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<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=joe.brenner@bluewin.ch href="mailto:joe.brenner@bluewin.ch">Joseph
Brenner</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=fis@listas.unizar.es
href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Cc:</B> <A title=tozziarturo@libero.it
href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, December 07, 2016 3:15 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Fw: [Fis] Fwd: R: Re: Who may proof that consciousness is
an Euclidean n-space ??? Logic</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear Folks,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Arturo wrote:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=3>"therefore logic, in general, cannot be anymore useful in the
description of our world. </FONT>I'm sad about that, but that's
all." </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>The answer is to change logic from one of
propositions (<FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>Lesniewski-Tarski) or
mathematics (Zermelo-Fraenkel) to one of the states of real processes (Lupasco;
Logic in Reality). Why this is not even considered as an option for serious
discussion is a great mystery to me.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Arturo also said:</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>"The concepts of locality and of cause/effect disappear in front of the
puzzling phenomenon of quantum entanglement, which is intractable in terms of
logic."</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>Here, I fully agree; Logic in Reality also does not apply to quantum
phenomena. It is limited to description of processes involving thermodynamic
change in which there is a mutual interaction between elements as
individuals, including people. I do not claim it allows causal prediction,
but logical inference. </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Arturo:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>"The same stands for nonlinear chaotic phenomena, widespread in nature,
from pile sands, to bird flocks and to brain function. When biforcations
occur in logistic plots and chaotic behaviours take place, the final systems'
ouputs are not anymore causally predictable."</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Here, I agree with Arturo but for a different
reason. The non-linear phenomena mentioned are <EM>too simple. </EM>In crowd
behavior, individual interactions are absent or meaningless -
information_as_data. Brain behavior of this kind is of lower complexity and
interest, involving mostly lower level</FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2> functionalities, although they they may accompany higher
level cognitive functions. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I look forward to point by point refutation
of or agreement with the above.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Best wishes,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Joseph</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----
<DIV style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A
title=tozziarturo@libero.it
href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=fis@listas.unizar.es
href="mailto:fis@listas.unizar.es">fis</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, December 07, 2016 9:10 AM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> [Fis] Fwd: R: Re: Who may proof that consciousness is an
Euclidean n-space ???</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>-------- Messaggio inoltrato -------- Da: <A
href="mailto:tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</A> A: Jerry LR
Chandler <A
href="mailto:jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com">jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com</A>
Data: martedì, 06 dicembre 2016, 11:17AM +01:00 Oggetto: R: Re: [Fis] Who may
proof that consciousness is an Euclidean n-space ???<BR><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE id=mail-app-auto-quote
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<DIV>Dear Jerry, </DIV>
<DIV>thanks a lot for your interesting comments. </DIV>
<DIV>I like very much the logical approach, a topic that is generally dispised
by scientists for its intrinsic difficulty. </DIV>
<DIV>We also published something about logic and brain (currently under
review), therefore we keep it in high consideration: </DIV>
<DIV><A href="http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/15/087874"
target=_blank>http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/11/15/087874</A></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>However, there is a severe problem that prevents logic in order to be
useful in the description of scientific theories, explanans/explanandum, and
so on. The severe problem has been raised by three foremost discoveries
in the last century: quantum entanglement, nonlinear dynamics and quantistic
vacuum. </DIV>
<DIV>Quantum entanglement, although experimentally proofed by countless
scientific procedures, is against any common sense and any possibliity
of logical inquiry. The concepts of locality and of cause/effect
disappear in front of the puzzling phenomenon of quantum entanglement, which
is intractable in terms of logic, neither using the successful and advanced
approaches of Lesniewski-Tarski, nor Zermelo-Fraenkel's. </DIV>
<DIV>The same stands for nonlinear chaotic phenomena, widespread in nature,
from pile sands, to bird flocks and to brain function. When biforcations
occur in logistic plots and chaotic behaviours take place, the final systems'
ouputs are not anymore causally predictable. </DIV>
<DIV>Quantistic vacuum predicts particles or fields interactions occurring
through breaks in CPT symmetries: this means that, illogically, the
arrow of the time can be reverted (!!!!!) in quantistic systems.
