<html><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Dear Pedro and Colleague,<div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On 27 Feb 2017, at 17:39, Pedro C. Marijuan wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite"> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"> <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"> <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Dear Arturo and colleagues,<br> <br> Very interesting piece, indeed. It has strongly reminded me Teilhard de Chardin's views on the Omega Point of cosmic maximal complexity--although this was for him not a pessimistic outcome but a brilliant and up-beating prospect for all humankind. His eclectic views were bitterly rejected by most of the scientific and religious establishment of his time (no wonder that particularly by evolutionary biologists); but the arrival of Internet, as well as today's multi-level selection approaches, and the works of some quantum information scientists (Tipler, Deutsch) have vindicated his brave, Quixotic figure. Late Popes of the Catholic Church (Benedict XVI) have also vindicated his whole intellectual legacy.<br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>My favorite de Chardin's proposition is, from memory:</div><div><br></div><div> "We are not human beings having spiritual experiences, we are spiritual beings having human experiences.</div><div><br></div><div> <div><br></div> <div>That is close to the theology of the neopytagorean Moderatus of Gades, and close to the neoplatonist Plotinus, Porphyry, ... And they are formally close to the "theology" of the universal numbers. (and even intuitively so assuming the computationalist hypothesis in cognitive science, through sequence of thought experiences).</div><div><br></div> <div><br></div> <div>It reminds me also of Shrî Aurobindo, when he said:</div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><div><div>"What, you ask, was the beginning of it all?</div><div><br></div><div>And it is this ...</div><div>Existence that multiplied itself</div><div>For sheer delight of being</div><div>And plunged into numberless trillions of forms</div><div>So that it might</div><div>Find </div><div>Itself</div><div>Innumerably"</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Tipler and Deutsch defend Everett "many-worlds", but computationalism per se shows that very elementary arithmetic determines a web of dreams, from which the physical reality is a sort of limiting projection. Everett quantum mechanics (the usual minus the wave packet reduction) confirms somehow the internal (canonical) web of dreams interpretation of arithmetic.</div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><div class="moz-cite-prefix"> <br> I have some minor problems with the present essay, but substituting some of the excessively teleological "purposive" terms about life (perhaps all of them?), and using instead a more austere description of organizational facts.... who knows! If life contains a unitary principle, I think it is more subtle, and cannot be expressed in unilateral physical terms </div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Provably so if we assume mechanism. Contrarily to a widely spread opinion: mechanism is not compatible with even quite weak form of materialism, or physicalism.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><div class="moz-cite-prefix">such as maximum entropy production, symmetry restoration, free energy maximization, etc. Well, symmetry and information have more clout and hidden complexity, so I express not a rejection but some uneasiness regarding too direct "orthogenetic" views on biological and social evolution. <br> <br> My further suggestion --could it be a good idea that you change Monod's style "unpleasantness" (Oh, we the accidental discover that we are alone in the cosmos!) and point towards some of Teilhard's and Vernadsky's noosphere and the Omega Point? You would have several curious items to choose...<br> <br> More opinions??<br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>God created the natural numbers, and saw that it was good.</div><div><br></div><div>Then she said: add yourself, and saw that is was good.</div><div><br></div><div>Then she said: multiply yourself. And then ... she said: oops, ... and lose control.</div><div><br></div><div>Like the complexity of the prime numbers distribution already illustrates, the logicians know that classical logic + addition of integers + multiplication of integers leads to the Church-Turing Universality of the reality under concern, "generating *all* universal numbers, and they know that the universal machines, or universal numbers put a lot of mess in Plato Heaven. The price of universality is loss of controllability, and the appearances of realms defying all complete theories.</div><div><br></div><div>The physical reality is the border of the arithmetical reality "seen from inside (by the universal numbers)". The breaking of symmetries are in the universal mind, like the symmetries themselves. The universal mind is the mind common to all universal numbers. ("universal" always taken in the Church-Turing-Kleene-Post-Markov sense).</div><div><br></div><div>The "god" of the machine (the relatively locally finite being) seems to be like a universal baby playing hide and seek with itself.</div><div><br></div><div>I doubt we are alone in the probable apparent Cosmos that we can observe, but we are not alone in Arithmetic, provably so if you assume Digital Mechanism (a thesis equivalent with the belief that consciousness is invariant for some recursive permutations). </div><div><br></div><div>Best wishes to you, and all,</div><div><br></div><div>Bruno</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000"><div class="moz-cite-prefix"> <br> Best wishes to all--Pedro <br> <br> El 24/02/2017 a las 16:24, <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</a> escribió:<br> </div> <blockquote cite="mid:239441002.519301487949866977.JavaMail.httpd@webmail-60.iol.local" type="cite"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Dear FISers, </span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">hi! </span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">A possible novel discussion (if you like it, of course!): </span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><br> </span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><font face="Times New Roman, serif" color="#000000"><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><b>A SYMMETRY-BASED ACCOUNT OF LIFE AND EVOLUTION</b></span></font><br> </p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">After the Big Bang, a gradual increase in thermodynamic entropy is occurring in our Universe (Ellwanger, 2012). Because of the relationships between entropy and symmetries (</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Roldán et al., 2014</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">), the number of cosmic symmetries, the highest possible at the very start, is declining as time passes. Here the evolution of living beings comes into play. Life is a space-limited increase of energy and complexity, and therefore of symmetries. The evolution proceeds towards more complex systems (Chaisson, 2010), until more advanced forms of life able to artificially increase the symmetries of the world. Indeed, the human brains’ cognitive abilities not just think objects and events more complex than the physical ones existing in Nature, but build highly symmetric crafts too. For example, human beings can watch a rough stone, imagine an amygdala and build it from the same stone. Humankind is able, through its ability to manipulate tools and technology, to produce objects (and ideas, i.e., equations) with complexity levels higher than the objects and systems encompassed in the pre-existing physical world. Therefore, human beings are naturally built by evolution in order to increase the number of environmental symmetries. This is in touch with recent claims, suggesting that the brain is equipped with a number of functional and anatomical dimensions higher than the 3D environment (Peters et al., 2017). Intentionality, typical of the living beings and in particular of the human mind, may be seen as a mechanism able to increase symmetries. As Dante Alighieri stated (<i>Hell,</i> <i>XXVI, 118-120</i>), “y<i>ou were not made to live as brutes, but to follow virtue and knowledge</i>”. