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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p style='margin-left:.5in'>Everybody defines information in the way he prefers: subjective, biotic, bit, and so on. <br>Therefore, every study that talks about "information" is meaningless.<span style='color:#44546A'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Dear Arturo, <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>The “Therefore” does not follow. It is a non-igitur. For example, Shannon’s information theory is not necessarily meaningless, although the measure (e.g., bits) is devoid of meaning. It provides, among other things, a statistics. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'>On the other side, I suggested in a previous post how the information entropy (such as Shannon's, or Bekenstein's, or Hawking's) may change according to the relativistic speed of the hypothetical observer. <o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Rather obscure, in my opinion. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'>Therefore, I suggest to fully remove the term "information" from every scientific account. The term "information" refers, in Popper's terms, to a not falsifiable theory, to pseudoscience: it is a metaphysical claim, like the concepts of Essence, Being, God and so on. <span style='color:#44546A'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>All mathematical theories are non-falsifiable. Shannon-type information is just a measure. Information can be provided with subjective meaning. Many of our colleagues confuse this subjective meaning of information with information itself. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Information can also be provided with (inter-subjective) meaning in a discourse such as biology or physics. The discourse then functions as an “observer”. However, the meaningful information (the signal) is to be distinguished from the information as uncertainty (noise; variation) before this selection.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Loet<o:p></o:p></span></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'> <o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-left:.5in'>Therefore, by now, the term "information" is definitely out of my scientific vocabulary. <br> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=mail-app-auto-default-signature><p style='margin-left:.5in'>--<br>Inviato da Libero Mail per Android<o:p></o:p></p></div></div></body></html>