</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Therefore (and I'm sorry for that), the explanatory role of logic in
scientific theories is definitely lost.</DIV>
<DIV>Here we are talking about brain: pay attention, I'm not saying that the
brain function obeys to quantum behaviours (I do not agree with the accounts
by, for example, Roger Penrose or Vitiello/Freeman). I'm just saying
that, because basic phenomena underlying our physical and biological
environment display chaotic behaviours and quantistic mechanisms that go
against logic, therefore the logic, in general, cannot be anymore useful in
the description of our world. </DIV>
<DIV>I'm sad about that, but that's all. </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV>P.S.: A topological approach talks instead of projections and mappings
from one level to another, therefore it does not talk about causality or time
and displays a more general explanatory power. But this is another
topic... </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT><BR></DIV>
<DIV> <BR><BR>
<P
style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
face="courier new, monospace"><B>Arturo Tozzi</B></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN
style="LINE-HEIGHT: 115%"><FONT face="courier new, monospace">AA Professor
Physics, University North Texas</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
face="courier new, monospace">Pediatrician ASL Na2Nord,
Italy</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><FONT
face="courier new, monospace">Comput Intell Lab, University
Manitoba</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 12pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none"><FONT
face="courier new, monospace"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; COLOR: rgb(5,68,126); LINE-HEIGHT: normal"
href="http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/"
target=_blank>http://arturotozzi.webnode.it/</A><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"> </SPAN></FONT><BR></P></DIV><BR><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>----Messaggio originale----<BR>Da: "Jerry LR Chandler" <<A
href="/compose?To=jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com">jerry_lr_chandler@icloud.com</A>><BR>Data:
05/12/2016 0.50<BR>A: "fis"<<A
href="/compose?To=fis@listas.unizar.es">fis@listas.unizar.es</A>><BR>Cc:
<<A
href="/compose?To=tozziarturo@libero.it">tozziarturo@libero.it</A>><BR>Ogg:
Re: [Fis] Who may proof that consciousness is an Euclidean n-space
???<BR><BR>FISers:
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>This is just a short note to communicate about two matters of
substantial importance with respect to foundational issues.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Several contributors to this list serve have proposed a relationship
between phenomena and biological structures / processes and mathematics.
Perhaps of greatest interest have been the informational assertions seeking
to relate mind / consciousness / brain to either traditional mathematical
forms and/or Shannon information theory (with barely a mention of either the
semiotic or empirical necessities).</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>A common scientific flaw inhabits these several proposals. In my view,
this common flaw is the absence of the relationships between scientific
causality and mathematical symbols that are necessary to meet the logic of
Lesniewski / Tarski, that is, a method to valid the proposed methods of
representations. (Krassimir’s post touched these concerns lightly.)</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>While it is possible to cite hundreds (if not thousands) of texts that
seek to relate scientific phenomenon with causality, one well-written
account addresses the logical relations between scientific laws and
the antecedent causes that generate consequences of importance for the study
of the information sciences. see:</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: 700; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times">Studies in the
Logic of Explanation</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV title="Page 1">
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times'">Carl G. Hempel; Paul
Oppenheim </SPAN></P>
<DIV><A href="http://www.sfu.ca/~jillmc/Hempel%20and%20Oppenheim.pdf"
target=_blank>http://www.sfu.ca/~jillmc/Hempel%20and%20Oppenheim.pdf</A></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV> I would like to emphasis that scientific inquiry necessarily
requires the use of multiple symbol systems and hence intrinsically depends
on the symbols used to express scientific laws. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>The second issue is relates to the various philosophical perspectives
that are related to information theory.</DIV>
<DIV>The web site </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><A
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bois-reymond/"
target=_blank>http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bois-reymond/</A></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>present the views on numerous philosophers (see list below) AS WELL AS
critical perspectives from a physical viewpoint.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>If time permits, I will add to this post in the coming
week. </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Cheers</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>Jerry </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)">Philosophers </SPAN><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/adler/"
target=_blank>Mortimer Adler</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/albritton/"
target=_blank>Rogers Albritton</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/alexander/"
target=_blank>Alexander of Aphrodisias</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/alexanders/"
target=_blank>Samuel Alexander</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/alston/"
target=_blank>William Alston</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/anscombe/"
target=_blank>G.E.M.Anscombe</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/anselm/"
