later on, if
the commentators idea flies, Koichiro Matsuno and
Wolfgang Hofkirchner would be very valuable voices to
put a perspectival end to this info principles
discussion (both attended the Madrid bygone FIS 1994
conference)... <br>
But this is FIS list, unpredictable in between the
frozen states and the chaotic states! So, everybody is
invited to get ahead at his own, with the only customary
limitation of two messages per week.<br>
<br>
Best wishes, have a good weekend --Pedro<br>
<br>
<p><b>10 </b><b>PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATION SCIENCE</b></p>
<p>1. Information is information, neither matter nor
energy.</p>
<p>2. Information is comprehended into structures,
patterns, messages, or flows.</p>
<p>3. Information can be recognized, can be measured,
and can be processed (either computationally or
non-computationally).</p>
<p>4. Information flows are essential organizers of
life's self-production processes--anticipating,
shaping, and mixing up with the accompanying energy
flows.</p>
<p>5. Communication/information exchanges among adaptive
life-cycles underlie the complexity of biological
organizations at all scales.</p>
<p>6. It is symbolic language what conveys the essential
communication exchanges of the human species--and
constitutes the core of its "social nature." </p>
<p>7. Human information may be systematically converted
into efficient knowledge, by following the "knowledge
instinct" and further up by applying rigorous
methodologies.</p>
<p>8. Human cognitive limitations on knowledge
accumulation are partially overcome via the social
organization of "knowledge ecologies." <br>
</p>
<p>9. Knowledge circulates and recombines socially, in a
continuous actualization that involves "creative
destruction" of fields and disciplines: the
intellectual <i>Ars Magna.</i> <br>
</p>
<p>10. Information science proposes a new, radical
vision on the information and knowledge flows that
support individual lives, with profound consequences
for scientific-philosophical practice and for social
governance. <br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0
50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" moz-do-not-send="true">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/" moz-do-not-send="true">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
------------------------------------------------- </pre>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" moz-do-not-send="true">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" moz-do-not-send="true">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Prof.em. Dr. Rafael Capurro
Hochschule der Medien (HdM), Stuttgart, Germany
Capurro Fiek Foundation for Information Ethics (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.capurro-fiek-foundation.org" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.capurro-fiek-foundation.org</a>)
Distinguished Researcher at the African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics (ACEIE), Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Chair, International Center for Information Ethics (ICIE) (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://icie.zkm.de" moz-do-not-send="true">http://icie.zkm.de</a>)
Editor in Chief, International Review of Information Ethics (IRIE) (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.i-r-i-e.net" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.i-r-i-e.net</a>)
Postal Address: Redtenbacherstr. 9, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
E-Mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rafael@capurro.de" moz-do-not-send="true">rafael@capurro.de</a>
Voice: + 49 - 721 - 98 22 9 - 22 (Fax: -21)
Homepage: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.capurro.de" moz-do-not-send="true">www.capurro.de</a>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es" moz-do-not-send="true">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis" moz-do-not-send="true">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0
50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es" moz-do-not-send="true">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/" moz-do-not-send="true">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
------------------------------------------------- </pre>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
-------------------------------------------------
Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0
50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
------------------------------------------------- </pre>
<br>
<fieldset class="mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<br>
<pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
Fis mailing list
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis">http://listas.unizar.es/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/fis</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
<p><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Prof.em. Dr. Rafael Capurro
Hochschule der Medien (HdM), Stuttgart, Germany
Capurro Fiek Foundation for Information Ethics (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.capurro-fiek-foundation.org">http://www.capurro-fiek-foundation.org</a>)
Distinguished Researcher at the African Centre of Excellence for Information Ethics (ACEIE), Department of Information Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Chair, International Center for Information Ethics (ICIE) (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://icie.zkm.de">http://icie.zkm.de</a>)
Editor in Chief, International Review of Information Ethics (IRIE) (<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.i-r-i-e.net">http://www.i-r-i-e.net</a>)
Postal Address: Redtenbacherstr. 9, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
E-Mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:rafael@capurro.de">rafael@capurro.de</a>
Voice: + 49 - 721 - 98 22 9 - 22 (Fax: -21)
Homepage: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.capurro.de">www.capurro.de</a>
</pre>
</body>
</html>