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In touch with Spencer’s (1860) and Tyler’s (1881) claims, it looks like evolutionary mechanisms tend to achieve increases in environmental complexity, and therefore symmetries (Tozzi and Peters, 2017). Life is produced in our Universe in order to restore the initial lost symmetries. At the beginning of life, increases in symmetries are just local, e.g., they are related to the environmental niches where the living beings are placed. However, in long timescales, they might be extended to the whole Universe. For example, Homo sapiens, in just 250.000 years, has been able to build the Large Hadron Collider, where artificial physical processes make an effort to approximate the initial symmetric state of the Universe. Therefore, life is a sort of gauge field (Sengupta et al., 2016), e.g., a combination of forces and fields that try to counterbalance and restore, in very long timescales, the original cosmic symmetries, lost after the Big Bang. Due to physical issues, the “homeostatic” cosmic gauge field must be continuous, e.g., life must stand, proliferate and increase in complexity over very long timescales. This is the reason why every living being has an innate tendency towards self-preservation and proliferation. With the death, continuity is broken. This talks in favor of intelligent life scattered everywhere in the Universe: if a few species get extinct, others might continue to proliferate and evolve in remote planets, in order to pursue the goal of the final symmetric restoration. In touch with long timescales’ requirements, it must be kept into account that life has been set up after a long gestation: a childbearing which encompasses the cosmic birth of fermions, then atoms, then stars able to produce the more sophisticated matter (metals) required for molecular life. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">A symmetry-based framework gives rise to two opposite feelings, by our standpoint of human beings. On one side, we achieve the final answer to long-standing questions: “<i>why are we here?</i>”, “<i>Why does the evolution act in such a way?</i>”, an answer that reliefs our most important concerns and gives us a <i>sense</i>; on the other side, however, this framework does not give us any hope: we are just micro-systems programmed in order to contribute to restore a partially “broken” macro-system. And, in case we succeed in restoring, through our mathematical abstract thoughts and craftsmanship, the initial symmetries, we are nevertheless doomed to die: indeed, the environment equipped with the starting symmetries does not allow the presence of life.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman",serif;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">REFERENCES<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;mso-add-space: auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language: EN-US">1)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Chaisson EJ. 2010. Energy Rate Density as a Complexity Metric and Evolutionary Driver. Complexity, v 16, p 27, 2011; DOI: 10.1002/cplx.20323.<o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">2)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Ellwanger U. 2012. From the Universe to the Elementary Particles. A First Introduction to Cosmology and the Fundamental Interactions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. ISBN 978-3-642-24374-5.<o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">3)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Peters JF, Ramanna S, Tozzi A, Inan E. 2017. Frontiers Hum Neurosci. BOLD-independent computational entropy assesses functional donut-like structures in brain fMRI image. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00038. <o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">4)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Sengupta B, Tozzi A, Coray GK, Douglas PK, Friston KJ. 2016. Towards a Neuronal Gauge Theory. PLOS Biology 14 (3): e1002400. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002400.<o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">5)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Spencer H. 1860. System of Synthetic Philosophy. <o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:13.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1; layout-grid-mode:char;mso-layout-grid-align:none"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language: EN-US">6)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="IT">Roldán E, Martínez IA, Parrondo JMR, Petrov D. 2014. </span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Universal features in the energetics of symmetry breaking. <i>Nat. Phys. 10</i>, 457–461.<o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height: normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">7)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Tozzi A, Peters JF. 2017. Towards Topological Mechanisms Underlying Experience Acquisition and Transmission in the Human Brain. J.F. Integr. psych. behav. doi:10.1007/s12124-017-9380-z<o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">8)<span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Tyler EB. 1881. Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization. <o:p></o:p></span><!--[endif]--></p> <div><br> </div> <div><br> </div><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; text-align: start;"><font face="courier new, monospace"><b>Arturo Tozzi</b></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><font face="courier new, monospace">AA Professor Physics, University North Texas</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; text-align: start;"><font face="courier new, monospace">Pediatrician ASL Na2Nord, Italy</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; text-align: start;"><font face="courier new, monospace">Comput Intell Lab, University Manitoba</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin-top:12.0pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-add-space:auto;text-align:justify; line-height:115%;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><font face="courier new, monospace"><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(5, 68, 126); line-height: normal; text-align: start;">http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/</a><span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; text-align: start;"> </span></font><br> </p> </div> <br> </blockquote> <br><p><br> </p> <pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
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Pedro C. Marijuán
Grupo de Bioinformación / Bioinformation Group
Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud
Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA)
Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 0
50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Tfno. +34 976 71 3526 (& 6818)
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es">pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/">http://sites.google.com/site/pedrocmarijuan/</a>
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