target=_blank>Anselm</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/antony/"
target=_blank>Louise Antony</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/aquinas/"
target=_blank>Thomas Aquinas</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/aristotle/"
target=_blank>Aristotle</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/armstrong/"
target=_blank>David Armstrong</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/atmanspacher/"
target=_blank>Harald Atmanspacher</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/audi/"
target=_blank>Robert Audi</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/augustine/"
target=_blank>Augustine</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/austin/"
target=_blank>J.L.Austin</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ayer/"
target=_blank>A.J.Ayer</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bain/"
target=_blank>Alexander Bain</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/balaguer/"
target=_blank>Mark Balaguer</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/barrett/"
target=_blank>Jeffrey Barrett</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/belsham/"
target=_blank>William Belsham</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bergson/"
target=_blank>Henri Bergson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/berlin/"
target=_blank>Isaiah Berlin</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/berofsky/"
target=_blank>Bernard Berofsky</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/bishop/"
target=_blank>Robert Bishop</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/black/"
target=_blank>Max Black</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bobzien/"
target=_blank>Susanne Bobzien</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bois-reymond/"
target=_blank>Emil du Bois-Reymond</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bok/"
target=_blank>Hilary Bok</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/boole/"
target=_blank>George Boole</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/boutroux/"
target=_blank>Émile Boutroux</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/bradley/"
target=_blank>F.H.Bradley</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/broad/"
target=_blank>C.D.Broad</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/burke/"
target=_blank>Michael Burke</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/campbell/"
target=_blank>C.A.Campbell</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/campbellj/"
target=_blank>Joseph Keim Campbell</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/carnap/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/carneades/"
target=_blank>Carneades</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/cassirer/"
target=_blank>Ernst Cassirer</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/chalmers/"
target=_blank>David Chalmers</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/chisholm/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/chrysippus/"
target=_blank>Chrysippus</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/Cicero/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/clarke/"
target=_blank>Randolph Clarke</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/clarkes/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/collins/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/corradini/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/dancy/"
target=_blank>Jonathan Dancy</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/davidson/"
target=_blank>Donald Davidson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/decaro/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/democritus/"
target=_blank>Democritus</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/dennett/"
target=_blank>Daniel Dennett</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/derrida/"
target=_blank>Jacques Derrida</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/descartes/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/double/"
target=_blank>Richard Double</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/dretske/"
target=_blank>Fred Dretske</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/dupre/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/earman/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ekstrom/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/epictetus/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/epicurus/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/feigl/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/fischer/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/flanagan/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/floridi/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/foot/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/fouillee/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/frankfurt/"
target=_blank>Harry Frankfurt</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/franklin/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/frede/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/gettier/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ginet/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/gorgias/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/harris/"
target=_blank>Sam Harris</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hasker/"
target=_blank>William Hasker</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hare/"
target=_blank>R.M.Hare</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hegel/"
target=_blank>Georg W.F. Hegel</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/heidegger/"
target=_blank>Martin Heidegger</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hobart/"
target=_blank>R.E.Hobart</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hobbes/"
target=_blank>Thomas Hobbes</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hodgson/"
target=_blank>David Hodgson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hodgsons/"
target=_blank>Shadsworth Hodgson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/dholbach/"
target=_blank>Baron d'Holbach</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/honderich/"
