<div dir="ltr">I am on the same page as Steve Bindernan, but I start from a different perspective. The neuroscience model of perception limit us to becoming conscious of representations of our environment. Direct perception is not possible and so we do not become conscious of material objects and instead become conscious of forms of material objects (created by neural activity) that represent material objects. This is all we are able to do given the way our perceptual system works. <div><br></div><div><div style="text-align:justify">This limits us to <span style="font-size:12.8px;text-align:justify">Alfred Korzybski's maps, or as I refer to them, representations. These are forms that our neural system constructs using information gathered through perception. We often treat these forms (representations) as if they "are" identical to the material objects they represent. This works well when the representations are clear and unambiguous. But when, for example, our vision is blurred it is quite apparent that we become conscious of </span><span style="font-size:12.8px;text-align:justify"> "blurred images" (representations). The simplest explanation is that we always become conscious of images (maps) that are forms, but when these are clear and unambiguous we treat them as being identical to what they represent. </span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px;text-align:justify"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px">In this model information provides what is needed to construct images or forms and the term "in-formation" is descriptive of the informing process.</span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px">To explain the connection between information and meaning we need to recognise that our language must, in the first instance refer to the forms we become conscious of. For example, the word "tree" must refer in the first instance to the form "tree" that our brain constructs. (This form can be vague enough to represent any tree.) The word "tree" can then also refer to what this form often represents - a material tree. In this model we can think of language as a coding system in which we have learnt associations between words and mental forms, so that the word "tree" calls to mind the form "tree" (its meaning). </span><span style="font-size:12.8px">This gives language the flexibility to refer to any mental form that we have associated with a word and when we speak of the meaning of a sentence we are referring to the mental forms created when we read/hear that sentence. </span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px"><br></span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12.8px">So, according to this model, we are informed of our environment through perception and use the information to create mental models (meanings). We then use these models to represent material entities/scenes that can be thought of as the meanings of the models - so a 2 stage process of meanings, rather than the usual linguistic model in which language refers directly to the material world and various abstract objects (propositions, possible worlds etc.) have to be created to account for the meanings of sentences. </span></div><div style="text-align:justify"><br></div><div style="text-align:justify">This representational approach leads to a radically different linguistic theory, but is consistent with neuroscience, information and information theory. </div><div style="text-align:justify"><br></div><div style="text-align:justify">To me, the key is being able to reject what I term the direct perception intuition that makes us believe that we are capable of direct perception. Once this is done we can create a set of integrated models that link neural activity to information theory and a new representational language theory that is very similar to Shannon information theory. </div><div style="text-align:justify"><br></div><div>Dick Stoute</div><div class="gmail_signature"><br><br></div>
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