target=_blank>Ted Honderich</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/huby/"
target=_blank>Pamela Huby</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/hume/"
target=_blank>David Hume</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/huoranszki/"
target=_blank>Ferenc Huoranszki</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/james/"
target=_blank>William James</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kames/"
target=_blank>Lord Kames</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kane/"
target=_blank>Robert Kane</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kant/"
target=_blank>Immanuel Kant</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kapitan/"
target=_blank>Tomis Kapitan</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kim/"
target=_blank>Jaegwon Kim</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/king/"
target=_blank>William King</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/kornblith/"
target=_blank>Hilary Kornblith</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/korsgaard/"
target=_blank>Christine Korsgaard</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/kripke/"
target=_blank>Saul Kripke</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lavazza/"
target=_blank>Andrea Lavazza</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lehrer/"
target=_blank>Keith Lehrer</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/leibniz/"
target=_blank>Gottfried Leibniz</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/leucippus/"
target=_blank>Leucippus</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/levin/"
target=_blank>Michael Levin</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/lewes/"
target=_blank>George Henry Lewes</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/lewis/"
target=_blank>C.I.Lewis</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lewis/"
target=_blank>David Lewis</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lipton/"
target=_blank>Peter Lipton</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/locke/"
target=_blank>John Locke</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lockwood/"
target=_blank>Michael Lockwood</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lowe/"
target=_blank>E. Jonathan Lowe</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lucas/"
target=_blank>John R. Lucas</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/lucretius/"
target=_blank>Lucretius</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/marcus/"
target=_blank>Ruth Barcan Marcus</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/martineau/"
target=_blank>James Martineau</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mccall/"
target=_blank>Storrs McCall</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mccann/"
target=_blank>Hugh McCann</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mcginn/"
target=_blank>Colin McGinn</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mckenna/"
target=_blank>Michael McKenna</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mclaughlin/"
target=_blank>Brian McLaughlin</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/meehl/"
target=_blank>Paul E. Meehl</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/meixner/"
target=_blank>Uwe Meixner</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mele/"
target=_blank>Alfred Mele</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/merricks/"
target=_blank>Trenton Merricks</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/mill/"
target=_blank>John Stuart Mill</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/miller/"
target=_blank>Dickinson Miller</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/moore/"
target=_blank>G.E.Moore</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/morgan/"
target=_blank>C. Lloyd Morgan</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/nagelt/"
target=_blank>Thomas Nagel</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/nietzsche/"
target=_blank>Friedrich Nietzsche</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/norton/"
target=_blank>John Norton</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/nowell-smith/"
target=_blank>P.H.Nowell-Smith</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/nozick/"
target=_blank>Robert Nozick</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ockham/"
target=_blank>William of Ockham</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/oconnor/"
target=_blank>Timothy O'Connor</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/pears/"
target=_blank>David F. Pears</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/peirce/"
target=_blank>Charles Sanders Peirce</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/pereboom/"
target=_blank>Derk Pereboom</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/pinker/"
target=_blank>Steven Pinker</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/plato/"
target=_blank>Plato</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/popper/"
target=_blank>Karl Popper</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/porphyry/"
target=_blank>Porphyry</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/price/"
target=_blank>Huw Price</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/prichard/"
target=_blank>H.A.Prichard</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/putnam/"
target=_blank>Hilary Putnam</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/quine/"
target=_blank>Willard van Orman Quine</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/knowledge/philosophers/ramsey/"
target=_blank>Frank Ramsey</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/rand/"
target=_blank>Ayn Rand</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/rea/"
target=_blank>Michael Rea</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/reid/"
target=_blank>Thomas Reid</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/renouvier/"
target=_blank>Charles Renouvier</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/rescher/"
target=_blank>Nicholas Rescher</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/rietdijk/"
target=_blank>C.W.Rietdijk</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/rorty/"
target=_blank>Richard Rorty</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/royce/"
target=_blank>Josiah Royce</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/russell/"
target=_blank>Bertrand Russell</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/russellp/"
target=_blank>Paul Russell</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ryle/"
target=_blank>Gilbert Ryle</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sartre/"
target=_blank>Jean-Paul Sartre</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sayre/"
target=_blank>Kenneth Sayre</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/scanlon/"
target=_blank>T.M.Scanlon</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/schlick/"
target=_blank>Moritz Schlick</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/schopenhauer/"
target=_blank>Arthur Schopenhauer</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/searle/"
target=_blank>John Searle</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sellars/"
target=_blank>Wilfrid Sellars</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sidelle/"
target=_blank>Alan Sidelle</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sider/"
target=_blank>Ted Sider</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sidgwick/"
target=_blank>Henry Sidgwick</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/sinnott-armstrong/"
target=_blank>Walter Sinnott-Armstrong</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/smart/"
target=_blank>J.J.C.Smart</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/smilansky/"
target=_blank>Saul Smilansky</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/smith/"
target=_blank>Michael Smith</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/spinoza/"
target=_blank>Baruch Spinoza</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/stebbing/"
target=_blank>L. Susan Stebbing</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/stout/"
target=_blank>George F. Stout</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawsong/"
target=_blank>Galen Strawson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/strawson/"
target=_blank>Peter Strawson</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/stump/"
target=_blank>Eleonore Stump</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/suarez/"
target=_blank>Francisco Suárez</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/taylorr/"
target=_blank>Richard Taylor</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/timpe/"
target=_blank>Kevin Timpe</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/twain/"
target=_blank>Mark Twain</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/unger/"
target=_blank>Peter Unger</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/vaninwagen/"
target=_blank>Peter van Inwagen</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/vargas/"
target=_blank>Manuel Vargas</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/venn/"
target=_blank>John Venn</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/vihvelin/"
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/voltaire/"
target=_blank>Voltaire</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/vonwright/"
target=_blank>G.H. von Wright</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
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target=_blank>David Foster Wallace</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/wallace/"
target=_blank>R. Jay Wallace</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/ward/"
target=_blank>W.G.Ward</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/warfield/"
target=_blank>Ted Warfield</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/weatherford/"
target=_blank>Roy Weatherford</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/whewell/"
target=_blank>William Whewell</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/whitehead/"
target=_blank>Alfred North Whitehead</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/widerker/"
target=_blank>David Widerker</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/wiggins/"
target=_blank>David Wiggins</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/williams/"
target=_blank>Bernard Williams</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/williamson/"
target=_blank>Timothy Williamson</A><BR
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style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/wittgenstein/"
target=_blank>Ludwig Wittgenstein</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><A
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; COLOR: rgb(102,102,255); FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"
href="http://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/philosophers/wolf/"
target=_blank>Susan Wolf</A><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><BR
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12px; FONT-FAMILY: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(238,238,238)">Scientists </SPAN><BR
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<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE type="cite">
<DIV>On Nov 26, 2016, at 12:06 PM, <A
href="//e-aj.my.com/compose/?mailto=mailto%3atozziarturo@libero.it"
target=_blank>tozziarturo@libero.it</A> wrote:</DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<P dir=ltr
style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Dear
Krassimir,<SPAN> </SPAN><BR>Thanks a lot for your question, now the
discussion will become hotter!</P>
<P dir=ltr
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">First
of all, we never stated that consciousness lies either on a n-sphere or on
an Euclidean n-space.<BR>Indeed, in our framework, consciousness IS the
continuous function.<SPAN> </SPAN><BR>Such function stands for a
gauge field that restores the brain symmetries, broken by
sensations.<SPAN> </SPAN><BR>Concerning brain and gauge fields, see
my PLOS biology paper:<SPAN> </SPAN><BR><A
href="http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1002400"
target=_blank>http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1002400</A></P>
<P dir=ltr
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">When
consciousness lacks, the inter-dimensional projections are broken, and the
nervous higher functions temporarily
disappear. <SPAN> </SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Concerning
the question about which are the manifolds where brain functions lie, it
does not matter whether they are spheres, or circles, or concave, or flat
structures: we demonstrated that the BUT is valid not just for convex
manifolds, but for all the kinds of
manifolds. <SPAN> </SPAN><BR>See our:<SPAN> </SPAN><BR><A
href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jnr.23720/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage="
target=_blank>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jnr.23720/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=</A><BR></P>
<P dir=ltr
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Therefore,
even if you think that brain and biological functions are trajectories
moving on concave structures towards lesser energetic levels, as suggested
by, e.g., Fokker-Planck equations, it does not matter: you may always find
the antipodal points with matching description predicted by
BUT. <SPAN> </SPAN></P>
<P dir=ltr
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">Ciao!</P>
<DIV
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">
<P dir=ltr>--<BR>Inviato da Libero Mail per Android</P></DIV><SPAN
style="DISPLAY: inline! important; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; FLOAT: none; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">sabato,
26 novembre 2016, 06:23PM +01:00 da Krassimir
Markov<SPAN> </SPAN></SPAN><A
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href="//e-aj.my.com/compose/?mailto=mailto%3amarkov@foibg.com"
target=_blank>markov@foibg.com</A><SPAN
style="DISPLAY: inline! important; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; FLOAT: none; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px">:</SPAN><BR
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<BLOCKQUOTE
style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 10px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 18px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 10px; WORD-SPACING: 0px; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(133,175,49) 1px solid; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; LETTER-SPACING: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: auto; widows: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px"
cite=x-msg://63/14801811490000025350>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV dir=ltr>
<DIV style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Dear FIS colleagues,</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>I think, it is needed to put
discussion on mathematical foundation. Let me remember that:</FONT></P>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT
size=4>The<SPAN> </SPAN><B>Borsuk–Ulam
theorem</B><SPAN> </SPAN>(BUT), states that
every<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title="Continuous function"><STRONG><FONT size=4>continuous
function</FONT></STRONG></A><FONT size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>from
an<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A title=N-sphere><FONT
size=4><I>n</I>-sphere</FONT></A><FONT
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>into<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title="Euclidean space"><STRONG><FONT
size=4>Euclidean<SPAN> </SPAN><I>n</I>-space</FONT></STRONG></A><FONT
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>maps some pair of<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title="Antipodal point"><FONT size=4>antipodal points</FONT></A><FONT
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>to the same
point.<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Here, two points on a sphere are
called antipodal if they are in exactly opposite directions from the
sphere's center.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=4>Formally:<SPAN> </SPAN><STRONG>if</STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN></SPAN><STRONG>is</STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN><STRONG>continuous</STRONG><SPAN> </SPAN>then
there exists an<SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN></SPAN>such
that:<SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN></SPAN>.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>[<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsuk%E2%80%93Ulam_theorem
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsuk%E2%80%93Ulam_theorem"
target=_blank><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=4>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsuk%E2%80%93Ulam_theorem</FONT></A><FONT
face="Times New Roman"
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>]<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT></P>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=4>Who may proof that
consciousness is a <SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title="Continuous function"><FONT size=4><STRONG>continuous
function</STRONG></FONT></A><FONT size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>from
reflected reality ???</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman"><FONT size=4>Who may proof that
consciousness is an<SPAN> </SPAN></FONT><A
title="Euclidean space"><FONT
size=4><STRONG>Euclidean<SPAN> </SPAN><I>n</I>-space</STRONG></FONT></A><FONT
size=4><SPAN> </SPAN>???</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>After proving these statements we
may think further.</FONT></P>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Yes, discussion is interesting
but, I am afraid, it is not so scientific.</FONT></P>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Friendly regards</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4>Krassimir</FONT></P>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=4></FONT><BR> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"
size=4></FONT><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>
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